Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in India: A Narrative Review on the Role and Impact of Ergonomic Interventions

Bhavna Anand¹*, Rajesh Ramchandani² and Jyoti Sahni^3
1Chief Consultant Physiotherapist, BJM Health, India
²Chairman, BJM Health, India
³Senior Physiotherapist, BJM Health, India
*Corresponding Author: Bhavna Anand, Chief Consultant Physiotherapist, BJM Health, India.

Published: July 03, 2025

DOI: 10.55162/MCMS.09.298

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Abstract  

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent approximately 33.8% of work-related health conditions in India, significantly contributing to occupational morbidity. This narrative review explores the economic burden posed by MSDs in sectors such as healthcare, information technology, construction, and agriculture. A focused cost-benefit analysis of ergonomic interventions—including physical workplace redesign, administrative controls, and digital tools—is presented, with evidence supporting productivity gains and a return on investment (ROI) of up to 15:1. Based on empirical studies and sector-specific data, this review proposes evidence-based ergonomic strategies to guide employers, policymakers, and occupational health practitioners in mitigating MSD prevalence and optimizing workforce performance in India.

Keywords: Musculoskeletal Disorders; Ergonomic Interventions; Workplace Health; India; Occupational Safety; Cost-Benefit Analysis

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