Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare benign autoinflammatory skeletal disease characterized by unifocal or multifocal nonbacterial inflammatory bone lesions in the metaphysis of long bones. Due to its rarity and its unspecific clinical and imaging findings, it can be easily misdiagnosed. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl which symptomatology was similar to Ewing Sarcoma. In fact, the diagnosis of CRMO is a diagnosis of exclusion.

Keywords: chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis; children; bone pain

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a TB germ that spreads via air, and it is just like a cold. Pulmonary TB patients are very contagious and they transmit the disease through coughing or sneezing. Through this study, Hargeisa TB Hospital will be used as the setting for assessing TB prevalence and associated factors among male TB patients in Somaliland. 296 respondents were selected through animals' lining method for a cross-sectional study. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. The research revealed that 66.2% of the participants smoked three to six cigarettes a day, accounting for 55.7% of the total respondents who smoked. The percentage of alcohol consumed was 44.2%, whilst the percentage of illegal drug use was 34.1%. In addition, 52.4% of them occasionally rode public transit, which may have contributed to their tuberculosis infection. 65.5% of survey participants identified HIV as a significant TB risk factor, and 90% of them ranked HIV's significance in relation to the TB mortality rate. It is important to note, nevertheless, that although 92.9% of those tested tested positive for tuberculosis, only 60.8% of them finished the whole course of therapy. The study indicates that drug and alcohol abuse, smoking, and HIV co-infection are factors that influence TB rates in adult males. Recommendations include the focus testing, the proper use of medications, and fostering community interventions.

Keyword: Tuberculosis (TB); Alcohol Consumption; Drug Abuse; TB hospital; Hargeisa

Background and Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a public health burden. The objective is to compare the prevalence of MetS and its components among underweight, healthy, overweight and obese adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 624 adolescents (383 girls and 241 boys). Data collected included waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting total cholesterol (T-Chol), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Results: In all, 108 (17.3%), 466 (74.7%), 30 (4.8%) and 20 (3.2%) subjects were underweight, healthy, overweight and obese. Obese subjects were significantly younger than the underweight (P-value=0.0003) or healthy (P-value=0.008) individuals. Waist circumference ≥90th percentile was more prevalent among obese boys (16.7%) than girls (7.1%). The prevalence of MetS was 8.3%, higher in boys (14.1%) than girls (4.7%), highest (26.7%) among the overweight and lowest (2.8%) among the underweight. High LDL-C was mostly widespread (92.5%) and systolic hypertension had the least occurrence (4.3%). Dyslipidemia, diabetic FPG, and systolic hypertension, were most prevalent among overweight subjects. Prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (78.6%), of low HDL-C (33.3%), hyperglycemia (22.2%) and systolic hypertension (33.3%) were highest in obese girls and overweight boys respectively. The risk factor for MetS of ≥3 least occurred (2.8%) among underweight subjects. Conclusions: Our results indicate that less than 5% of the adolescents were either overweight or obese but 17.3% were underweight. Cardiometabolic risk factors for MetS were more common among overweight subjects. Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent among boys (14.1%) than girls (4.7%).

Keywords: Biophysical profile; Black African Adolescents; Clinical; Metabolic Syndrome; Sub-Saharan

Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous yeast with potential probiotics properties that may be engineered for various industrial applications and the presence of mathematical models (genome-scale models or GSMs, and kinetic models or KMs) will be a valuable tool to guide engineering approaches. To date, there are several GSMs for Y. lipolytica but no whole-cell KM. Here, we present a whole cell simulatable KM of Y. lipolytica, yliYKY24, based on the genome of Y. lipolytica CLIB122. The resulting model consists of 931 metabolites, 703 enzymes with corresponding transcriptions and translations, and 856 enzymatic reactions; which can be a baseline model for incorporating other cellular and growth processes, or as a system to examine cellular resource allocations necessary for engineering.

By combining technology and fabric for therapeutic purposes, smart textiles have become a cutting-edge approach to treating stress and mental health issues. The design, development, and user experience of smart textiles in Nigeria are examined in this study, with an emphasis on how well they relieve stress and promote mental health. The study uses an experimental methodology to examine the potential therapeutic advantages of interactive textiles with temperature control, biofeedback sensors, and aromatherapy features. Surveys and experimental trials were used to gather data, and the physiological and psychological reactions of users to smart fabrics were examined. To assess the effect of smart textiles on stress reduction and general mental health, statistical analyses such as regression analysis and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) were carried out using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Although the quantitative results indicated a possible relationship between the use of smart textiles and stress reduction, the statistical significance was not clear. Qualitative input, however, showed strong perceived benefits and user approval. In order to maximize the design and accessibility of smart textiles as a supplemental stress-relieving intervention in Nigeria, the study suggested more research, the creation of policies, and cooperation amongst stakeholders. It was anticipated that the results would add to the expanding corpus of research on digital health interventions, highlighting the promise of smart textiles as an approachable and culturally appropriate way to manage mental health in Nigeria.

Keywords: Therapeutic Application; Smart Textiles; Stress Relief; Mental Well-being; Aromatherapy; Biofeedback Sensors

We are about to bid farewell to 2024. It is now receding, while the next is proceeding towards the shore. We are now at the trough of 2024, and its crest became a history now. Like annual rings within the stem of a tree, sea waves also seem to put signatures on the shore. Now we may attempt a deep learning of the autograph of temporal comber.  Let us look  into 1924, retrospecting a hundred years back.

1924 is specially remembered for the breakthrough in electrophysiology. The invention of ECG was honoured with the Noble prize in Physiology or Medicine in that very year. Also, EEG was tried on humans in 1924 itself. Let us have a brief retrospection to this aspect.

Hip joint instability in young adults presents a significant orthopedic challenge, often arising from conditions like trauma, septic arthritis, developmental dysplasia, or other childhood hip pathologies. The condition is characterized by pain, limb length discrepancy, Trendelenburg gait, and functional limitations. Treatment aims to restore hip stability, alleviate pain, and correct associated deformities. Conventional approaches such as hip arthrodesis or total hip arthroplasty (THA) have limitations, including loss of range of motion, back pain, or the need for revision surgeries in younger patients.

This study explores the efficacy of Ilizarov hip reconstruction combined with pelvic support osteotomy as an alternative for addressing unstable hips in young adults. The technique includes proximal femoral valgus osteotomy and distal femoral osteotomy for limb length equalization, mechanical axis realignment, and improved hip biomechanics. Two patients with hip instability secondary to septic arthritis underwent this procedure. Preoperative planning included radiological assessments for osteotomy site determination and deformity correction using software-guided SUV systems. Postoperative evaluation involved radiographic follow-ups and assessment of mechanical axis alignment, limb length discrepancy, and functional outcomes.

The results demonstrated significant improvements in limb length, mechanical axis alignment, and Modified Harris Hip Scores, along with elimination of Trendelenburg gait. Complications, including pin site infections and mild residual discrepancies, were effectively managed. Compared to THA, this approach showed reduced revision rates, better biomechanical restoration, and enhanced functional outcomes in young patients.

Ilizarov hip reconstruction emerges as a viable option for managing unstable hips in young adults, providing effective correction of deformities and improved long-term functionality.

Keywords: unstable hips; ilizarov; hip reconstruction; young adults

The travelling wave theory was proclaimed by Georgy von Bekesy (1899-1972) in 1928. The author attempted to explain physiological processes by means of physics and mechanics alone. Bekesy's successors tried to modernise this theory. Not much attention has been paid to complex molecular processes in the receptor and auditory cells.

This paper specifies certain fallacies of the travelling wave theory. Specific focus is given to mechanisms on a submolecular level related to the hearing process. The significance of transformations taking place in an auditory cell is emphasised.

The essence of the new theory lies in a hypothesis of a changed pathway a sound wave takes to reach the receptor. The signal is transferred from the auricle, through the ossicles of the middle ear and the stapes to the receptor via the bony pathway. The study presents nanostructures and nanoprocesses related to the reception and processing of auditory information. Hence, the theory has been named the submolecular theory of hearing.

Congenitally missing lateral incisors cause an aesthetic challenge that may require specific orthodontic and prosthetic solutions. The treatment is complex but offers valuable aesthetic options, such as orthodontic space opening followed by the prosthetic replacement of the lateral incisors. This is made possible by advancements in the design of bonded bridges, particularly cantilever bonded bridges.

The cantilever design offers a minimally invasive, conservative approach, preserving the adjacent teeth while providing a stable and aesthetically pleasing outcome. Through this article, we demonstrate that the cantilever resin-bonded bridge does not only achieve satisfactory aesthetic outcomes but also shows high survival rates, especially when paired with a careful pre-prosthetic approach. This treatment option is particularly beneficial for young patients who may not be ideal candidates for implants due to their age or other considerations. These findings highlight the significance of a multidisciplinary approach that combines orthodontic and prosthetic expertise to ensure long-term success in managing congenitally missing lateral incisors.

Keywords: Resin-bonded bridge; Cantilever resin-bonded bridge; maxillary lateral incisor agenesis

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the healthcare sector, including dental care services. Dental clinics have faced significant disruptions, including reduced patient flow, financial constraints, and implementation of new infection control protocols. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on selected dental clinics in Bangalore.

Aim: Study to understand how COVID -19 Pandemic outbreak effected the selected dental clinics in Bangalore.

Objectives: The study has been enumerated in two objectives, and these are (1) To study dental working conditions in dental clinics. (2) To study the clinical guidelines recommended by Dental Council of India for dental professionals. (3) To study the challenges faced by dentists while resuming dental clinics.

Methodology: An observational and retrospective analytical approach was employed, combining both observational and questionnaire methods. Data regarding the primary and secondary sources were collected. Primary data were collected from structured questionnaires with 50 dental professionals, whereas the secondary data were derived from literature pertinent to the area of study. This research has been conducted using a Purposive and Convenient techniques over a period of 3-4 months.

Result: the findings indicates that covid 19 pandemic profoundly impacted dental clinics, highlighting the need for robust infection control measures, flexible operational strategies, and resilient supply chains. By adopting comprehensive guidelines, enhancing infrastructure, and ensuring clear communication, dental clinics can better navigate future health crisis and maintain patient trust and safety.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted dental clinics in Bangalore, affecting patient appointment, storage of equipment, decrease in patient appointments, economic strain, assurance of patient safety, lack of training and education programme for staff safety. The study highlights the need for dental clinics to adapt to the new technologies prioritizing staff safety, infection control measures and assurance to the patient on safety to ensure sustained delivery of dental care services.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; dental clinics; aerosol; patient volume; economic strain; staff safety; infection control measures

Aging is a natural process that brings physical, psychological, and social changes, often increasing vulnerability to illness and leading to frequent hospital visits (Leung S et al., 2011). With years of medical expertise, healthcare professionals play a vital role in managing the aging population. According to the National Health Policy, India's life expectancy is 68.7 years—67.4 years for males and 70.2 years for females. As life expectancy increases, the risk of morbidity also rises (Ibrahim R et al., 2013). Therefore, it is crucial to assess the attitudes of undergraduate medical students toward elderly care and promote awareness (Yen CH et al., 2009). Introducing necessary changes in medical education can cultivate a positive attitude, greater empathy, and enhanced knowledge in geriatric healthcare.

The drugs that are used for pleasure or other than medical purposes are known as recreational drugs. The users of recreational drugs are well-integrated and can come from any socioeconomic background. Weekend parties often involve the use of illegal drugs to reduce stress, escape daily routines, and enhance dancing abilities.

These drugs are addictive and alter the mental status of the person. Recreational drugs like analgesics: heroin, morphine, fentanyl, codeine; depressants: alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, nicotine; stimulants: cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine; hallucinogens: lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), phencyclidine (PCP) and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The history of medicine is inextricably linked to the history of drug usage for subjective ends. Evidence of alcohol and opioid usage has been discovered in 4,000-year-old human settlements [1].

Drug abuse significantly impacts physical, mental, and social aspects, leading to over 200,000 deaths annually due to heroin and cocaine abuse. It also contributes to delinquency, early sexual activity, family disintegration, and increased HIV risk, highlighting the broader societal implications of this issue [2].

Sorghum is a nutrient-rich cereal grain with bioactive compounds that offer numerous health benefits. Key bioactive constituents include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and dietary fiber, which contribute to its functional food properties. Sorghum contains phenolic acids like ferulic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids, which act as antioxidants, reducing oxidative stress linked to heart disease, cancer, and inflammation. Flavonoids such as luteolin and apigenin possess neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties and support cardiovascular health by reducing arterial plaque buildup. Colored sorghum varieties are rich in condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), which exhibit antioxidant activity, improve gut health, lower cholesterol, and potentially aid in weight management. Sorghum is high in dietary fiber, promoting healthy digestion, regulating blood glucose, and supporting gut microbiota. Policosanols in sorghum help lower LDL cholesterol and improve lipid metabolism, contributing to cardiovascular health and weight management. Other phytochemicals like phytic acid, polyphenols, and sterols reduce the risk of chronic diseases due to their antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering effects. Nutritionally, sorghum is high in protein (9-13%), dietary fiber (6%), and essential minerals such as magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, and iron. It also contains B-complex vitamins, vitamin E, and essential fatty acids like oleic and linoleic acid. Sorghum’s nutritional profile supports growth, metabolism, and disease prevention, particularly in managing cardiovascular health, weight, and cancer risk. Sorghum's hardiness, low input requirements, and nutritional value make it a sustainable crop ideal for addressing food security and climate adaptability. Its resilience to environmental stresses positions it as a critical component in sustainable agriculture, supporting global food systems amidst environmental challenges.

Telemedicine offers underprivileged communities high-quality healthcare by diagnosing and treating patients remotely via telecommunications technology. The first known instance of telemedicine occurred in the early 1900s when an ECG was sent over a telephone line. Since then, telemedicine has advanced significantly in terms of technology and healthcare delivery. NASA and ISRO played a major role in making this possible. In 2005, the Indian Health Ministry established the National Telemedicine Taskforce, which facilitated several initiatives such as the ICMR-AROGYASREE, NeHA, and VRCs.

Telemedicine facilitates patient monitoring and provides family doctors with easy access to specialists. Numerous telemedicine systems, such as store and forward, real-time, remote, or self-monitoring, offer a range of services for disease screening, education, disaster relief, and healthcare delivery and management worldwide. Telemedicine has the potential to greatly lessen the strain on the healthcare system, notwithstanding its drawbacks. Telemedicine has altered the way that healthcare is delivered, particularly in rural areas. By reducing travel, improving access to specialists, aiding in the management of chronic illnesses, and addressing professional shortages, it offers a workable solution to healthcare disparities. However, problems like infrastructure limitations and technological literacy need ongoing attention to ensure equitable, long-term access for all.

Keywords: Applications of telemedicine; history of telemedicine; telemedicine in family medicine; telemedicine in India; telemedicine in public health; types of telemedicine

Background: The South African mining charter stipulates that women mineworkers need to make up at least ten percent of a mine’s core staff. Although this was intended to enhance gender equality in the sector and in the country, women mineworkers are still a minority group underground and continue to be prejudiced against. This unfair treatment may jeopardise their health when exposed to risk within the working environment.

Objective: To explore women mineworkers’ experiences of the mine’s efforts to protect them from gender based discrimination, and to develop guidelines to remove sexism.

Method: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted from a constructivist paradigm. Semi-structured questions were asked to generate knowledge which assisted in developing the guidelines. Purposive sampling was used to identify participants.

Results: The findings of the study may guide mines and related male-dominated organisations to develop and implement policies, strategies and initiatives geared towards attracting, integrating, retaining, supporting and motivating women who are, or wish to be, employed in the sector.

Conclusion: The proposed gender barometer for women’s equality provides an appropriate, accessible and implementable monitoring tool for unions and management, to continuously assess the state of gender mainstreaming in mining. The proposed strategy will assist in promoting diversity and ensuring that every woman mineworker work in a conducive environment to promote health and safety.

Contributions: The study contributes to an evolving body of knowledge aimed at transforming mining and protecting the human rights of women by following a gender mainstreaming strategy

Keywords: gender policy; gender equality; gender mainstreaming; gender discrimination; health and safety

Reexpansion pulmonary edema (REPE) is acute lung injury (ALI) with incidence of less than 1% following pneumothorax or pleural effusion evacuation, which may also occur due to excessive suction of tracheobronchial tree during bronchoscopy. 63 year old lady with hypertension and stroke presented to emergency in septic shock with temperature of 38.7°C. She had respiratory distress with lung finding of left lower zone coarse crepitation and fail to saturate in spite high-flow mask oxygen. She was intubated for impending respiratory collapse and ultrasound showed right femoral vein thrombosis with CT pulmonary angiogram confirmed of pulmonary embolism. Antibiotic and anticoagulant were started for initial treatment. Later, patient required bronchoscopy for collapse and consolidation of left lower lobe as evidence by chest X-ray. Thick mucus over left upper and lower lobes were sucked out. Immediately post procedure, patient desaturated to 90% and required greater positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to maintain saturation. Repeated chest X-ray suggest left upper lobe collapse and lower lobe REPE. With adequate PEEP, REPE and lung collapse were resolved. This case describes rarely discussed complication of bronchoscopy that should be recognized as bronchoscopy is a valuable tool for diagnosing and treating airway issues in emergency settings nowadays.

Keywords: Reexpansion pulmonary edema; acute lung injury; bronchoscopy

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are highly prevalent in many developing countries, affecting the poorest and most deprived communities. Most of the STH infections were of light intensity. Our review focus on STH infections which is common among the school going children. The national programs should be strengthen among these population. The impact of deworming programs must be monitored and routine surveillance should be carried out. Lower socio-economic groups are more affected. The reason for this might be poor socio economic condition and unhygienic living conditions. The main species involved are roundworm (AL, Ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (TT, Trichuris trichiura), and hookworms (HW, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus). This review aims to intensity STH infections and focus more among school-aged children.

Keywords: School children; poor hygiene; national deworming programs; autoinfection

Textile materials over the past 2 decades have gained wide acceptance in the field of medicine in many and varied applications and surgical sutures play a prominent role in the area of medical textiles. A number of aspects have to be considered in the use of textile materials as surgical sutures and these have been discussed herein.

Dermatoglyphics is the study of various patterns and configurations of fingers, and palms, soles. This could be used as an adjunct in preliminary diagnosis. Many studies in literature have shown an association between these dermal configurations and dental diseases. Early detection is very important in controlling dental diseases. As dermatoglyphics appear at a very early stage of life and remain constant throughout, this could be a very important diagnostic tool if proved. This article aims to highlight the various types of dermatoglyphic patterns, advantages, limitations and its associations with various dental diseases.

Keywords: dermatoglyphics; fingerprint; dentistry

Background: Hand osteoarthritis, a disabling painful health condition, has been a topic of great interest to clinicians, patients, and researchers for many years with no definitive consensus on its origins or most efficacious form of treatment or prevention. While various determinants such as age and genetics or both have been proposed to have an influence on this condition, what does the current literature imply?

Aim: Following a comprehensive review conducted in 2023, this mini review sought to examine what researchers have reported over the past 2024 period concerning hand osteoarthritis and the possible role one or more muscle function deficits may play in the disease onset and progression, if any.

Methods: Available English language related literature housed in PUBMED were searched.

Results: Cumulative findings appear to support an important future role for efforts to examine biomechanical disease correlates among other measures to heighten evaluation accuracy.

Conclusion: Future well-designed studies of various hand osteoarthritis samples using clinically relevant biomechanical, neurological, and biochemical outcome instruments are likely to prove extremely valuable in explaining the disease variation, who is at risk or not, some aspects of hand osteoarthritis etiology and modes of averting both the onset and progression of its disabling and costly manifestations.

Keywords: Biomechanics; Hand Function; Hand Osteoarthritis; Intervention; Older Adults

This research examines the characteristics individuals utilize when selecting a primary care provider in their local area. The paper demonstrates the utility of employing large language models (LLM) like ChatGPT 5 to: define a scenario, prompt the model to respond with various perspectives, key aspects relevant to those perspectives, exhibit thought processes of the perspectives, and then conduct an in-depth analysis of the model's generated information. The complete analysis enables the user to get a thorough understanding of a subject within 30 minutes cost-effectively, quickly, and with the option to make revisions. The method is shown in this paper and may be used in other scenarios where human attitudes are crucial. The approach does not presuppose the accuracy of clinical or technical aspects, which may be readily confirmed by other scientific disciplines. The goal is to improve early-stage thinking by exploring how individuals perceive a situation.

Keywords: Generative AI; Large Language Models in Healthcare Research; Mind Genomics; Primary Care Physician Selection

The American Counseling Association, 2014, and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Programs, 2024, recognize the severe risks of Burnout & Compassion Fatigue and advocate for effective prevention measures. In collaboration with NAADAC- The Association for Addiction Professionals, a study was conducted comprising semi-structured interviews of qualifying addiction counselors to document their lived experiences of resiliency in the profession. This article aims to outline the effective personal strategies of addiction counselors that facilitate resilience. This could potentially lead to increasing an addiction counselor’s longevity in the field and supporting other healthcare clinicians who experience high levels of burnout and compassion fatigue.

Keywords: wellness; burnout; fatigue; resiliency; counselor education

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (SCNECC) is an aggressive and rare malignancy accounting for less than 5% of cervical cancers. This case report discusses a 50-year-old woman presenting with vaginal discharge and spotting, later diagnosed with FIGO stage IIIc1 SCNECC. Histology confirmed HPV 18-associated small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix, with imaging revealing pathological pelvic lymph nodes in the absence of distant metastasis . A multidisciplinary approach recommended chemotherapy and radiotherapy as the treatment strategy. The report underlines the diagnostic challenges, poor prognosis, and need for multimodal management while advocating for research into targeted therapies to improve outcomes.

Keywords: Small Cell Neuroendocrine Cervical Carcinoma; Cervical Cancer; Human papillomavirus; Imaging; Prognosis

Simulation-based teaching is an educational system that simulates real-life scenarios, allowing students to gain practical experience without the risks involved with real-life practice [1]. Simulation-based medical education (SBME) has become increasingly popular in medical education. Basic clinical skills and non-technical skills such as communication skill and decision making can be efficiently enhanced by SBME instruction as well [2]. The integration of advanced technology in recent years has allowed SBME to evolve according to the advancements of the digital era. In medical education, virtual reality (VR) is quickly becoming a popular and effective tool, especially for simulation-based teaching and learning. VR can provide a secure, monitored, and interesting learning environment for students in medical education by incorporating it into the curriculum.

This article explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern optometry. AI technologies are revolutionizing the diagnosis and management of eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age- related macular degeneration. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and high-resolution retinal imaging, AI systems can detect early signs of disease with remarkable precision, often surpassing human capabilities. Beyond diagnostics, AI enhances patient care through automated screenings, teleoptometry, and personalized treatment plans. These innovations are improving early detection, reducing diagnostic errors, and increasing accessibility, particularly in underserved regions, shaping the future of precision eye care.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Eye Care; Machine learning algorithms; Disease detection; Precision diagnostics; Tele-optometry; AI in healthcare

It is essential to comprehend how acetylcholinesterase (AChE) interacts with putative ligands in order to find and create drugs that will treat neurodegenerative illnesses. Using in silico molecular docking analysis, we examined the binding affinities of a number of substances to recombinant human acetylcholinesterase (PDB ID: 4EY6). These compounds included (-)-galantamine, a standard drug, pentachloronitrobenzene, sodium pentachlorophenate, Rogor (Dimethoate), trichloroacetic acid, trichlorphon, triterpenoid, saponin, and steroidal alkaloid. The results provide important new information about the possible pharmacological activity of these substances.

Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase Activity; inhibitors; in silico analysis; molecular docking

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, moderate-protein diet that has been traditionally used to manage drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in children. In recent years, research has explored its potential applications in other neurological and metabolic conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obesity, and type 2 diabetes. This review examines the most recent studies (2023-2024) on the efficacy, safety, and broader applications of KD in pediatric populations. We discuss the positive effects of KD on seizure control, behavior modulation in neurodevelopmental disorders, and metabolic improvements in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, we explore the risks associated with long-term KD use, such as nutritional deficiencies and growth retardation, and address the need for future research to establish long-term safety and efficacy in children.

Keywords: Ketogenic-diet; children; neurology

Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas are rare with an estimated incidence of 1 to 2 per 100000 inhabitants. We report the case of a non-functional neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas in a 23-year-old patient, with no medical and surgical history, admitted to the Sikasso referral health center for a painful epigastric mass. Programmed for antropyloric tumor of the stomach or mesenteric, the intraoperative diagnosis was a tumor of the body of the pancreas of incidental discovery. Treatment consisted of tumor excision by enucleation of the tumor. Histopathological examination of the tumour revealed non-functional neuroendocrine carcinoma. The discovery of such a rare pathology in our health center motivated this work.

Our objective was to report this clinical case and to make a clarification within our health structure.

Keywords: Neuroendocrine carcinoma; non-functional; Pancreas; Sikasso Ref

The global healthcare sector is constantly transforming due to technological advancements, complex clinical cases, evolving patient expectations, and the challenges resulting from global health crises. This is a narrative review that takes into account crucial themes related to healthcare management, clinical practice, and innovation on the topic of clinical governance, diagnostic developments, competency-based education, and technology adoption. Clinical governance is instrumental in guaranteeing accountability and quality care within healthcare systems. It contributes to the reduction of clinical errors and enhances patient safety by fostering a culture of transparency, professional accountability, and continuous improvement. Diagnostic and treatment strategies are increasingly becoming personalized, with conditions like subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCH) and sepsis pointing out the need for individualized care based on patient-specific factors. In addition, the shift from rigid protocols to adaptive, patient-centered approaches underscores the importance of real-time clinical judgment. Competency-based education is essential for preparing healthcare leaders capable of navigating complex systems because it integrates technical, leadership, and management skills into professional development. Integration of Health Information Technology (HIT), including Electronic Health Records (EHRs), telemedicine, and clinical decision-support systems has transformed healthcare delivery by increasing efficiency and accuracy, especially in resource-limited settings. In addition, the integration of AI in diagnostic and treatment processes has transformative potential in predictive analytics and personalized care. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in healthcare systems but also demonstrated resilience, driving innovations like telemedicine and remote monitoring. Healthcare systems must adapt to these challenges by focusing on patient-centered, scalable interventions and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. The challenge will be to address systemic inequities and build resilient systems to ensure the delivery of quality, equitable care.

Keywords: Healthcare Management; Clinical Governance; Diagnostic Advancements; Competency-Based Education; Technology Integration

Not all Brazilians like football! There are two of us Brazilians who, despite liking and playing sports, might be excluded from the great hall of fans. So there is no idolisation, either of football or of people related to football.

Not all Brazilians like soccer! We are two Brazilians who, although we enjoy and practice sports, may be excluded from the vast group of soccer fans. Therefore, there is no idolatry, neither toward soccer, nor regarding anyone associated with soccer.

Due to the power and breadth of the internet and globalisation, footballers end up becoming influencers. They launch fashion! And fashion is not always interesting!

Currently, the majority of footballers wear contact lenses. Considering the current Brazilian football team, of the 22 players in the squad, 11 wear contact lenses.

Children learn language through stimulation and exposure to the environment during their critical period of development. In earlier times children were more socially engaged, however these days they spend more time with electronic screen media. This increased screen time in young children has been associated with detrimental health effects, including reduced cognitive function, delayed language development, and behaviors like short attention spans, irritability, which led to the development of new term known as Virtual Autism. Virtual Autism is also known as Digital Autism or Screen time Autism, refers to a condition where individuals exhibit autistic like symptoms such as social withdrawal and communication difficulties, primarily triggered by excessive screen time and digital interactions. Virtual Autism can affect individual of various ages but research suggests that excessive screen time and digital exposure can impact as early as infancy (6-12 months) and toddlerhood (1-3 years). This concept is not recognized as a distinct medical diagnosis but rather as a subset of symptoms associated with prolonged exposure to digital media. Research suggests that it can exacerbate existing Autism spectrum disorders(ASD), and Virtual Autism can also be reversed with reduced screen exposure and balanced digital habits. As technology continues to dominate, understanding virtual autism’s implications is crucial for promoting healthy digital habits. Preventing virtual autism requires a holistic approach involving parents, educators, and policymakers. Key steps include setting a screen time limit, selecting age-appropriate content, promoting physical activity and outdoor play, nurturing in-person relationships, teaching digital literacy, parental supervision, professional guidance, and parental and educational roles.

A brain abscess, an intracerebral purulent collection caused by bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections, often arises from primary infectious foci in the ENT sphere or by contiguity. Although rare, it poses significant risks, especially in vulnerable populations such as pregnant women. This report presents the case of a 24-year-old woman at 29 weeks of amenorrhea, admitted for progressive worsening headaches. Initial symptoms included nocturnal paroxysms with bilateral frontal location radiating to the neck, evolving into language disorders and right hemibody functional impairment without convulsive seizures, all in a febrile context suggesting an infection. Notably, the patient had undergone a pus drainage procedure for odontogenic cellulitis one week prior. Clinical examination revealed febrile status, meningeal syndrome, and neurological deficits including dysarthria and right hemiparesis. MRI results showed multiple brain abscesses with peri-lesional cerebral edema. Antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy yielded significant clinical improvement. However, post-treatment imaging revealed hydrocephalus, necessitating extended antibiotic therapy. This case underscores the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of ENT infections to prevent severe intracerebral complications, particularly in immunocompromised patients.

Anaemia is an error in the biological system which can lead to mortality if the condition deteriorates. India is one of the world’s leading contributors of anaemia. The major reason for this disease is malnutrition and women of reproductive age (WRA) and children are one of the most vulnerable groups to this condition and maternal anaemia is associated with increased mortality. Here in this work, we have compared two devices Device A (HemoQR) and Device B [Haematology Analyzer-Fully Automated-5 parts (Erba H560)] in hospital camp setup using 280 samples from patients of different age groups using fingertip pricked blood for the test. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy obtained from our study was 92.06 %, 98.67 % and 95.75 % respectively. The results of this study were satisfactory when compared to the criteria of Anemia Mukt Bharat” (AMB) program initiated by the government of India’s Ministry of Health & Family Welfare which states a sensitivity and specificity of 80% minimum for an invasive digital hemoglobinometer. The results of this study concludes that HemoQR can be an efficient, economical and smart point of care (POC) haemoglobin (Hb) detection test system using a mobile based application for analysing and collecting the data. 

Social jetlag refers to the disruption in natural sleep –wake cycle in scientific term the circadian rhythm. It is commonly due to social or work-related obligations. It can cause acute or chronic effects, which vary from fatigue, mood disturbances and impaired cognitive function to increased risk of chronic metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The preventive strategies rest on establishing consistent sleep schedule to avoid or reduce social jetlag and reinforcing the natural sleep-wake cycle.

Keywords: Circadian rhythm; Cardio-metabolic diseases; Night shift

Introduction: The medical tourism growth along with insurance and corporate, which has increased the demand for quality healthcare, made it create national and international accreditation bodies where care quality is brought in a harmonized way. Accreditation also plays a vital role in building service excellence and patient safety through NABH and JCI frameworks.

Aim: This study aims at investigating different accreditation systems and their benefits to the patients in a selected hospital in Bangalore.

Objectives: The study has been enumerated in two primary objectives, and these are: (1) an investigation of the various accreditation systems available for hospital healthcare in Karnataka and (2) assessment of the benefits and patient satisfaction in the chosen hospital.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. Data regarding the primary and secondary sources were collected. Primary data were collected from structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with 100 inpatients, whereas the secondary data were derived from literature pertinent to the area of study. This research has been conducted using a simple random sampling technique and analyzed using frequencies and percentages over a period of 3-4 months.

Result: The findings indicate the ways in which Karnataka accreditation systems, particularly NABH and NQAS, can increase patient safety and improve the quality of care. The patients reported high percentages of access, convenience, and continuity of care with excellent communication among staff. The overall patient dissatisfaction was remarkably low except for some of the areas for improvement. The findings indicated that the accredited hospitals have a proportionate increase in the quality of services and patient safety.

Conclusion: This study will, therefore, underpin the significance of accreditation in healthcare and further proposes some future directions for the improvement of patient satisfaction.

Keywords: Hospital Accreditation; Patient Satisfaction; Quality Healthcare; NABH; ISO; NQAS; Medical Tourism

Background: Dengue fever has been known for more than a century in the tropical countries. Dengue fever is now the most common cause of arboviral disease in the world, with an estimated annual occurrence of 100 million cases  and a mortality rate of 25,000 per year. Dengue is diagnosed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and detection of NS1 antigen with corresponding IgM, IgG antibodies by Enzyme immunoassay & Immunochromatographic test. These tests are expensive and may not be available in the periphery. So, the routinely performed hematological parameters and correlation with biochemical parameters will aid in the diagnosis of Dengue Fever.

Objective:  To assess the biochemical markers of renal and liver function, and the hematological markers in dengue fever and to assess correlation of biochemical and hematological parameters with severity of dengue fever.

Methods: This was a record - based study. Data of patients (demographic, clinical details) was collected from hospital information system. Hematological parameters: Hematocrit, total blood count, total WBC count, Total RBC count, Platelet count and Biochemical markers of liver function: Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, total protein, albumin, A\G ratio, ALT, AST and ALP was retrieved from laboratory information system. The collected data were analyzed for frequency, percentage and mean± SD.

Results: The study was carried out on a total of 170 participants, including 115(68%) male and 55(32%) females. Hematological findings like reduced platelet count and raised leucocytes were seen in majority of the cases. Biochemical findings like raised AST and ALT were seen.

Conclusion:  Thrombocytopenia, raised total leucocyte count, raised AST and ALT will aid in early diagnosis of Dengue infection. Early recognition and prevention rather than treatment of complications is most important for favourable outcome of the disease.

Keywords: Dengue fever; Thrombocytopenia; Hematological and Biochemical parameters

We reported that the multiple bone marrow used to treat and remedy drinking SIGN water led to the reduction of the cancer cells of multiple myeloma from standpoints of the total system in our body. That is why we discuss the SIGN water’s work along the electrical circuit, and we consider the cancer similar to the resistor. The condenser stores electrons and the coil provides them through acupuncture in the body even skin. The infoton in the SIGN water generates magneticity with an electron through coils similar to acupuncture. We propose that magneticity may transfer information with the infoton involving a charge and spin. The essential point is to activate the normal cells around bone marrow due to the infoton resulting in the disappearance of the cancer cells.

Few discoveries and research in medical innovation have had the transformative potential of gene therapy. Amongst the most significant recent developments is Zolgensma, a pioneering spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) treatment. This infrequent but devastating genetic disorder disturbs the motor nerve cells in the spinal cord and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and paralysis.

SMA has long been a source of despair for families worldwide; it claims the lives of many children before their second birthday. However, the advent of Zolgensma, approved by the FDA in 2019, represents a beacon of hope for families grappling with this disease, often seen as a death sentence for infants.

Background: Right atrial thrombus (RAT) is a rare finding that is almost exclusively found complicating pulmonary embolism (PE) and carries a high mortality rate. Emergency treatment is usually required to save life. There is no algorithmic approach of the management of this condition due to the lack of evidence-based guidelines and randomized control trials. Management of RAT is still a subject of debate.

Objective: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of thrombolysis in resolution of right atrial thrombus.

Case Report: Sixty one year-old female, presented with a history of fainting, exertional dyspnea, easy fatigability, and lower limb swelling. A transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed a right atrial mass that was moving into right ventricle. Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) confirmed a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

The patient was thrombolysed with tenectaplase and a repeat TTE confirmed that the thrombus had resolved with and improvement in the patient’s clinical symptoms.

Discussion: This demonstrates thrombolysis is a rapid and life-saving therapeutic measure reducing the risk of death from thromboembolism.

Keywords: Cardiac Thrombus; Pulmonary Thromboembolism; Thrombolysis

Digital devices have become essential in our lives. They're used for work, school, and fun. In particular mobile gaming has become more popular, especially among young adults. Millions of people play games on mobile which keeps growing yearly. Mobile gaming is becoming increasingly popular, with serious health concerns. The visual and physical demands during prolonged mobile gaming due to smaller screen size and poor posture, have potentially negative consequences such as visual problems, musculoskeletal discomfort, sleep disorders, stress, and behavioral concerns. Despite these issues, mobile gaming has cognitive advantages, such as better memory, concentration, problem-solving abilities, and response times, particularly in action games. Adopting good gaming habits with a balanced diet is crucial to reducing health concerns. Addressing the health consequences of mobile gaming is critical as its popularity grows, demanding further study to better understand long-term implications and develop effective measures for encouraging healthy gaming behaviors

Keywords: Mobile gaming; Health; Digital Devices; Ocular health

VI is a worldwide societal issue with significant economic and social consequences. This review provides an overview of the economic burden due to the direct costs of health care, loss of productivity, and costs of informal care. In developed countries such as the United States, the estimated cost of VI from an economic viewpoint is in billions of dollars annually. In developing countries, such as India, the economic loss is even more. The review also underlines the consequences of socio-economic inequity, which further heightens the burden that is imposed by VI, especially in those settings where eye care services are scarce. These results point to the urgent need for better eye care infrastructure and targeted public health interventions, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, to reduce economic and social burdens from VI and improve quality of life among affected individuals.

Keywords: vision impairment; economic burden; health care costs; productivity loss; socio-economic inequalities; eye care services

Although relatively rare in developed countries, ileal perforations of typhoid origin are a public health problem in developing countries, particularly in Mali.

The aim of our study was to study ileal perforations of typhoid origin in the surgery department of the Sominé Dolo Hospital in Mopti.

This was a prospective study that took place from November 1, 2017 to October 31, November 2018, i.e. 12 months.

During this study, we observed 58 cases of ileal perforations of typhoid origin, i.e. 8.41% of emergency consultations.

It is a pathology of young people with an average age of 19.7 years.

We found a predominance of men (63.8% males) with a sex ratio of 1.76.

Emergency was the most frequent method of recruitment (91.4%).

The mean time to consultation was 13.1 days after symptoms.

Among the signs suggestive of intestinal perforation, abdominal pain (100%), abdominal defense or contracture (100%), pain on digital rectal examination (94.9%) and abolition of abdominal breathing (74.1%) were the most frequent. Radiography of the abdomen without preparation taking the diaphragmatic cupolas suspected the diagnosis of intestinal perforation through the intercosto-diapragmatic crescent gas in 53.4% of cases.

Widal's serodiagnosis was positive in 74.1% of cases.

Excision-suture was the most used operative technique in our series (58.6%).

Early morbidity was 51.5% and overall mortality was 29.3%, i.e.

17 deaths out of 58 cases of ileal perforations of typhoid origin.

Keywords: Peritonitis; Typhoid; Perforation; Ileum; Surgery

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms preexisting beliefs, and significantly impacts healthcare and patient outcomes. This literature review explores the various impacts of confirmation bias on medical professionals, patients, caregivers, etc, and draws from a variety of studies, observations, and surveys. For healthcare providers, confirmation bias can result in diagnostic errors, specified treatment decisions, and biased/skewed interpretation of data regarding a patient which has detrimental effects on clinical judgments and healthcare quality. Similarly, on the patient side, confirmation bias influences health behaviors, following medical advice, and thoughts regarding illnesses, which cause adverse health outcomes. The review emphasizes key mechanisms by which confirmation bias appears in clinical settings, including cognitive heuristics, diagnostic anchoring, and patient-practitioner interactions. Furthermore, the review discusses ways to alleviate the negative impacts of confirmation bias, such as incorporating specified guidelines, increasing training and awareness, and enhancing open communication. By understanding current research, this literature review emphasizes the need for proactive measures addressing confirmation bias to improve decision-making processes and healthcare solutions/outcomes in medical practice.

Infectious keratitis(infectious corneal ulceration) is the fifth leading cause of preventable blindness globally. However, it continues to be a neglected health problem, and is rarely considered to be an environmental work hazard. This is surprising since 20 % to 92 % of infectious keratitis, especially in Asia, is reported to occur following ocular trauma in workers engaged in agricultural chores or other forms of outdoor manual labour. Reported traumatising agents include mud and dust particles and plant material (leaves, tree branches, paddy grain), cow’s tail, sticks, stones and iron particles. Any form of corneal damage is a potential threat to vision, and unilateral or bilateral corneal blindness resulting from infectious keratitis is a devastating economic and psychological occurrence for any individual. Individuals with unilateral or bilateral corneal opacity arising from infectious keratitis have been found to suffer from disturbances in vision-specific mobility (general function), psychosocial vision and visual symptoms, resulting in a poorer vision-related quality of life than normal individuals. Treatment of infectious keratitis may take several days, hence cost of treatment may be prohibitive. Since prompt prophylactic treatment of corneal abrasions with antibacterial and antifungal ointment has been shown to prevent occurrence of infectious keratitis, committed grassroots workers and a fairly extensive rural health network are needed to make this a reality. Campaigns (either official or by word of mouth) are needed make the general public aware of this condition and its possible prevention.

Keywords: infectious keratitis; ocular trauma; prevention; vision-specific quality of life

The possibility of regenerating teeth in people who lose them for varied different reasons is the following step that scientists involved in Regenerative cure are aiming for. The idea of replacing missing teeth with an own individual’s regenerated natural teeth is every Dentist's dream!

Introduction: this study aimed to investigate the aetiological aspects and management of postoperative peritonitis in the surgical department of the Kankan Regional Hospital.

Methodology: this was a 12-month prospective, analytical study of postoperative peritonitis regardless of the location of the initial operation.

Results: out of 737 operations, 50 cases were postoperative peritonitis accounting of 6.78%. The average age was 20.42 years. Women were the most affected (54%). Housewives accounted for 38% and rural women 54%. The initial operation was conducted in private clinics (46%) and health centers (30%). Appendicitis was the initial pathology in 56% of cases, and general practitioners and nurses were the first operators in 64% and 26% of cases respectively. Removal of the appendicular stump was performed by 56% of patients. The operation lasted an average of 95.74 minutes. Follow-up was straightforward in 78% of cases. The average length of stay was 16.4 days. The case fatality rate was 16%.

Conclusion: postoperative peritonitis was frequent and serious. A multicentre study would be necessary to collect data on the aetiological aspects and management.

Keywords: Peritonitis; Post-operative; Hospital; Regional; Kankan

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the indications and results of early reinterventions in individuals of the abdomen in the general surgery department of HRK.

Material and Methods: This was a one-year prospective study, carried out in the Surgery department of the Kankan Regional Hospital, focusing on early re-interventions regardless of the location of the intervention.

Results: During this period, we operated on 1075 patients, among whom 38 cases required re-laparotomies, representing 3.53%. The average age of our patients was 29.68 years, with extremes of 7 and 75 years, mainly affecting individuals aged between 16-25 years, with a predominance of males. The majority of these patients were initially operated on in private clinics (60.53%) by unqualified personnel (76.32%). Appendicitis was the most involved condition, accounting for 44.73%. Peritonitis (68.42%) followed by digestive fistulas (18.42%) were the main postoperative indications. Clinical signs were dominated by abdominal pain. The main re-intervention procedures were peritoneal lavage (92.11%), drainage (81.58%), release of adhesions or bands (31.58%), and resection + anastomosis (26.32%). We recorded a mortality rate of 23.68%.

Conclusion: Better management of initial pathologies through the strengthening of surgical teams' skills, raising awareness and banning unqualified personnel from health centers, and improving technical facilities could contribute to a better prognosis.

Keywords: Early re-interventions; visceral surgery; indications; results; regional hospital; Kankan

Human biology is extremely complex. It is in fact a real reflection of vast Cosmic Mind`s creation. Every bodily system is running cyclically and orderly like a systemic bodily clock. This biological clock is the human circadian system which has a period of 24 hours. Recent studies on circadian rhythm and on the consequences of its disruption- “Chronodisruption” have been expanded to a great extent. Modern life-style and environmental factors can disrupt the circadian system of the body and may lead to adverse effects on individual`s health. Furthermore, complex reciprocal relationship between metabolism and the circadian system of the body have been demonstrated. Current research evidences also provide the impact of the interaction between the circadian system and nutrition and the way this link can influence the epigenome and microbiome. Based on this whole concept, it is possible to develop nutritional strategies to manage circadian-aligned feeding that is what and when to eat in order to reduce the prevalence and burden of chronic diseases.

Keywords: Chronodisruption; Epigenetic; Nutrigenetics; Nutrimicromics

Introduction: Stroke in children is dreadful, although it is ten to twelve times rarer than in adults. The incidence of stroke in children has been little studied. It varies between 1.3 and 13/100,000 children/year. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, aetiological and scanographic aspects of ischaemic strokes in children aged between 1 month and 15 years in the Paediatrics Department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital.

Setting-Materials and Methods: This was a prospective dynamic study conducted in the Paediatrics Department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital over a 12-month period, from 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2021.

All children hospitalised for ischaemic stroke were included. The diagnosis of stroke was based on any sudden onset neurological deficit that persisted for at least 24 hours, with no apparent cause other than a vascular origin.

Results: We recorded 12 cases of ischemic stroke in the department, i.e. 2.27%. The age group of 11-15 years was more represented 41.66% with extremes of 1 year and 15 years. The female sex was dominant in 7 cases (58.33%). The onset of symptoms was sudden (75%) or rapidly progressive over a few hours (25%). The motor deficit of a hemibody was the main clinical sign, found in 91.67% of cases associated with language disorders (4 cases), convulsions (4 cases), fever (6 cases), headaches and/or vomiting (5 cases), impaired consciousness (2) and facial asymmetry (6 cases). Brain CT was the first-line test required to confirm the diagnosis in 100% of cases. The etiologies were dominated by heart disease (4 cases), sickle cell disease (4 cases), central nervous system infection (1 case) and undetermined (3 cases). The evolution was favourable in 91.67%.

Conclusion: Stroke in children remains rare, and there is no clinical difference between children and adults. Early, multidisciplinary monitoring of patients with sickle cell disease and prevention of rheumatic heart disease would help to considerably reduce the incidence of stroke in children.

Keywords: stroke; neuroimaging; child; Ignace Deen

The article traverses through the issues that have emerged regarding TB in India & at global level. The issues revolve around socio economic, pharmacology in modern system, role of AYUSH & other stakeholders.

The article concludes that nutrition is a big factor in dealing with TB. Immunity is another factor. Life style & health promotion activities are cross cutting. Hence, all these factors should be the part of the entire TB intervention in which pharmacology is just one part.

Keywords: TB; RCT; BCG; Chemotherapy; ATP; AYUSH

We tried to connection of the basic biophysical sense of virus science, in which we discuss the amount of element and chemical bond energy every element in every amino acid relating to a virus. I found some relationship with a virus’ strength, infectious, remedy, etc. We indicate the wide viewpoint meaning virus spread. Furthermore, we introduce the latch circuit for virus-forming variant and associate with the extended--pico-particle water since I research and developed for more than ten years.

Keyword: KP.3 virus; mutant; spike protein; amino acids; extended--pico-particle water

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines disaster as any natural, technological or human-induced event that causes a serious disruption in the functioning of a community or society, exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources, and causes widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses [1].

In order for an event to be defined as a disaster, normal life must be interrupted and the resource capacity of the society to cope with the event must be exceeded. Over time, people's perspective on disasters has changed due to the increasing importance given to human life, technological and scientific developments, and it has been seen that disasters can be prevented or overcome with minimal damage if the necessary precautions are taken [2].

In the 21st century, there are ten factors that can cause disasters due to the increase in both risks and fragility. These are: population growth, environmental degradation, global warming, deforestation, infectious diseases, hazardous substances, chemical warfare, nuclear substances, economic inequality and ethnic or religious discrimination [3].

On the other hand, development, which is the most important factor in terms of disaster resilience, is still far away for many countries. The wealth gap between countries is widening, and poor countries are getting poorer. According to experts, although natural events develop independently of people, whether they will cause a disaster is determined by society. How much harm will be caused by a hazard depends on the distribution of power and resources within that society. The poor always suffer the most from disasters [4].

Haqua Revitalize^® Therapy (HART) has significant effects on the psychological processes of the human body, enhancing emotional well-being. Here are some keyways in which HART influences psychological processes:

     Emotional health, one of the Five Aspects of Health (FAH), plays a crucial role in our overall well-being. It revolves around how individuals manage and cope with their emotions in response to the incidents and challenges they face in daily life. Emotional well-being, also referred to as emotional health or wellness, is a key component of our overall health and quality of life [23].

The main advantage of systematic review (SR) over other review types, such as narrative review, is its transparent and rigorous approach to minimize bias and ensure future replicability. Reproducibility, comprehensiveness, and transparency are the 3 keys to minimize bias. Reproducibility and transparency are deemed more important than comprehensiveness as missing literature may be identifiable from a reproducible and transparent SR lacking comprehensiveness but missing literature cannot be identified from a comprehensive SR lacking reproducibility and/or transparency. Hence, a SR lacking reproducibility and/or transparency is a narrative review. Several studies on published SRs report poor reproducibility and transparency. Here, we examine a sample of 100 SRs published in 2023 and indexed within PubMed for reproducibility and transparency on 10 criteria - 7 for reproducibility and 3 for transparency. In terms of reproducibility, our results show that only 31 SRs gave sufficient information for reconstructed searches in PubMed to yield search results within 10% of the hits reported. In terms of transparency, none of the SRs provided the full list of search results and only 5 SRs provided sufficient information to determine which study is excluded by which exclusion criterion. Hence, our results support previous studies reporting poor reproducibility and transparency in SRs. We propose that search URLs should be given whenever possible, and the full list of search results with inclusion / exclusion analysis should be given in all cases.

Background: Cancer is commonly associated with depression and depressive symptoms. Depressive disorders often worsen over the course of cancer treatment, persist after cancer therapy, recur with the recurrence of cancer and impact on function and medical outcomes. We aimed at assessing whether depression management could happen at the cancer center without referral to the mental health clinic.

Methods and materials: We conducted a quasi-experimental study for screening and treatment of depressive symptoms among patients living with cancer, who were attending oncology services at Kamuzu Central Hospital between May, 2021 and August, 2022. The intervention arm had screen and treat for depressive symptoms as an integrated approach to cancer care within the study site while the comparison arm had screen and refer patients diagnosed with depressive symptoms to usual mental health clinic. Patients were followed-up for six months and health related quality of life was measured using Euroqol-5 dimession-3 levels tool during each visit. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.

Results: There were 214 participants in the study; 112 in the comparison and 102 in the intervention group. The majority (65%) were females and at least 36% of the participants were in the middle age group (26-45 years); 29% of the participants had unknown HIV status. Participants of high socio-economic status were twice more likely to report poor quality of life than those with lower socio-economic status 1.99 (95% CI: 1-12-3.53, p<0.02). Employed participants were less likely to report poor quality of life 0.62 (95% CI: 0.42-0.90, p<0.01). Poor quality of life was steadily declining with each successive clinic visit, 0.07 (95% CI: 0.05-0.10, p< 0.001) and there were similar patterns of improvement in quality of life between study arms, 1.06 (95% CI:0.73-1.54, p<0.77).

Conclusion: Depression screening and treatment could be integrated within the cancer care for improved quality of life in Malawi. While persons accessing care within hospital can benefit from HIV testing and referral for treatment if found HIV positive, Malawian cancer patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital might not have benefitted from these services as a handful of participants in our study had not been tested.

Keywords: Quality of life; Cancer; Depression

Background: Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders in patients living with cancer worldwide. An understanding of the prevalence of depressive disorders among this sub-group of patients should inform both its prevention and management. There is currently little evidence on correlates of depressive disorders amongst the persons living with cancer in Malawi. Therefore, we conducted this study to estimate prevalence and correlates of probable major depressive disorder among patients living with cancer at a National Cancer Center based at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH), Lilongwe in Malawi.