Bacteriological Profile of Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Women at the Atakora Departmental Hospital, Benin
Aikou Arielle, Aikou Nadine and Aikou Nicolas
Published: February 01, 2022
Abstract
Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common infectious disease in humans after respiratory diseases [1]. In pregnant women, any UTI is by definition at risk of complication [1]. Urinary tract infection (UTI) can have harmful consequences for the mother and the fetus. It can manifest itself in three forms: gravidic urinary tract colonization, acute gravidic cystitis and acute gravidic pyelonephritis (AP). The urine cytobacteriological examination (UCE) is the only way to confirm the diagnosis and to guide the treatment. It is also by far the most frequently requested examination from a microbiology laboratory [2].
Objectives: The aim of our study is to establish the bacteriological profile of germs involved in urinary tract infections in pregnant women at the Departmental Hospital Center of Atacora, Northwestern BENIN from March to October 2021.
Methods: This is a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical focus that included 192 ECBU samples collected from pregnant women in prenatal consultation at the Departmental Hospital Center of ATACORA. On these samples we performed the following examinations: ECBU followed by antibiogram.
Results: The study revealed that out of 192 ECBU 19 were positive, i.e. a frequency of 9.9%. This result was confirmed by [3] and [4] who found 10% and 9.9% respectively. The most frequent germ was Escherichia coli (68.4%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (21.1%) and finally Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.5%). However, we found a resistance to (90.1%) ampicillin and a sensitivity to (100%) ceftriaxone in Gram-negative bacteria, in Gram-positive bacteria we noted an effective activity of third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones.
Conclusion: The results of this study allow us to highlight the problem of treatment of urinary tract infections in pregnant women. In the absence of bacterial identification and antibiogram, the problem of the choice of antibiotics arises. One possibility is to choose the less expensive aminopenicillins, knowing that very few of the isolated strains are sensitive to amoxicillin and that the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is only active on a small proportion of the isolated strains. The choice of other more active antibiotics is limited, either by the numerous contraindications (quinolones), or by their high cost, especially the third generation cephalosporins
Keywords: Urinary tract infection, Bacteria; Asymptomatic bacteriuria; Acute gravid cystitis; Acute gravid pyelonephritis