An Overview of Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea with a Comparison of Existing Treatments
Abdulrahmaan Alhumedy, Kevin B Sneed and Yashwant Pathak*
Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa FL 33612, USA
Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author: Yashwant Pathak, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa FL 33612, USA.
Published: June 20, 2023
DOI: 10.55162/MCMS.05.136
Abstract
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Hypopnea is a disorder that is quite prevalent across the globe. It is defined as recurring temporary cessation of breathing. OSA/Hypopnea is diagnosed through the Epworth Sleepiness scale and STOP-Bang questionnaire and is followed by a sleep study involving a polysomnograph and electroencephalogram to utilize the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) for the severity of a patient’s OSA/Hypopnea. The long-term consequences of untreated OSA/Hypopnea includes altered mental status, sleep deprivation, mood changes, cardiovascular disease to mention a few. The common treatments to address this problem are CPAP, orthodontic devices (MAD, TRD), and surgical intervention (orthognathic surgery with maxillomandibular advancement). The etiologies of the disorder had to be reviewed to be able to correctly identify the best route of treatment. It was identified that CPAP and OMFS surgery are the golden standards of treatment depending if the patient had modified or unmodified factors.
Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea; Hypoapnea; cessation of breathing; mental status; sleep deprivation; surgical interventions; orthodontic devices