Role of Compression Garments in Medical Applications
N Gokarneshan1* and C Kayalvizhi2
1Professor and Head, Department of Textile Chemistry, SSM College of Engineering, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
2Department of Textile Technology, RVS College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
*Corresponding Author: N Gokarneshan, Professor and Head, Department of Textile Chemistry, SSM College of Engineering, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: July 12, 2025
Abstract
Compression garments are being used in applications such as socks, tights, and sleeves, and have been intended to apply pressure to muscles and tissues, so as to enhance circulation, decrease swelling, and potentially improve recovery after exercise. Despite their wide range of uses in sports, their effectiveness and benefits need to be explored further and research is on to explore their potential.
The medical benefits of compression garments can be listed as below.
Better blood circulation
Compression garments can increase venous return, helping to move blood back to the heart, and improve blood flow to muscles.
Mitigate swelling
Through application of pressure, they can help reduce fluid accumulation in tissues, potentially decreasing swelling.
Faster Recovery
Certain investigations reveal they may help reduce post-exercise muscle soreness and fatigue, potentially leading to quicker recovery between workouts.
Potential Performance Enhancements
Some research indicates that compression garments can improve running economy, potentially leading to faster running speeds, though this is not universally supported.
Injury Prevention
Some athletes use them to prevent re-injury or reduce symptoms of existing sports injuries, according to a study in BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation.
Demerits
Compression garments despite having innumerable advantages also suffer setbacks listed as below.
Not Universally Supported
While some studies show positive effects, others have found no significant impact on performance or recovery.
Potential for Negative Effects
Wearing compression garments too tightly or for extended periods could potentially hinder blood flow or cause discomfort.
Individual Variability
The effectiveness of compression garments may vary depending on individual factors, such as the type of exercise, training level, and specific garment characteristics.
Placebo Effect
Some researchers suggest that the perceived benefits of compression garments may be due to a placebo effect, where athletes believe they are helping with recovery.
In summary, compression garments can potentially offer benefits for circulation, recovery, and injury prevention, but more research is needed to fully understand their effectiveness and potential drawbacks.