Nutritional, Therapeutic, and Functional Applications of Sorghum: A Comprehensive Review

Nupur Sinha* and Anju Thomas
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Acharya Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India
*Corresponding Author: Dr Nupur Sinha, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Acharya Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Road, Soldevanahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Published: February 08, 2025

DOI: 10.55162/MCMS.08.272

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Abstract  

Sorghum is a nutrient-rich cereal grain with bioactive compounds that offer numerous health benefits. Key bioactive constituents include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and dietary fiber, which contribute to its functional food properties. Sorghum contains phenolic acids like ferulic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids, which act as antioxidants, reducing oxidative stress linked to heart disease, cancer, and inflammation. Flavonoids such as luteolin and apigenin possess neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties and support cardiovascular health by reducing arterial plaque buildup. Colored sorghum varieties are rich in condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), which exhibit antioxidant activity, improve gut health, lower cholesterol, and potentially aid in weight management. Sorghum is high in dietary fiber, promoting healthy digestion, regulating blood glucose, and supporting gut microbiota. Policosanols in sorghum help lower LDL cholesterol and improve lipid metabolism, contributing to cardiovascular health and weight management. Other phytochemicals like phytic acid, polyphenols, and sterols reduce the risk of chronic diseases due to their antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering effects. Nutritionally, sorghum is high in protein (9-13%), dietary fiber (6%), and essential minerals such as magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, and iron. It also contains B-complex vitamins, vitamin E, and essential fatty acids like oleic and linoleic acid. Sorghum’s nutritional profile supports growth, metabolism, and disease prevention, particularly in managing cardiovascular health, weight, and cancer risk. Sorghum's hardiness, low input requirements, and nutritional value make it a sustainable crop ideal for addressing food security and climate adaptability. Its resilience to environmental stresses positions it as a critical component in sustainable agriculture, supporting global food systems amidst environmental challenges.

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