The scooter sharing system is a service that enables individuals to rent electric scooters for short term rides. The scooters are mostly electric motor scooters but there are some that are electric kick start. The purpose of this system is to transport people short distances in a safe and efficient way. This research was done to define and analyze the scooter sharing transportation system. System thinking is applied to understand, engineer and innovate the scooter sharing system. The scooter transportation system is defined as an interdependent constituent system that applies systemic tools and diagrams like systemigrams. These tools allow for the system properties to be studied along with the interrelationships. There will be different models of the scooter transportation system examined. The stakeholders will be examined to view the interconnections within the system.

We discuss an unsaturated fatty acid with the anticancer effect to start γ-linolenic acid, following a series of linoleic acids like arachidonic acid, an essential fatty acid to the body. On the other hand, heavy water, one of the hydrogen isotopes, relates to the Raman signal with biological materials added to suppress the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids. Specially processed water comes into our theme in connection with heavy water possessing neutron-decay characteristics, and the water changes the hydrogen in heavy water.

As an effective way of large-scale consumption of renewable energy for power generation, off grid hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis systems face multiple challenges in terms of stability and economic operation. The key is how to reasonably allocate the number of electrolytic cells and ammonia load to ensure stable operation of the system throughout the year. In response to these technical difficulties, this article constructs an 8760 hours renewable energy electric hydrogen synthesis ammonia production simulation model that comprehensively considers the abandonment rate and load stability. A reasonable operation planning method for the number of electrolytic cell startups and ammonia load has been proposed. On the premise of ensuring compliance with system constraints, the model can dynamically adjust the number of start-up units, optimize ammonia load, and achieve efficient utilization of wind and solar resources. To verify the actual effectiveness of this method, this article selects a specific case study from Da'an District, Jilin Province for analysis. The results indicate that the planning method proposed in this article not only successfully simulated the production process of ammonia through electric hydrogen synthesis based on 8760 hours of off grid renewable energy, but also significantly improved the rationality of the off-grid system.

Keywords: Renewable energy; Off-grid system; Electric hydrogen production; Synthetic ammonia

The transformative implications of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the teaching and learning fraternity has necessitated its integration in the classroom, globally. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the quest for integration in individual school contexts remains an uphill task despite ICT integration being a policy prerogative in a number of countries. This survey has the sole objective of unpacking how the teaching and learning process has been affected due to lack of ICT resources. By use of a simple questionnaire, the researcher made use of semi-structured interviews in order to solicit data from educators in selected South African primary schools. The interviews were transcribed manually and coded. The data analysis process was conducted by use of a thematic mode of analysis. The findings demonstrated that, due to several reasons, many schools do not make use of ICT tools in teaching and learning, as expected, and in most cases, they do not maximise the use of the existing resources, thus affecting the teaching and learning processes. The reasearcher recommends that the South African Department of Basic Education (DBE) seriously take into consideration individual school contexts when allocating ICT resources in order to try and mitigate the challenges. Stepping up monitoring and evaluation mechanisms that currently exist will help identify contextual challenges and help with providing assistance where necessary. Security issues also call for schools to team up with local communities to try and fight the theft and vandalisation of IT resources. All these measures are meant to facilitate the preservation and use of ICT resources in the classroom for the improvement of the learning process.

Keywords: Primary education; ICT integration; information and communication technology; teaching and learning

In the fast-paced landscape of contemporary education, Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) education stands as a vanguard aimed at equipping students with the skills required for the 21st century. Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) alone has proven to miss several components that are critical for children and students to thrive in the 21^st century economy, in terms of application, creation, innovation and ingenuity. As such, STEAM can complete the package of benefits to students by integrating arts principles, which allows them to connect their learning to wonder, critique, inquiry, and innovation. While STEAM education is increasingly recognized as a crucial educational approach, the precise role of research within it and how it can be effectively formalized remains a topic of inquiry. In recent years, there have been emerging methodologies that integrate STEAM in education, and which offer pedagogical alternatives that are more holistic and attractive, and which offer prospects to formalize research in science education. This qualitative systematic review embarks on an exploration of the pivotal role of reading and research within STEAM education, addressing the need to formalize innovation in science education. Data for this systematic review have been sourced from peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and reports that focus on qualitative research within STEM and STEAM education. The systematic review involved data extraction, coding, and thematic analysis using the COSTAQDA cloud-based software.

Keywords: Innovation; Research; STEM; STEAM

A few network security communities of security practitioners, researchers, hackers, attackers etc. frequently use Black-Listed IP addresses; they also use them as target IP addresses for exercising various network attacks while learning and practicing hacking or security analysis. These IP addresses may be in previous few occasions black-listed or blocked; if not, they may get eventually be black-listed too. A few ISPs in developing and least developing countries purchase such black-listed or blocked IP addresses (BLIP) in much cheaper price and distribute to their Internet users.

There are risks of using BLIPs as the community of white-hat and black-hat hackers, intentionally or being unknown that the IP addresses they have been using no longer belong to them, may still be using them as the target as usual. Thus, the Internet clients using BLIPs (assigned by their ISPs) may be victimized of various attacks without knowing that their computers and network devices have been assigned with bad IP addresses. There are professional and legal issues too in addition to the issue of business ethics and they must be addressed in a proper manner. Here, in this editorial, I am proposing network security approaches to mitigate risks occurring in using such addresses. The ISPs can implement these approaches while the issues are being resolved.

During the intense pandemic, a new and initially unpopular concept emerged: working from home. As everyone was forced to stay inside, businesses couldn't come to a halt. So, a new way of working was introduced: setting up virtual offices at home, allowing employees to work and communicate with colleagues online. Although the traditional office environment was missing, many companies found that employees' productivity increased significantly.

Interestingly, after the pandemic, many companies introduced a hybrid working model. This approach allowed employees to choose where they wanted to work based on their mood and preferences. I acknowledge the boost in productivity, but it came with its own set of challenges. Creating a suitable work environment at home was difficult. Background noises, such as family disputes, often disrupted virtual meetings. Additionally, internet issues were widespread as everyone was using the internet at home. In India, technical advancements were limited, making it challenging to solve these problems. Despite these hurdles, employees managed to adapt, stabilizing the industry.

Third places are those which have emerged to become points of positive social interaction between users of cities. They allow more connection between people in a way that fills the blank in communities. This paper tracks, studies and analyses types of third places along time and how they have been formed to fulfill and suit needs of people. It also compares between different types regarding communities and users. It hypothesizes that suitable third places differ from a place to another according to types of users.

Keywords: Third Places; Social Interaction; Connection

Cement has been a part of almost everything that man has built to improve his life. The chemistry and technology involved in its production have significantly contributed to the development of the world that we have today. The cement industry is one of the largest industrial energy consumers, contributing significantly to global CO2 emissions. Enhancing energy efficiency in the cement industry is crucial due to its high energy consumption and significant carbon emissions. The industry is responsible for approximately 7-8% of global CO2 emissions, making energy efficiency improvements a key strategy for reducing its environmental impact. The present paper will study the energy consumption in cement industry in Nigeria through real auditing and identify technological opportunities in order to decrease energy consumption of the relevant factories, increase the productivity, and improve the production process. Relevant standards planned by government that can provide significant potentials, are discussed too, Moreover, the results prove that consulting sector experts enables the collection of updated ideas for improving technologies, thus giving valuable inputs to the scientific research. One of the challenges for the cement industry in developing countries is the wet manufacturing process. Outdated technologies consume a huge amount of energy, which negatively affects the competitiveness of products. In addition to switching to a dry process in cement production, our engineering company implements other projects leading to increase the efficiency of existing cement plants. This includes the modernization of cement kilns, the introduction of vertical cement mills, as well as the design and installation of renewable energy equipment. The increase in production and efficiency is reflected in the achievement of the impressive financial results that our customers demonstrate shortly after modernization.

Keywords: Cement Industry; Energy Efficiency; CO2 Emissions; Industrial Energy

The operating temperature of photovoltaic cells is an important parameter that influences their conversion efficiency. High operating temperatures greatly determine the maximum output power for the same conditions of solar radiation. In this paper a numerical approach have been conducted on a tandem solar cell of area 50x50 mm² so as to analyse the temperature variation of a solar cell kept in a tandem. This paper includes three tandem solar cells with different combinations of the top cell and bottom cell. A detailed study of thermal analysis on various type of tandem solar cells is carried out in the hilly regions. The tandem solar cells considered are mono- crystalline silicon-MAPbI₃ tandem, mono-crystalline silicon-MAPbBr₃ tandem and MAPbI₃ - MAPbBr₃ tandem. The trend in temperature variation with time is witnessed wherein the temperature difference between the top cell and bottom cell is also observed. The efficiency of the cells are calculated individually and the efficiency of the tandem is also calculated. The thermo physical property values used in the paper like thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and density were collected and chosen from different papers mentioned in the reference. All the calculation’s data that is the temperature, input power and the efficiency of tandem solar cell is with respect to the solar irradiation for the coordinate 88.6138 °E, 27.3314 °N GMT +5:30. The solar power and efficiency for different tandem cells has been compared for the whole day starting from 10 AM to 5 PM for a week. From the study the maximum power conversion efficiency obtained for MAPbI₃ - MAPbBr₃ tandem is 43.78% and minimum for silicon-MAPbI₃ tandem is 35.25%. The average power obtained highest for MAPbI₃ - MAPbBr₃ is 55.79W and lowest for silicon-MAPbI₃ tandem is 45.08W. The solar flux intensity is gradually increases and then decreases from 10 AM to 5 PM, the peak value of 908 W/m² is obtained at 11 AM of the day.

Keywords: Mono-crystalline silicon-MAPbI₃ tandem; silicon-MAPbBr₃ tandem; MAPbI₃ - MAPbBr₃ tandem solar cells; Power conversion efficiency; thermal analysis; simulation

The advent of ChatGPT and other generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools has sparked significant discourse in academic writing, raising both opportunities and challenges. This study examines the impact of ChatGPT on academic writing, particularly in higher education, with a focus on South Africa but extending a global perspective. The primary concerns revolve around the accuracy of AI-generated content and ethical issues like plagiarism, which threaten academic integrity. The problem statement identifies the core issue as the ethical and effective integration of ChatGPT in academic writing, affecting students, faculty, and researchers who utilize these tools. The purpose of this research is to critically analyze the challenges and benefits of using ChatGPT in academic writing and to develop recommendations for its ethical and effective use. Utilizing a systematic review methodology with a mapping review design, the study synthesizes literature from 22 countries, providing a broad understanding of the global perspective on GAI tools in academia.

The findings reveal that while ChatGPT can significantly enhance productivity, improve language support for non-native English speakers, and provide immediate feedback, it also poses risks related to plagiarism, accuracy, and over-reliance on AI. Ethical concerns are paramount, with the need for transparent disclosure of AI use, proper attribution, and policies to prevent misuse. To address these issues, the study proposes the OTHA (Openness, Transparency, Honesty, and Accountability) Framework. This framework aims to guide the ethical integration of ChatGPT by fostering a collaborative approach, ensuring transparency in AI use, promoting ethical training, and establishing accountability mechanisms. The study recommends comprehensive policies, targeted training, equitable access to AI tools, and regular monitoring and evaluation to ensure responsible AI use in academic settings. By implementing these recommendations, educational institutions can leverage the benefits of ChatGPT while maintaining academic integrity and promoting inclusive educational practices.

Keywords: Academic Writing; Artificial Intelligence; ChatGPT; Education Policy; Generative AI; Higher Education

Antenna designers are constantly challenged with the temptation to search for optimum solutions for complex Electromagnetic device designs. The ever- increasing advances in computational power have fuelled this temptation. The well-known brute force design methodologies are systematically being replaced by the state-of-the-art optimization techniques. The ability of using numerical methods to accurately and efficiently characterize the relative quality of a particular design has excited the EM engineers to apply stochastic global Evolutionary optimizers (EO). The EO techniques have been applied with growing applications to the design of Electromagnetic systems of increasing complexity. The recent popularity experienced by EO methods is not unique to the field of Electromagnetics. Among various EO techniques, the Improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) has attracted considerable attention. These schemes are finding popularity within Electromagnetic community as design tools and problem solvers because of their versatility and ability to optimize in complex multimodal search spaces applied to non-differentiable cost functions. The overall radiation pattern of the antenna array can be shaped by the structure of the array, distance between the elements and its amplitude and phase excitations. Synthesis of linear arrays have been extensively studied from the past decades. Applied to linear antenna array optimization to optimize the excitation weights and element positions for better side lobe level reduction and advanced null control have been studied. IPSO has been used to non-uniformly optimize the element positions to produce a minimum side lobe level with no back lobes pattern of the linear antenna array. The design of linear array for applications in Wi-Max (World wide Interoperability for Microwave access) base stations for improved signal to interference ratio, lower cost, resistance to multipath and fading, improved co-channel Interference, enhanced frequency reuse, improved spectral efficiency and space-time diversity for MIMO channels in Wireless communications is a burning topic of discussion nowadays in the Electromagnetic Community.

Epilepsy monitoring equipment has recently shown innovative promises for metaverse-integrated devices tailored for professional pediatric use. The specification emphasizes critical biomechanical elements, including structure-to-topology optimization, for weight and durability. Key components are collected by a scoped review of books from the identification used for the design. Key components reveal high-stress areas, optimize material efficiency, and ensure biocompatibility through careful material selection. Ergonomics and comfort are prioritized for long-term wear by children, along with considerations for the device's lifespan and durability. The device's integration with Metaverse facilitates real-time monitoring and more extended data collection. The specification also outlines qualification and validation protocols. Further refinement could benefit from additional details, as simulating sensor placement, specific wear locations, and data on typical wear patterns and stress points.

Keywords: Biomechanics; User Requirements; IoT-based device; Epilepsy monitoring; Mechanical design

The effects of multiple earthquakes of different frequency content on the global response of steel building are presented in this paper. Multiple earthquakes forming sequences as mainshock-aftershock pairs, three (3) steel moment resisting frames of 10-storey (H10), 15-storey (H15) and 20-storey (H20) were analyzed according to the code provisions of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016 using sequential nonlinear response history analyses. The frequency content of mainshock and aftershock records were varied based on the PGA/PGV ratio. The result produced expected differences in structural responses conditional on the frequency content and the dynamic characteristics of each model. The outcome is measurable differences in the structural response, with the inter-storey drift and other structural response parameters changing due to the different frequency characteristics of the aftershocks. It is expected that the conclusions drawn in this paper will lead to an improvement of the IS 1893 with regards to multiple earthquake effect for an improved design and construction of steel frame structures in India, which will lead to better seismic performance.

Keywords: foreshock; aftershock; ground motion; frequency content; steel building; earthquake

The X-ray is a fantastic invention that has found widespread use in the medical area and as a metal detector, among other things. However, because the conventional X-ray generating technique requires a high voltage of several kilovolts, it is expensive. Here, we've presented a reliable technique that makes use of quantum technology to produce X-rays with just a few volts. In addition, we have implemented an X-ray method for the identification of lung and breast cancer. The next step is precisely positioning gold nanowires for tailored drug delivery. The interaction of light with metal nanoparticles has been studied for a very long time, both theoretically and experimentally. Silver and gold nanoparticles, which usually have sizes between 5 and 150 nm, are very interesting because they have the ability to modify their binding affinity. This means that the formulation of the nanoparticles may be perfectly matched to a particular type of cancer by excitation with the resonance of the generated X-ray spectrum range. On the other hand, when these particles are arranged as grating elements in a gold nanowire network structure (AuNW), several interesting occurrences take place.

Keywords: Molecular FCN; QHO; X-ray; AuNW; Targeted drug delivery

In the Republic of Guinea, many populations still suffer of water shortages today, particularly in the capital Conakry. The reasons include the rapid increase in population and the lack of water supply infrastructure as well as the degradation of certain fresh water resources due to human activities. In this context, new water supply technologies must be considered. This paper propose a model for transforming seawater into drinking water. The method used is thermal distillation. To achieve this objective, seawater samples were collected in Banares beach to determine the physicochemical parameters before and after treatment using electrometric and nephelometric experimental technic. Ten (10) liters of seawater were treated and 1.5 liters obtained after thermal distillation process. The seawater physicochemical parameters were compared before and after treatment. The results shown dissolved salt rate went from 95g/l to 0.7g/l after treatment (thermal distillation). The pH varied from 5.56 to 6.89 respectively before and after treatment (thermal distillation) showing a decrease of the seawater acidity. The conductivity before and after treatment are respectively 174300 and 1402 µs/cm indicating a drastic reduction of the seawater conductivity. The turbidity varied from 92.7 to 1.11 UTN respectively before and after treatment

Keywords: Model; Desalination; Distillation; Seawater; Thermal; Transformation

This editorial explores the implementation of Digital Twin technology in personalized medicine. By creating virtual replicas of physical assets, Digital Twins enable real-time monitoring and data analysis, leading to significant improvements in equipment reliability and performance. This technology facilitates early detection of potential failures, reduces downtime, and optimizes maintenance schedules. Digital Twin technology stands out as a game-changer, bridging the gap between the physical and virtual worlds. A Digital Twin is a highly detailed virtual model that serves as the real-time digital counterpart of a physical object or system. This innovative technology has found applications across various sectors, from manufacturing to urban planning. However, its most promising and transformative impact is being witnessed in the field of healthcare.

     In the grand tapestry of human achievement, engineering stands as a shining thread, weaving together innovation, ingenuity, and imagination to create magnificent structures, revolutionary technologies, and awe-inspiring advancements. From the towering skyscrapers that pierce the heavens to the intricate circuitry that powers our modern world, engineering is the backbone of civilization, propelling us forward into a future of limitless possibilities.

     At its core, engineering is a testament to the power of human creativity and intellect. It is the art of turning dreams into reality, of transforming abstract ideas into concrete solutions. It is a discipline that demands precision, perseverance, and passion, as engineers strive to push the boundaries of what is possible and defy the limits of what can be achieved.

A proto-persona, which represents a target audience or user segment, is an initial or rudimentary iteration of a persona. It is a conceptual frame-work that encompasses fundamental attributes, actions, requirements, and aspirations of a cohort of users. Proto-personas are typically created early in the product development process, often based on assumptions, prior knowledge, or limited research. The limitations of the participant who creates the proto persona can compromise the quality and effectiveness of the personas, leading to decisions that are not well-informed or aligned with the needs of the users. Biases, limited perspective, incomplete information, skill level, limited resources, and communication challenges can compromise the quality of proto personas, leading to inaccurate representations of the target audience. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help improve the quality of proto-persona as well can expedite the creation process by analyzing the vast amounts of data to provide comprehensive demographic details, mitigating biases and enriching proto persona creation with di-verse insights, thus enhancing the accuracy and inclusivity of the personas. The paper provides an insight into the real-world experiment of proto-persona creation using OpenAI tuned-model.

Keywords: Design thinking; persona; artificial intelligence

Living and Mobility 2030 (LiMo 2030) is a completely new living and vehicle concept with the potential to revolutionise urban mobility. It combines the advantages of a private car (own passenger compartment) with the traffic-related benefits of car sharing - all this in a convenient (barrier-free), sustainable (parking spaces become green spaces!) and cost-effective (no underground car parks required) way.

Keywords: Sustainable mobility; modular vehicle concept; car sharing

Co-operatives have proved to be one of the driving forces in the socio-economic empowerment of its members. The Government of Tanzania has been implementing the Poverty Reduction Strategy by encouraging people to form co-operatives in order to improve their economic prospects. Establishing a primary co-operative society involves a process which passes through district co-operative office, regional co-operative office and the registrar of co-operatives’ office at the national level. These processes bring about the issue of documentation and records keeping. The processing of records is done manually by using pen and papers, or electronically using computers, smart phones and cameras. The research work essentially used questionnaire, interview, observation and document review to gather data. Findings of this study show that 8 out of 13 respondents (61.5%) responded to physically visit co-operative offices to acquire existing records about co-operative societies. This vividly explains use of manual procedure for co-operative records management thus leading to unsolved challenges such as; data inaccuracy and inconsistency, bureaucracy during physical access, money and time consumption due to geographical challenges, lack of transparence, and improper presentation of co-operative information in request. This ongoing research work proposes a web-mobile approach named Co-operative Records Management System (CRMS). CRMS will offer a solution which enable District Co-operative officers (DCOs) to record, process and generate electronic reports on co-operative societies’ records thus mitigating challenges about, but not limited to; time wastage, inconsistency in recording financial records as well as reducing costs for data acquisition. Therefore, this paper explores methods to enhance co-operative records management through web-mobile solutions, as evidenced in the Kilimanjaro region, and presents a proposed design solution.

Keywords: Information Systems; Co-operative society; Information management; Record keeping; CRMS; Co-operative management

     In the ever-evolving world of software development and cloud computing, multi-tenant systems have emerged as a fundamental architecture for delivering scalable, cost-effective, and flexible solutions. These systems, which allow multiple users or organisations to share the same computing resources while maintaining data isolation and privacy, are at the heart of many Software as a Service (SaaS) platforms and cloud applications.

     At its core, a multi-tenant system allows different tenants; individuals or organisations, to access a single instance of a software application, with each tenant's data isolated from others. This design contrasts with single-tenant systems, where each customer has their own dedicated instance. By leveraging shared infrastructure, multi-tenancy provides significant advantages in terms of resource utilisation and cost efficiency. This architecture not only reduces the overhead associated with maintaining multiple instances but also optimises the use of available resources, making it a preferred choice for many service providers.

     The global warming, which is driven by the human activities and increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases viz. CO₂ and methane, poses significant risks worldwide. These risks include but are not limited to the rising levels of the oceans, disruptive weather conditions, and chaos to ecosystems and biodiversity. These changes are severe threat to the natural environments, health of human and animal kingdom, food security, and economic stability (IPCC, 2021).

     Having worked in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for over a decade, specializing in sustainability and environmental projects, I have observed the transformative impact of landscaping construction on addressing these challenges. My involvement in some of Dubai and Abu Dhabi’s largest greenery and park projects has provided insights into how strategic landscaping can help mitigate global warming.

     Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing the way we interact with information. But these powerful tools do not operate in a vacuum. We need instructions to guide LLMs towards the desired outcome. This is where prompt engineering comes in. LLMs are trained on massive datasets of text and code. While this imbues them with vast knowledge, it doesn't guarantee they will understand our specific requests. A poorly written request can send the LLM into a rabbit hole, resulting in meaningless or irrelevant text.

     Prompt engineering is a technique in artificial intelligence (AI) that optimizes and fine-tunes language models for specific activities and intended outcomes. Also known as prompt design, it is the act of carefully creating prompts or inputs for AI models in order to improve their performance on specific tasks. Prompts are used to instruct and fine-tune the AI system's desired behaviour, as well as to acquire accurate and desirable responses from AI models. Generative AI systems, powered by transformer architectures, are designed to produce specific outputs based on the quality of provided prompts. Prompt engineering ensures that these AI models comprehend and respond effectively to a wide range of queries, from simple to highly technical. The fundamental rule is simple: good prompts yield good results.

In spite of the budding interest of researchers, policymakers and practitioners, there are still differing and disjointed conceptualizations of sustainable regional and trans-border infrastructure (SRTBI) as its meadow is still emerging. In an effort to fill this research gap, this study reviews and synthesizes SRTBI research to identify core publication vents and papers, key theoretical and methodological approaches, and key variables of interest that exist in the SRTBI literature, and provides directions for future research.

Aluminum alloys have received wide attention in the field of industry in recent times due to their lightweight, high resistance to corrosion, and ease of formation. In addition to their availability and affordability, the problems that occur in the welding of aluminum by traditional methods make the friction stir welding process one of the most important welding processes. This solid-state welding process was discovered in 1991 by TUW and is widely used in the welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys. In our research, we welded two important aluminum alloys in the industry (A7075/AA6061) with a thickness of 3mm. We changed some welding process parameters, including tool pin length, feed rate, and rotational speed. After placing an alloy (AA 6061) in the advanced side and tilting the tool, we examined the welded samples to find out the effect of the aforementioned parameters on the tensile strength and resulting hardness. We found that the length of the tool pin has the greatest influence on these properties, as they increase with the increase in the length of the pin. We also noted that the rotation speed and feed rate have a joint effect on the mechanical properties. The highest hardness was obtained at feed rates of 20 and 45 mm/min and rotational speeds of 1200 and 900 rpm, respectively. The highest tensile strength of 209 Mpa was obtained at a rotation speed of 1200 rpm and a feed rate of 20 mm/min.

Keywords: Friction stir welding; pin length; AA7075 and AA6061 aluminum alloys

This article introduces CiesMap software, developed in Visual Studio 2022, designed to collect and manage information about photovoltaic systems (PV systems) in Cuba. It was applied in the diagnostic assessment of PV systems in the municipality of Guamá, Santiago de Cuba. CiesMap enables the recording of technical data such as location, generation capacity, and operational status of PV systems. Using an interactive satellite view through the GMap control, the software facilitates the identification of settlements and PV systems with color-coded markers. Moreover, CiesMap integrates with an Access database for storing and monitoring PV system information. This tool optimizes energy resource management, enhances strategic planning, and facilitates data-driven decision-making, thereby improving the operational efficiency of PV systems.

Keywords: CiesMap; Visual Studio; Database; C#; Photovoltaic Systems

Chemical-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) represents a pivotal technology in the petroleum industry, aimed at maximizing the extraction of hydrocarbons from reservoirs. Traditional oil recovery methods typically leave a substantial portion of the oil in the reservoir, making EOR techniques crucial for boosting extraction efficiency. Among the various chemical EOR methods, polymer flooding stands out due to its ability to improve the viscosity of the displacing fluid, thus enhancing the sweep efficiency and reducing the mobility ratio. This manuscript explores the application of polymeric composites in chemical EOR, highlighting their formulation, mechanisms, advantages, challenges, and recent advancements

Civil Engineers encounter serious problems when dealing with structures (buildings, roads, dams, etc.) built on gypsiferous soil or near-surface gypsum beds. However, gypsum (CaS0₄.2H₂O) in soil with small quantities is beneficial for plants, due to its soluble properties in the water. So it has two impacts on our lives; negative and positive. This article sheds some light on the economic impact of soil with high gypsum content. Such soil is distributed worldwide and some examples from Iraq are presented afterwards.

SOC(State of Charge) estimation for Lithium ion cell with LFP(Lithium iron phosphate) chemistry using different methods. The aim of this study was to get practically accurate results of SOC while tackling the hyped flat curve characteristics of LFP chemistry li-ion cells. Hence the project is divided in two phases the first one focuses on the literature review & the second one on selecting the best method and then implementing & comparing it in real cell dataset to predict the SOC accurately. The study was conducted using smart control algorithms to predict SOC. Data was collected from Kaggle. The results of the study (first phase) showed that double RC model and EKF are the most common techniques which were successfully used for industry R&D. The findings of this study contribute to the existing knowledge by applying the ideas/techniques from different papers & concluding on the best control algorithms to get accurate SOC for LFP cells. The results also have practical implications for how the flatness of Vocv vs SOC curve of LFP affects the prediction. The comparison of the NMC chemistry to LFP then gives clarity on problems with flat curve & possible solutions using filtering techniques like EKF, UKF etc. Overall, this project provides a comprehensive examination of characteristics of LFP and the results have the potential to be applied in industry and further could be used to make strategies for using LFP cells in battery pack.

Keywords: LFP; Li-ION; EV

The urbanization requirements of the modern world & the futuristic requirements of the smart Buildings seeking innovative & creative ideas in the ages of Reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures, which has been addressed through outrigger system. The outrigger system is one through which the tall RC Structures are benefited by high stiffness, structural framework, controlled excessive drift due to lateral load, Minimizes the risk of structural & Non structural damages, and increases the stiffness of buildings. In this article Analysis and Comparative Study of Reinforced Concrete Frame with Different Outrigger System was done by analysing the various RC Structures.

Hacking used to be linked with computer enthusiasts making positive improvements. But now, it has split into two sides: ethical and unethical practices. Originating from MIT's hacker culture, the paper examines the mindset, motivations, and influences behind the transition of hackers, in unauthorized and harmful activities, known as "black hat" hacking. Hackers, initially driven by a dream to enhance human life through computers, became divided into black hats and white hats, separated by a fuzzy gray line. While both possess technical expertise, black hats engage in bad activities driven by motivations such as financial gain, revenge, ideology, curiosity, ego, and enjoyment. Money and ego emerge as primary influencers leading hackers towards the black hat path. The study emphasizes the interplay of technical skills, human vulnerabilities, and hacking methods. Despite the negative impact, black hat activities unintentionally contribute to technological progress. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of understanding the human aspect of hacking in the evolving digital landscape.

Keywords: hacker; black hat; white hat; mindset; motivation; influence

Due to their unique ability of changing shape based on external stimulus, smart materials are finding applications in diverse fields like electronics, medical, construction etc. Smart materials include thermochromic pigments, shape memory polymers, shape memory alloys, self-healing materials and hydrogels. Self-healing materials are man-made substances that have an integral ability to spontaneously heal damages themselves without any diagnosis and human. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing has become popular all around the globe due to benefits like reduced wastage, ease of customization, rapid prototyping and direct production. Combined use of 3D printing and concept of smart materials have led to the development of 4D printing. This paper presents an overview of the smart materials and its detailed classification. An attempt is also made to present the application of additive manufacturing on smart materials and the latest research trends in the domain.

Keywords: Smart Materials; Shape Memory Alloys; Self-Healing Materials; Additive Manufacturing; 3D Printing; 4D Printing

In today's world, sustainability has become a paramount goal for addressing pressing environmental, social, and economic challenges. Engineers play a crucial role in this endeavor, as they possess the expertise and innovative mindset needed to develop sustainable solutions that promote the well-being of both present and future generations. From renewable energy systems to eco-friendly infrastructure, engineers are at the forefront of designing and implementing initiatives that contribute to a more sustainable and resilient world.

‘Green’ aptly means the eco-friendly sustainability and socio-ecological performance. Over the years ever increasing and dominating industrialisation led to environmental degradation impacting global socio-economic order, climate change and natural imbalance. Strategic issues like carbon footprint, energy crisis have been seriously debated targeting mission ‘Go green’ for net zero adopting green technology, practices and processes in industry. Globally, with India no exception, sincere and dedicated efforts are in place for an alternative to existing technological and growth processes and practices towards clean and green environment for sustainable development, growth, prosperity and well-being.

With the progress of civilization there is an always exponential demand for raw material utilization to sustain the materialistic requirement of the human race. With passage of time man learnt to process raw materials to produce final products of desired size and shape as per utility to suffice the needs of life and daily activities. The process of conversion of the raw material to a finished product is always assisted with waste generation. Depending on the raw materials grade, process route entrusted for manufacturing and professional practice at the concerned industrial unit, waste generation also varies. With passage of time there is an ever-increasing thrust on demands for more materials for various applications leading to stress on raw materials, their supply and logistics support. Raw materials are either to be mined out from natural resources or sometimes need to be re-processed out from wastes. With demand of various materials for products, there is waste generation of multitude dimension in every front which itself is a challenge. Waste management thus becomes an uttermost importance since unscientific disposal of wastes creates lot of problems and stress on land. Generally, wastes are coming from any industrial and municipal activities are either solid, liquid and gaseous form. It is not necessary that wastes are all useless they also contain several important constituents for use. For example: Blast Furnace slag, Steel melting shop slag have utility in construction sector as well as for fertilizers. Process optimization in connection with waste generation is now becoming a strong trend since raw materials are not of unlimited supply. Natural resources are executing signs of constraints in various forms like interrupted supply, unavailability of proper grade leading to difficulty and stress on research development for product maturation with lean grade materials. Working with lean grade materials involves lots of more energy and process upgradation which cause waste generation. Without proper scientific approach of waste handling, landfill problem is becoming more acute along with environmental pollution, soil conditioning problem and others which possess further chain of critical challenges for sustainability of various human activities including availability of proper agricultural land and forest coverage. As per law of conservation of mass, materials are constant in the universe either created or destroyed maintaining an equilibrium. Disturbance of equilibrium may shift the balance in either direction which may cause catastrophic impact on sustainability. With more focus on green energy sector, alternative methods of energy generation are under need which also cause more shift on different material processing with exploitation on different natural resources. Wastes should be treated like another source for extraction materials for our needs since natural source may got exhausted just like in the case of hydrocarbon and coal reserves. Recycling of different items or wastes addition during any process already in practice is coming up with supports of proven research and development. It leads to reduction in raw material demand as well as saving of energy leading to reduction of energy consumption for product development. Any sort of energy generation is found to be directly liked with green house gas emission which could be reduced by such practice and adoption of new techniques. Directly it would also control excessive mining activities that is required from extraction of materials from earth sources. Mine reclamation is now days in practice after the mine got exhausted of the reserves for the required time period. Mine reclamation is noted to be useful to regenerate natural conditions like soil, vegetation and other factors which may help in distant future for sustainability and maintenance of ecological balance. Thus, in brief it could be noted with vital interest that waste re-engineering for better utility and source, recycling of products and mine reclamation is linked in a certain chain or cycle which actually reduce energy consumption, green house gas emission, maintaining balance of optimum utilization of natural resources thus paving the pathway for better future and sustainable approach.

For the beyond few years research on gadget fault detection, prognosis and prognosis have been evolved hastily. Fault detection intends to decide the faults present within the monitored method, at the same time as fault diagnosis seeks to become aware of the reasons of the faults electrical machines factors are used in lots of industrial applications. The crucial thing to display the device and evaluate their safety and reliability. Fault detection is used to discover malfunctions in real time, as quickly and as in reality as possible. Vibration size is a nicely-set up method for circumstance monitoring of rotating machines because the vibration patterns range relying on the fault or system situation. this paper summarizes the latest techniques of fault detection and analysis in vibration dimension thru wavelets on device factors.

In accordance with the latest national standard, the dynamic characterization of bridges and viaducts has become mandatory: a necessary action for newly constructed works in terms of dynamic testing and strongly recommended in the case of verification of existing structures. Based on the experience acquired for over fifteen years, we want to classify the construction types according to the actions to which they are subjected in relation to the possibility of carrying out an efficient operational analysis. In other words, to describe the optimal solutions according to the constructive characteristics; that is, if the excitation of the wind alone is better, or if it is preferable to have it combined with road or rail traffic that occurs nearby and how much it is preferable to stay on a motorway overpass, rather than on a road along-side, but not in continuity, with another in which traffic has not been interrupted. The work aims to evaluate the type of transducers most suitable for performing OMA on this type of structure. Having established that accelerometers, although less resolute than velocimeters, allow better phase stability, we will evaluate which of them that are the best in terms of performance-cost, especially in terms of spectral noise compared to the magnitude to be measured. The potential and limitations of wireless solutions are also analyzed and compared with traditional wired ones.

Keywords: EMA; OMA; SHM; ODS; MEMS; LORAWan; Dynamic Testing; Ethernet; EtherCAT; PoE; LAN Network; FRF; IEPE; Force Balance; WIM

In recent years, the integration of digital learning platforms into educational settings has become increasingly prevalent. This paper investigates the impact of digital learning platforms on student engagement and academic performance. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of student performance data with qualitative insights gathered through interviews. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between the use of digital learning platforms and both student engagement and academic achievement. However, challenges such as technological barriers and pedagogical implementation issues are also identified. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of digital learning platforms to enhance educational outcomes while emphasizing the importance of effective integration strategies.

Paramagnetic complexes of transition metals and rare earths have attracted a lot of interest in the last year in medical imaging. Indeed, the study by ¹H NMR spectroscopy has revealed that these agents increase the contrast between an affected cell and a normal one in biological tissues. This increase in contrast is due to the decrease in the nuclear relaxation time of the ¹H proton of water. Due to their high magnetic moment, the dipolar interactions between these agents and water molecules are strong, which mainly reduces the nuclear relaxation time of ¹H protons. Bloch was the first to use ferric nitrate as an agent of observation.

Synthetic mixed triplane complexes containing functionalized outer porphyrins and an inner phthalocyanine were prepared and their conditions of obtaining with better yield were studied. These complexes were characterized by UV/Vis. spectroscopy, H NMR mass spectrometry. In the second part we have reported the different strategies of interporphyrin coupling and the appropriate method for obtaining the "cage" complex in which a phthalocyanine ligand is encapsulated by two external porphyrinate ligands. The different parameters that govern this kind of systems are exposed.

Keywords: Meso-tetra.para-propargylphenylperphynate (Tp-PrOP) P; Meso tetra-para-aminophenylprophyrinate (Tp-H2NP) P; Phtalocyanine; octamethyl phtalocyaninate (Pc(Pme); octamethoxyphtalocyaninate (PcMe8); Ln= La; Ce; Gd

In the monarchy of modern engineering and technology, semiconductors stand as silent sentinels powering the revolution that touches nearly every facet of human life. From the smallest of wearable health monitors to the sprawling networks of global communication systems, semiconductors are the backbone of innovation, driving advancements that seemed like distant dreams mere decades ago. As an editorial member of Medicon Engineering Themes, I Sunil Sharma, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Geetanjali Institute of Technical Studies, Udaipur, find the intersection of semiconductor technology with multidisciplinary fields particularly fascinating, underscoring the need for collaborative research and innovation in this domain.

One of the important factors for dry blend processes of Suspension Polyvinyl Chloride resin is porosity.

Many parameters have direct and indirect impacts on it.

Direct parameters are operationally controlled and related to the selection of a secondary emulsifier, know as a porisifier.

This parameter is controlled by Reaction Recipe parameters, including agitation intensity, emulsifier ratios, catalyst type, polymerizer temperature, conversion rate, interfacial tension, and PVA degree of polymerization.

On the other hand, the indirect parameters are related to system impurity levels in the reactor. Such impurities are originated from two main sources: namely, Vinyl Chloride monomer, (VCM), and charging water quality.

The application of Nano-Buffer materials in the polymerization phase has revealed the economical improvement of resin porosity.

The results have shown porosity improvements in some applications of around 7%, resulting in operating costs reduction of about 15% in some applications.

     Heap is a topic of interest among security researchers and exploit developers who are looking for vulnerabilities in modern-day software. The complexity of allocators like the one used by GLIBC incur a broad attack surface. Attackers can exploit an application by misusing the algorithms and metadata used by the memory allocator itself due to various flaws in the implementation. As a result, there are many exploitation techniques related to the heap. However, these vulnerabilities and exploit techniques are more difficult to understand as they can be dependent on the intricate details of how the allocators are implemented. While stack-based attacks have received significant attention and have various mitigations developed, heap-based attacks remain a persistent threat.

     This paper provides an analysis of the dynamic memory allocation mechanism used in GLIBC, one of the most widely used C library implementations. We describe the key implementation details of the memory allocator, including the use of segregated free lists, in-band metadata within heap chunks and support for multithreading using arenas. We then demonstrate how vulnerabilities can occur in the heap due to incorrect usage of the memory allocation facilities provided, such as use-after-free, invalid free, heap overflow, and others. To illustrate the severity of these vulnerabilities, we provide an overview of two heap exploit techniques: tcache poisoning and fast bin dup. This paper aims to help developers who want to understand how dynamic memory allocation works under the hood and how to avoid common pitfalls that can lead to serious security vulnerabilities.

Keywords: Heap exploitation; Memory corruption; Low-level vulnerabilities

With the flourishing development of autonomous driving technology and the increasing demand for convenient travel experiences, more and more researchers are diving into the development of efficient and reliable autonomous driving technology. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the main technologies of vehicle trajectory prediction in autonomous driving and comprehensively review the research status of vehicle trajectory prediction in autonomous driving over the past decade. It delves into the characteristics and differences of research based on physical methods, basic machine learning methods, and deep learning methods. Next, we focus on analyzing the currently mainstream deep learning-based vehicle trajectory prediction models. We utilize open-source datasets in the autonomous driving domain, such as the Argoverse dataset and the NuScenes dataset, as well as evaluation metrics like Average Displacement Error (ADE) and Final Displacement Error (FDE), to provide a detailed exposition and analysis of the progress made with existing technologies through research and experimentation. Finally, the article points out the possible directions for future breakthroughs in this field, aiming to guide readers and researchers to overcome existing technological bottlenecks and further promote the advancement of this field.

Keywords: Autonomous Driving; Vehicle Trajectory Prediction; Physics-based Methods; Machine Learning; Deep Learning

In this paper, the torsional vibration characteristics of series spring torsional damper for hybrid electric vehicle are studied. Firstly, dynamic software is used to build the physical simulation model of the hybrid transmission system under the direct drive acceleration condition, and the modal analysis of the transmission system is carried out, and the local mode of the series spring torsional damper is found. Through the torsional vibration analysis and real vehicle test of the hybrid power train, the influence of the local mode of the series spring torsional damper on the torsional vibration of the power train is confirmed, local modes can amplify the torsional vibration response of the drive train and cause the gear rattle problem. Secondly, the sensitivity analysis is carried out to find out the key influencing factors. Finally, the improved torsional damper is simulated to confirm the improvement effect. The conclusion provides a reference for the optimization of the series spring torsional damper.

Keywords: series spring torsional damper; series parallel hybrid; torsional vibration characteristics; angular acceleration

Exclusion based on stigma is distinguishable from other forms of marginalization because it depends on social consensus about the targets that tends to be shared among a set of people, and is often accompanied by a social justification or supportive ideology for moral segregation. Today more than ever, it is clear through the immense migratory movements, which the provision of a safe and stable place to live cannot be taken for granted. The current world does not offer the conditions of minimum habitability for millions of people. So, what happens when man and habitat do not coincide due to migrating movements? Most of the immigrating parties are uprooted human beings in search of land, looking for a corner in the planet to live, where everyone is entitled to basic rights and freedom. Immigration right is not an issue of ideology, historical debts or revenge, nor donations or contracts; it is a matter of commitment to the Fundamental Rights of Man to ensure a better global future. Considering immigrants world citizens and faced by this type of circumstances we should wonder, what kind of response do these human beings deserve from the self-named Space Designers? What is the true commitment of Urbanists and Architects, if any, within society? Do they have to take positions like that doctor who, forgetting his economic status, turns altruistically to the resolution of others’ pain? Does Culture establish binding commitments to those who are professionally prepared to exercise a job? Should it?

Log files are a great way to find out what's wrong with a system and how secure it is. They can be very large and have a complicated structure, which is why they are so useful. We use Machine Learning (ML) to find network anomalies and build different models that are driven by data to find DDoS attacks. The main goal of this article is to reduce the number of times that DDoS detection is wrongly labeled. In this paper, we describe a method for security analysis that uses Deep Learning techniques like simple LSTM, LSTM with embedding, and Seq-to-Seq LSTM on several systems log files to find and extract data that may be related to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks made by malicious users who want to break into a system. Through a process of learning, these data will help to find attacks, predict attacks, or find intrusions. In this study, we looked at how different optimizers, the size of the hidden state, and the number of layers affected the same architecture to find the best way to set it up. When compared to other models, the proposed model was able to correctly identify DoS/DDoS packets that had never been seen before with a 98.95% level of accuracy.

Keywords: DDoS Attack Detection; Cyber Physical System; LSTM; Deep Learning; Machine Learning

The article deals with interventions in the Moorish Pavilion or Moorish Castle in Manguinhos, in Rio de Janeiro, main monument of the architectural complex of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Fiocruz, one of the most significant and symbolic architectural ensembles in Brazil. It is the headquarters Fiocruz, under the supervision of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, the most prominent institution of science and technology on health in Latin America. It was protected by the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN) in 1980. The construction of the complex started in 1904 and the construction of the Moorish Pavilion started in 1905. It was on the initiative of the renowned Brazilian scientist Oswaldo Cruz and was designed by the Portuguese architect Luiz Moraes Júnior. The Moorish Pavilion, adopted the eclectic language and received the most varied influences of monuments, styles and decor: Montsouris Observatory (Paris, France), English railway stations, Elizabethan architecture (England, second half of the 16th century) and Moorish architecture (Iberian peninsula, 11th - 15th centuries, especially Alhambra Granada, Spain),  An architectural reading of the Moorish Pavilion will be made, examining the architectural language adopted; the material and building systems used in its construction; its meaning for the city and the heritage designation process, the surrounding environment in various periods, and the physical, functional and visual relationship with the city. Regarding the restoration works method, the following will be examined: causes of deterioration, diagnosis and state of conservation, interventions performed over the years, the project and methodology of the latest intervention. In the conclusion, the article will analyze the interventions undertaken in the light of the modern principles of cultural heritage preservation, the importance of the restoration works of the Moorish Pavilion Manguinhos, and its use as a public cultural and scientific space for the city.

Keywords: restoration; conservation; historical; scientific; cultural; heritage

Artificial Intelligence products have seen an unprecedented rise in the last few years, with GPT-3 and ChatGPT considered the most powerful AI tools in history. Recently, people have been concerned that services such as ChatGPT may be a threat to education. Specifically, teachers are concerned about students using the free and accessible tool as a Wikipedia replacement to complete homework and to write assignments for them. It poses importance for both researchers and practitioners in AI, and community stakeholders including teachers and parents, to understand the capability of AI text generative models in answering questions that may appear in an educational assessment or the school’s curriculum. In this research, we follow a widely adopted framework in defining educational question types, namely Bloom's taxonomy. We perform an experiment comparing the quality of answers retrieved from Google and GPT-3 on a series of questions identified along the hierarchy of Bloom’s taxonomy.

We summarize the capabilities and limitations of using GPT-3 to answer educational questions along Bloom's taxonomy. We discuss the implications on designing educational assessments to combat the threats introduced by such AI services.

Keywords: Generative language models; Question answering; AI in education; Bloom’s taxonomy

The process of obtaining antimony trioxide from Unified Mining Company S.A. (EMUSA) has two production lines. The refining slag from the second production line was stored since the plant started operations, registering high antimony contents which is the reason for this research project. To recover antimony from the slag, it was necessary to carry out a reducing fusion with slag using pyrometallurgical methods with ternary diagrams; FeO: Na₂O: SiO₂ and FeO: SiO₂: CaO the Sb recovery was done in two parts; the first part consisted of melting in a flame furnace and the second a melting in the IIMETMAT thermobalance. The flow of oxygen necessary for antimony recovery was 0.1 l/min higher flows oxidize antimony and lower recovery. The experiments showed that the reaction that controls the process is PbSb₂ O₆ + 6C= 2Sb + Pb + 6CO. For the melting in the flame furnace, the best slag ratio used was 35:15:50 with the system and with the system, the best ratio was 35:15:50, with Sb recoveries of 98% in both cases.

Keywords: Refining slag; Melting in the thermobalance; Antimony recovery

In recent years, there has been a notable shift from plastic packaging to fibre-based alternatives. Ensuring that fibre-based packaging maintains all functionalities of its plastic counterpart is essential. This research focuses on a specific aspect of this transition: the resistance to water and moisture.

A critical divergence in material properties between LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene) and fibre-based materials lies in water resistance. The inherent lack of natural water resistance in fibre-based materials underscores the importance of coatings in the success of fibre-based packaging. To address this challenge, two specially designed coatings were developed in collaboration with chosen companies. Following to a promising lab testing phase, a dedicated testbench was constructed for practical real-life evaluations.

Close cooperation with a coating research company played a key role in unveiling the true potential of these coatings. Particularly, a bio-based coating emerged as a viable solution to enhance water resistance in paper packaging.

Keywords: Cobb test; water barrier; Recyclable; coating; sustainability

The demand for lightweight and high-performance materials in product design has increased recently in the automotive, marine, transportation, and aerospace industries (Schweitzer, 2003; Kaufman, 2000). In these kinds of enterprises, losing weight is necessary to increase fuel efficiency, increase payload capacity, and comply with greenhouse gas emission regulations. Using more sophisticated light materials is the most efficient technique to reduce weight without compromising design performance (Mouritz, 2012, Singh et al. 2019a-c). The industry offers a wide range of lightweight technical materials, such as alloys made of titanium, magnesium, and aluminium. Aluminium alloys are widely utilised in the aerospace, transportation, shipbuilding, and other industries due to their high strength to weight ratio and resistance to corrosive agents.

When considering the technical and systemic concerns of the sustainability of science centres as agents for science awareness, communication, engagement and education that are at the forefront of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), the impact of science centres on the National System of Innovation (NSI) interventions should certainly be measured empirically, through monitoring, evaluation, and review mechanisms. This paper argues that science centres have a key role to play in Science, Technology and Innovative (STI) imperatives as well the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). To this end, the South African Framework for the Promotion of Excellence in a National Network of Science Centres (2005) is evaluated. Moreover, the positioning and role of science centres in this landscape is examined, in terms of science awareness, communication, engagement and education. The case study of the Sci-Bono Discovery Centre - the largest science centre in the Southern Hemisphere - will be utilised to further understand the role of science centres in the NSI, STI and the 4IR.

Keywords: science centres; policy; STI; 4IR; Sci-Bono Discovery Centre

In recent years, under the background of the raging of COVID-19, intensified regional conflicts and rising trade protectionism, global economic development has been seriously challenged. Many small countries with a single economic structure have been hit even more severely. Many of them are on the verge of economic collapse as domestic economic and social contradictions have intensified. This paper will analyze the reasons for Sri Lanka's national bankruptcy from three perspectives. It is hoped that more countries in a similar state can be warned and that international economic organizations can identify other countries that may be at risk of collapse more quickly and accurately and provide timely support to reduce economic losses and maintain national security. The paper will use methods such as literature analysis, data analysis and case analysis to try to explain the reasons for Sri Lanka's national bankruptcy. In the end, the article categorizes the reasons for Sri Lanka’s bankruptcy into three points: a) unresolved domestic economic problems for many years, b) three policies implemented under the misjudgment of the new government, and c) the fuse of COVID-19 and the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Keywords: Sri Lanka; Bankruptcy; Government Negligence; COVID-19; Russian-Ukrainian War

The essential question in this paper is if there would be a stable financial model which ensures sustainable way of financing health care, is it affordable for quality health care for all the citizens in North Macedonia? Therefore, through comparing and analyzing seven financial years of the Health Insurance Fund of the Republic of North Macedonia and in order to improve the health system, with the help of comparative analysis, we will determine the differences between the health systems and the way of financing health care in the Western Balkans, to identify and implement the positive experiences of the reforms. The study aims to analyze the distribution of the Health Fund budget, determining the reasons for changes in expenses for different categories of medical services, and exploring factors such as health packages, insured persons, and carrier-member correlations. Overall, a well-managed and adequately funded health system can improve the health and well-being of the population.

Keywords: Health Insurance Fund; Revenues; Expenses; Financial Stability

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is autologous blood product, that contains platelets concentration two to three times above normal blood level. As such, PRP is a rich source of different bioactive molecules including grow factors, enzymes, cytokines, and chemokines. Beside its regenerative properties, a limited number of studies has proven that PRP can induce antimicrobial effect against single growing pathogens and biofilms. Aim of this study was to analyze PRP antimicrobial effect against three most common biofilm forming bacteria, including S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The antimicrobial property of PRP was evaluated after 24 h of incubation with selected bacteria in Brain heart infusion (BHI) media using spectrophotometer with a light source of 600 nm. To check whether PRP can inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, after 24h incubation, tube screening test (TM) was applied. Bacteria treated with PRP and platelet poor plasma (PPP) were compared with untreated control, composed of bacteria growing spontaneusly in BHI media. PRP produced strong growth inhibiton in all tested bacteria when compared to bacteria treated with PPP and control group. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that PRP can induce antimicrobial effect on S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. PRP also reduced biofilm formation for P. aeruginosa and E. coli. However, there was no effect on S. aureus biofilm formation.

Keywords: platelet-rich plasma (PRP); antimicrobial activity; biofilm

The environmental and socioeconomic effects of mining and human security challenges are a source of worry to most governments all over the world. It is a known fact that the extractive industry - mainly gold, diamond, manganese and crude petroleum contributes significantly to the national economy of most countries in Africa inclusive of Ghana. However, in spite of its importance to the national economy, its effects especially on the environment, the health of the people, food security, fundamental human rights of people in communities where illegal mining occurs affects the human security of the citizenry. Uncontrolled illegal mining is prevalent in Ghana even though there is a legal regime to check and control artisanal and small-scale mining. In view of its destructive consequences, a securitisation approach is usually used to justify the deployment of “security forces” to deal with the menace in view of the multiple dimensions of insecurities that is associated with illegal mining. The adoption and use of human security paradigm allows for the taking of a more integrative and holistic approach in dealing with the problem in the country. Studies on illegal mining in Ghana confirm that, poverty accounts for the main reason why people risk their lives to engage in the practice. This paper provides a review of the effects of illegal mining on human security in Ghana. It aims to reveal the multiple insecurities surrounding illegal gold mining in Ghana from a human security perspective. Further, the paper make recommendations for governance and policy reform in finding solution to the insecurities associated with the practice.

Keywords: illegal mining; human security; ‘Galamsey”; securitisation; poverty and governance

The goal of this paper is to research if there are any relationships between intellectual capital and “neuromarketing”. The first appears implicitly (because it results from skills to design technologies), while the second appears explicitly (in technologies such as “eye tracking”, GSR, FEA, fEMG, …). The literature on “neuromarketing” has focused on the consumption and promotion of products and/or services. Its practices, for research purposes, have faced obstacles on the part of companies, which make their evolution difficult. On the other hand, credibility is attributed to “neuromarketing” results if they coincide with what is expected. If they are not, nothing can be said, and only further research will be able to provide answers. In this case, paradoxically, it makes “neuromarketing” progress, once the obstacles associated with available information are removed. Finally, it is worth highlighting the fact that “neuromarketing” technologies reveal “ironic behaviors” in consumers (ironic revelation): what consumers reveal they prefer is opposite to what the application of technologies such as those mentioned above reveal.

Thus, the pillar of intellectual capital will be the source of the development of “neuromarketing” and vice-versa. This research makes it possible to highlight this contribution and the implications for better understanding the preferences revealed by consumers. However, there is still a long way to go to understand the origins of these changes.

Keywords: Intellectual Capital; Neuromarketing; Technologies Ironic Revelation

The application of the recently suggested probabilistic design for reliability (PDfR) concept [1-5], an important extension of the design-for-reliability (DfR) effort (see, e.g., [6]), enables improving the state-of-the-art in electronics and photonics reliability engineering by establishing and assuring the adequate reliability level in many critical reliability tasks in these areas engineering. This is particularly important in various human-in-the-loop (HITL) [7-9] situations, when the reliability of the equipment/instrumentation, both its hard- and software, and human(s) performance contribute jointly to the outcome of a critical mission or an extraordinary situation. The PDfR concept provides a way to predict the, in effect, never-zero probability of the field failure of the product of importance by putting the reliability predictions and assurances on a well substantiated quantified "reliable" basis. The concept does that mostly on the basis of the highly focused and highly cost effective failure-oriented-accelerated-testing (FOAT) [10-14] conducted on the design stage of a new technology, new design, or a new application of the existing technology or design, when the highly popular today highly-accelerated-life-testing (HALT) [15] does not yet exist for this product and technology, and suitable best practices have not been developed. Note that there are also two other FOAT types: those that are almost always conducted at the post-manufacturing stage and known as burn-in tests (BITs) [16-18] and those that are quite often conducted on the product development stage, such as, e.g., shear-off and temperature cycling tests.

A series of welding process tests were carried out for the pressure resistance spot welding (RSW) of the hexagonal tube and the grid frame component of MOX fuel assembly in CEFR. With the help of visual inspection, metallographic inspection and tensile test at room temperature, analyzing the influence trend of single welding parameter on the nugget diameter and mechanical properties. A set of optimal welding parameters is obtained by considering the influence of welding current, welding time and electrode pressure on the quality of welding joints. The results show that when the welding current is 3kA, the welding time is 8cyc (1cyc=1/50Hz), and electrode pressure is 350N, the diameter of the soldering core and the tensile force of the welding joints are relatively stable.

Keywords: CEFR; hexagonal tube; grid frame component; pressure resistance spot welding(RSW); welding process

In the last decade, research on gamification increased in various fields such as mobile apps, e-health, human resource management, business development, and e-learning. However, research on gamified mobile applications is still fragmented, and a systematic overview of gamification in education engineering is missing. Thus, we conducted a systematic literature review of 43 empirical studies to explore state of the art in integrating gamification approaches into mo- bile apps. The literature review covers gamification design elements, psychological outcomes, behavioral outcomes, research areas, and the effect of gamification. The results show that rewards are the most commonly used design element of gamification in mobile apps. Gamification has a potential impact on psychology and behavior and provides positive benefits. The review's findings extend the knowledge base by providing insight for further studies and the design of gamified education engineering systems.

Keywords: Gamification; Mobile apps; Systematic literature review

A population of 430 million people and above, or over a population of 5% of the world's population, needs therapy to treat their "disabled" hearing and speaking condition. These people have the option to learn sign language to communicate with others. Hence, our project mainly targets the deaf and mute community. Around 5000 images of hand gestures have been used and divided into 10 categories for live detection. The categories are mainly American Sign Language (ASL) and are consisted of the first 10 numbers. Our model can detect these ten hand motions and categorize them correctly. We used the You Only Look Once Version 5 algorithm. The algorithm consists of a backbone namely CSPDarknet53, in which an SPP block is accustomed to accelerating the speed of the receptive field responsible to set apart prime traits and confirming that network operation speed is inclining in speed. The neck of the algorithm, PAN, is added to aggregate the parameters from different backbone levels. This model is very easy to use and understand and gives an accuracy above 98%. That is why we chose YoloV5 as our model for object detection due to its simplicity in usage. Therefore, an artificial sign language detection system has been suggested in this study which incorporates deep learning and image processing method. This study also gives a comparison between the two models to give a better understating of why we marked YoloV5 as a better algorithm even though both models gave an accuracy of above 98%. We believe that making a hand gesture detection system will encourage individuals to communicate with people who cannot hear or speak. That being the case, we aim to make the lives of the disabled better.

Keywords: Sign Language Detection; Deep Learning; YoloV5

Brain is the contolling centre of our body. As time changes, more modern and new mind diseases are being observed and identified. Accordingly, due to the range of brain diseases that are present, recent diagnosis or detection structures have been tough and nonetheless an open hassle for its studies. Detection of brain sickness in early stage could make a huge difference in an attempt to treat them. Current diagnosis systems are getting difficult and detection systems are still an open hassle for studies.

Keywords: MRI image; Brain tumor; Image pre processing; Matlab software

In South Africa, adopting a paradigm of “Futuristic Science Engagement" is particularly important. It is about finding that intricate balance between hindsight, insight and foresight. In other words, such a paradigm can be synthesised through the combination of learnings from the past, accurate analysis of the present, and a holistic vision for the future. Indeed, the world is changing rapidly, evolving in real-time, partly due to the ingenuity and innovations of science practitioners. However, within the broader context of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), there are many actors and agents, experts and laypeople alike, who feed into the country’s National System of Innovation (NSI). Inputs into the NSI to cultivate and generate synergistic outputs include the political, economic, and social, over and above the STI aspects. This paper proposes a holistic barometer for measuring the impact of STI interventions. It argues that a synthesis of futuristic science, if defined as a convergence of hindsight, insight and foresight, requires an integrated approach that includes policy imperatives, socio-economic imperatives, epistemological imperatives, and ethical imperatives. To this end, the historical journey of South Africa’s NSI, its policy frameworks, and its continental commitments based on African Union policies are traced as the hindsight component; the socio-economic status as well as South Africa’s current standing in the 2023 Global Innovation Index (GII), are engaged to draw out relevant insights. Discourse on knowledge production that has contextual integrity, which speaks to the epistemological foundations of the system, as well as the role of the ethical in the era of a Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), are the foresight components to be considered.

Keywords: Policy; socio-economic; epistemological; ethical; STI; 4IR

Although I’ve been studying and applying the Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) of the Project Management Institute (PMI) since its first edition in 1996, and although for various reasons I attended twice the 35 hours’ related preparation course for the Project Management Professional (PMP) certification exam, I never applied for such certification. Nevertheless, three years ago, at the age of 64, almost at the end of my forty years, very rewarding career, I submitted my qualifications and the required report on one of my last projects, sustained a long and tough interview, and finally got the Project Manager Certification according to ISO 21500 - and to the related Italian UNI 21500 and UNI 11648 - which reflects faithfully the PMBoK: as a matter of fact, representatives of both the PMI and the International Project Management Association (IPMA) were on the board who wrote the international regulation, together with the representatives of the 25 national standard unification agencies that promoted the ISO 21500.

This paper presents the results of a k - ε turbulence model for a rectangular airfoil problem using standard Comsol Multiphysics solvers. Flow around a rectangular airfoil was studied at Reynolds numbers of 10 000 < Re < 2 000 000 and angle of attack α = 0°-20°. Results were obtained for speed, pressure and other parameters for different angle values. The implementation of the Comsol Multiphysics software package showed good convergence, stability and high accuracy of the model.

Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations; Comsol Multiphysics

Nowadays, several video movement classification methodologies are based on reading and processing each frame using image classification algorithms. However, it is rare to find approaches using angle distribution over time. This paper proposes video movement classification based on the exercise states calculated from each frame’s angles. Different video classification approaches and their respective variables and models were analyzed to achieve this, using unstructured data: images. Besides, structure data as angles from critical joints Armpits, legs, elbows, hips, and torso inclination were calculated directly from workout videos, allowing the implementation of classification models such as the KNN and Decision Trees. The result shows these techniques can achieve similar accuracy, close to 95%, concerning Neural Networks algorithms, the primary model used in the previously mentioned approaches. Finally, it was possible to conclude that using structured data for movement classification models allows for lower performance costs and computing resources than using unstructured data without compromising the quality of the model.

Keywords: Machine Learning; computer vision; KNN; mediapipe; supervised classification; video classification; deep learning; tensorflow; neural network; workout; fitness; exercise; signal

The powerful narrow beam of single wavelength light that laser produces was the first “solution looking for the problem in 1960”. Theodore Maiman created it 1960 by illuminating a high-power flash light on a ruby rod on a silver coated surface at California’s Hughes Research Laboratory. From the most cutting-edge quantum physics labs to hospital. Laser is now ubiquitous in modern science and technology. When a laser heats up its target, a phenomenon known as photothermal interaction occurs. Proteins are denaturized, mitochondrial membrane permeability is enhanced and the mitochondria eventually evaporate. In this paper Monte-Carlo simulation method is used for the Laser tissue interaction.

This study aims to understand the temperature distribution in a multi-layered skin model during laser-induced thermotherapy for cancer treatment. model includes the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat, muscle, blood, and an embedded tumour. The study systematically investigates the effects of various parameters such as wavelength, laser intensity, tumour absorption coefficient, and irradiation time. Proposed model can explore both the individual and combined effects of the parameters on the temperature distribution in the skin model by methodically varying the parameters. The findings may help to improve laser-induced thermotherapy, which may result in more precise and efficient skin treatment.

Keywords: Laser; Tissue; Monte-Carlo simulation

The Federal Reserve has raised interest rates four times in a row, twice by 75 basis points from June to July, totaling 150 basis points, since 2022 in an effort to reduce the rising inflation in the United States. This is the most important development since 1980. After the rate hike in July, the policy rates of the United States have reached a range from 2.25% to 2.50%, which is widely considered by dozens of people as a "neutral rate" level. Since the U.S. dollar is the dominant international currency and controls the world's financial, monetary, and trade settlement systems, the Fed's interest rate hike has an impact on the world financial market. Bitcoin has become a financial asset traded on a global scale and has gradually become popular in financial market transactions. With the Fed's rate hike, a considerable number of investors in the cryptocurrency market are very concerned about the impact of the Fed rate hike on Bitcoin, and then reassess the risks to ensure their own interests. This paper searches and obtains data on the Bitcoin price and USD/CNY exchange rate from June 1, 2021 to August 15 2022. This paper uses VAR and ARMA-GARCH models to study the impact of the USD-CNY exchange rate changes on the rate of return and volatility of Bitcoin.

Keywords: US; Federal Reserve Bank; rate hike; USD; CNY; ARMA-GARCH model

In a Real Time System, when a high priority task is scheduled, it preempts ongoing lower priority tasks and sometimes it preempts even the kernel too. In normal cases, the time needed for the preemption is too small and hence is not considered in task scheduling. But, in some mission critical hard real time systems, even a small fraction of a second should be taken into account as it could affect the deadline. This research work proposes two models - embedded model and software model, among which the latter has been used for the experiment that calculates the kernel preemption time. The hardware model consists of a triangular wave generator called TRIANG that takes timer values from real time tasks and sends outputs to a comparator module. Finally, the comparator compares the time differences, and hence, calculates the kernel preemption time. Whereas the software model uses the RT-Linux architecture in which device drivers are used instead of hardware components. A high precision timer clock is also used to measure the task release times.

The results from the experiments show that the release time jitter due to the kernel preemption is found to be fluctuating in the range of -94 and +93 microseconds in 3% of the cases. So, the kernel preemption time for the hard and mission critical real time systems is taken to be less than 99 microseconds. Whereas 85% of the cases have release time jitters of single digit only. So, the kernel preemption time in average case is considered to be less than 9 microseconds.

Keywords: Real Time System; Triangular Wave Generator; Task Scheduling; Kernel Preemption Time

     In the realm of cutting-edge technologies, quantum computing stands as one of the most revolutionary and promising fields. While classical computers have served us well for decades, they are reaching their limitations when faced with complex problems like optimization, cryptography, and simulating quantum systems. Quantum computing harnesses the principles of quantum mechanics to process information in ways that classical computers cannot, opening the door to new possibilities in various domains. Quantum computers can solve problems that are impossible or would take a traditional computer an impractical amount of time - a billion years to solve.

     Since the early 20th century, when the atom was first investigated, quantum physics has defied logic. It turns out that atoms do not apply the standard principles of physics. Quantum particles have the capacity to "teleport," move through time, and exist in two places at once. The goal of quantum computers is to exploit these unusual behaviors. At the heart of quantum computing lies the concept of qubits, which are the quantum counterpart of classical bits. While conventional bits can only represent a 0 or a 1, qubits can simultaneously exist in both states. This unique property allows quantum computers to perform multiple calculations at once, offering a potential for exponential speedup in specific tasks.

Sustainability plays a crucial role in engineering across various disciplines and industries. It involves designing and implementing solutions that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In the context of engineering, sustainability encompasses environmental, social, and economic considerations. Here's how sustainability influences engineering:

Environmental Impact Reduction: Engineers have a significant impact on the environment through the products and systems they design. Sustainability in engineering involves minimizing resource consumption, reducing pollution, and minimizing the release of harmful emissions and waste. This can be achieved through efficient design, materials selection, energy-efficient technologies, and waste reduction strategies.

The growth of the car industry is now closely linked to the rise of the number of car accidents. As a result, insurance companies must deal with several claims at the same time while also addressing claims leakage. To resolve these issues, we propose a car damage detection system based on Mask Scoring RCNN. The experiment first makes a dataset by collecting car damage pictures of different types and on different angels for pre-processing then use Mask scoring RCNN for training. It is envisaged that this method would assist insurance in correctly classifying the damage and reducing the time spent on damage detection. The test results demonstrate that the proposed system has better masking accuracy in the case of complex images, allowing the car damage detection duty to be completed swiftly and easily.

Keywords: Computer vision; Mask Scoring RCNN; Car-damage detection; Mask detection accuracy

The process of sorting onions systematically is called onion sorting. Manual onion sorting is preferred at the wholesale market and in the farming, sector based on different parameters such as size, shape, quality, etc. It is not however a more efficient, consistent, and time-consuming method. In the market, there are systems that can sort single onions based on a single set of parameters. To replace this traditional way of sorting onions, In this paper we are introducing “Automatic Quality Based Onion Sorting Mechanism Using Raspberry pi”. The proposed system combines an automatic onion sorting mechanism with an image processing technique and classification algorithm. E.g., quality-based analysis. This machine can be used for agricultural purposes, and it can also be employed in the food industry.

Keywords: Automatic; Quality; algorithm; image processing; sorting

This research paper thoroughly investigates the complex interconnection between intellectual property laws and economic progress, providing a detailed analysis of their influence on fostering innovation. Through a methodical exploration, this study traces the historical evolution of intellectual property laws, scrutinizing patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. The paper delves into how intellectual property laws play a crucial role in encouraging innovation across diverse sectors, underscoring their importance in attracting investments, promoting entrepreneurial endeavours, and driving technological progress. Utilizing an extensive literature review and case studies, the research sheds light on the challenges encountered in the implementation of these laws, including concerns about accessibility, patent trolling, and ethical quandaries.

Moreover, the study puts forth policy recommendations for policymakers, advocating for balanced intellectual property laws that safeguard the rights of innovators while ensuring fair access to knowledge. The paper also underscores the significance of global collaboration and the standardization of intellectual property norms to establish a supportive atmosphere for innovation and economic advancement worldwide. By offering valuable insights and actionable suggestions, this research paper significantly enhances our comprehension of the pivotal role played by intellectual property in shaping a dynamic, inventive, and just society.

eSIM will be used widely as it is easy to control, can be filled in for different IMSI requirements, is stable for moving. It can be equipped for vehicles T-Box, post terminal of banks, CPE, and other modules moving. As the secret key is installed in the eSIM, does not open to other people except for operators, the boxes using eSIM are difficult to be checked if they work fine. This problem is from billions of boxes. They will benefit from our solution. The factory default setting of eSIM will save plenty of time and a lot of human resource for testing, at the same time, eSIM can be promoted.

Keywords: eSIM; secret; vehicle; card

In the 21st century, one technological marvel stands out among the rest, promising to revolutionize industries, reshape economies, and redefine the very nature of human interaction with machines. Artificial Intelligence (AI), once confined to the realm of science fiction, has firmly established itself as a driving force in today's world. The transformative potential of AI is undeniable, but with great power comes great responsibility.

     Hydrogen production around the world continues to grow rapidly.

     Analyzing some hundred projects already active or under construction across the planet, in the United States, Europe and China, even though in very distinct ways and with different targets, we are searching all the reasons, numbers and goals in details, to understand how our world could benefit from it, in the field of e-mobility, but also of heating and industrial applications.

     To fully understand where the energy sector is heading with this new “water-based fuel”, or even “valuable alternative to natural gas”, it is important to place it briefly within the world economy.

     Imagine a substance largely present in the universe, with good energy efficiency which, if produced correctly, can be 100% sustainable and useful for powering all those machineries and systems that cannot be equipped with a battery pack or with a traditional engine, and therefore do not depend exclusively on electricity from the public grid or renewable, or even from fossile.

Construction in Cape Coast Metropolis has been impacted by the cost increase of public building construction projects in Ghana. The goal of this study was to evaluate how well Cape Coast Metropolitan Assembly (C.C.M.A.) construction projects performed in terms of cost. The study used a qualitative approach to gather its data. During the fieldwork period, forty (40) structured questionnaires were given to contractors working on C.C.M.A. projects. The data analysis was done using the Statistics Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and the results were displayed using relative index ranking and descriptive statistics. The survey results show that the main causes of cost overruns in projects within the C.C.M.A. were variations in material prices, differences in currency exchange rates, high machinery costs, inaccurate or inadequate estimates of the original cost, and frequent variations or change orders. The study makes the following recommendations: projects should have an adequate scope, effective project costing and finance, and qualified staff should be used in the administration of the projects.

Keyword: Cost of material; budget escalation; high cost of material; labour shortage; material shortage

India, a diverse nation, stands to be a unique democracy today because of the forces that shaped its policies and structure. The oppression of the colonial rule inspired independence, sovereignty, and other core values of the current government. A diverse and pluralistic society was accommodated through a representative government that committed itself to democracy. Its legacy as a colonized state made the agenda clear: to avoid a concentration of power and to give the people a voice. This was exercised through political processes like elections. Eventually, the structure and the very functioning of the state were formed through the influence of these factors. This paper will elaborate on the current political structures in India and the role of the agents.

Keywords: India; President; Parliament; Minister

According to increasingly environment problem, the concept of green development is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people gradually, and the development direction and navigation mark of the global society and economy has been turning to be green, healthy and sustainable. And there is a huge gap in the green development in the realistic foundation between the developed countries and China. We, therefore, can not copy foreign experience, and must conduct in-depth study of the green finance and the impact on the sustainable development. Otherwise, we need create a more effective evaluation system with innovation and development. The research on the evaluation of green finance serving green development has significant theoretical and practical value. The article by analyzing experience in severing from green finance for green development in the domestic and overseas, such performances in severing from green finance for green development were put forward.

Keywords: Green Finance; Green Development; Achievements and shortcoming; Social economy

     Automation is neither a purely positive force nor an entirely negative one. It's more like a process, and its impact depends on your perspective. In simple terms, automation involves using technology to handle tasks or create products. Keep in mind that humans create technology; technology doesn't create humans. Let's break this down further.

      For some people, like those with disabilities, automation is a boon. It allows them to lead happier lives by using technology. In today's society, where differently-abled individuals might face challenges and lack motivation due to societal attitudes, automation becomes a crucial tool. It enables them to experience the world on their terms. Even if they have physical limitations, they can still excel and make a positive impact thanks to automation.

This investigation aims to analyze models and methods for evaluating e-learning format training and education. It addresses evaluation approaches, the impact of authors in related research, and aspects to consider in future studies to enhance the efficacy of e-learning programs.
The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. A comprehensive review is conducted to identify models and evaluation methods used in e-learning training. Data from empirical and theoretical studies, as well as author contributions, are analyzed to identify patterns and gaps.
Interviews with e-learning experts will provide qualitative insights into potential improvements for future research. Initial explorations were undertaken to identify search tactics, keywords, and data sources, spanning 2012-2021 in WOS, and focusing on 2012, 2017, and 2021 in Scopus. Document selection for review and analysis is based on inclusion and quality criteria.
Results highlight the use of multidimensional models, including pre and post-tests, cross-sectional evaluation at various points, diverse instruments (Likert Scale, Focus Groups, Interviews), and self-efficacy.
The primary limitations concern the lack of long-term follow-up, raising questions about result stability. A longitudinal study is suggested. The research aims to provide insights into e-learning training evaluation and guide future investigations in this domain.
Keywords: Online Training; Educational Evaluation; Training Methodology; E-Learning; Training Effectiveness

The Industry4WRD readiness assessment (RA) model is a valuable tool for manufacturing companies to identify gaps and develop improvement plans for implementing Industry 4.0 concepts. It aligns with global implementation initiatives and has the potential to become a practical guideline and standard for Industry 4.0 implementation worldwide. With the competitiveness of manufacturing SMEs playing a crucial role in Malaysia's economy, it is imperative for these SMEs to embrace Industry 4.0 and enhance their global competitiveness. The Industry4WRD RA program, organized by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), offers SMEs the opportunity to participate and align with Industry 4.0 through a structured assessment process. This paper presents the methodology and processes of applying the Industry4WRD RA model, including the results from a case study conducted on two manufacturing SMEs. The quantitative and qualitative findings explore the relationship between various shift factors, thrusts, and dimensions, defining the SMEs' Industry 4.0 readiness profiles. These results help SMEs identify their current baseline, pinpoint gaps, and develop improvement plans for full-scale implementation of Industry 4.0. The research serves as a reference for future work and enhancements in this field.

Keywords: Industry 4.0; Industry4WRD; SMEs; SIRI; Readiness Assessment

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the manufacturing sector including Malaysia, causing supply chain disruptions, decreased demand, and production shutdowns. This has resulted in a decrease in output and disruptions to global trade, with some sectors rebounding while others continue to struggle. Industry 4.0 technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, cloud computing, and real-time data visualization dashboard can assist manufacturers in overcoming these challenges by increasing flexibility, efficiency, and resilience in their operations. Real-time data visualization dashboard tools, a technology from Industry 4.0, can provide operational insights into manufacturing processes, and help identify areas for improvement. These platform can also assist in remote monitoring, management, and predictive analysis, which can help manufacturers mitigate the effects of the pandemic and become more resilient in the face of future disruptions. This research studies among Malaysia's manufacturers have found that the majority agree that Industry 4.0 is more valuable during and at post-pandemic, with real-time data visualization tools being the most important elements for tackling the top issues such as inventory management and process yield improvement. However, many manufacturers are still in the pilot run, and there are challenges to be faced in the post-COVID-19 recovery phase, including managing organizational mindset, culture, and customer needs.

Keywords: COVID-19; Industry 4.0; Industry4WRD; Manufacturing; Data Visualization; Dashboard

Intrusion Detection System is software or hardware that checks a network for malicious activities. Each illegal activity is often recorded either centrally using a Security information and event management (SIEM) system or notified to an administration. This paper proposes an intrusion detection system using machine learning algorithms such as decision trees, random forests and explainable AI (XAI) using a real-world Software-Defined Networking (SDN) dataset. The evaluation includes various intrusion scenarios like network scanning, denial of service (DoS) attacks, and unauthorized access attempts. Random Forest exhibits the best performance, achieving an average training accuracy of 99.23%, while the decision tree achieves 98.78% accuracy. The result of this study contributes to the advancement of intrusion detection systems and fosters the development of resilient security solutions in the realm of SDN. The research highlights the importance of leveraging ML algorithms in effectively identifying and mitigating network intrusions, ultimately enhancing the security of SDN environments.

Keywords: Decision Tree; Intrusion Detection; Random Forest; XAI; LIME

Electroencephalography, a technique for observing the electrical activity of the brain, is the approach that holds the most promise for achieving practical BCI applications. Before becoming widely used, EEG-based BCIs will need to make a lot of scientific advancements, but more crucially, they will cause a number of social, ethical, and legal issues. Researchers reviewed current commercial brain-computer interface devices and talked about the main technological constraints and ethical issues with them.

Keywords: augment; brain computer interfaces; ethics

Neural network models have been exploited since the late ‘80s and ‘90s to solve real-world problems, based on the then contemporary developments such as the back propagation learning algorithm. Over the last decade, the availability of massive data sets, enhanced computational resources, and further developments in algorithms have led to an explosive growth in the use of neural networks in machine learning and artificial intelligence. They showcase the state-of-the-art performance in artificial intelligence applications, all the way from speech comprehension and image recognition to cross-modality translation. In parallel, however, an analogously related perspective, elegantly relating the spheres of cognitive neurobiology and machine learning, has spurred interest. All the more, both sides of this stance seem to entail far-reaching implications.

This research focuses on the industrial development of Istanbul and the planning of housing and industrial areas. It examines the city's urban agenda, which is dominated by internal and transnational migrations, population growth, housing problems, and the process of opening new housing areas over many years. Another significant issue is the planning of industrial areas and their impact on the city. Climate-related issues and agreements like the Paris Agreement in 2015 emphasized the detrimental effects of industrialization, uncontrolled urban sprawl, decreasing green areas, industrial pollution, and high carbon emissions in cities, making them more problematic. The problem of uncontrolled development of residential and industrial areas has persisted for many years. The idea of permanently moving industrial areas outside the city, to nearby towns, has been long known idea proposed at the beginning of the 20th century. However, various political challenges and other factors have hindered the effective implementation of this approach. The main concern is that this problem poses a potential threat to the future sustainability of the city. The research examines the reflection of industrialization and urban planning over nearly a century, up to the present day, by analyzing the planning reports of the Istanbul municipality and government policies on the subject. The findings indicate the importance of zoning applications in the planning of industrial and residential areas, as applied in world cities like London and Paris. However, the idea of decentralizing industrial areas in the city, though theoretically supported in development plans and reports, faces challenges in practice, affecting the city's future sustainability. The research highlights the complexities involved in addressing industrialization and planning issues in Istanbul, emphasizing the need for effective policies and strategies aligned with sustainability principles and long-term urban development.

Keywords: City Planning; Climate Change Industrial Areas; Istanbul; Residential Areas

Indicators of the quality of functioning of the rail crew with given mass and, as m_i well as geometric characteristics, are completely determined by the parameters of its spring suspension − spring stiffness J_i and attenuation coefficients ofvibration dampers. When choosing these parameters, it should be borne in mind that they have an ambiguous effect on the dynamic properties of the crews and, consequently, on their quality indicators. On the one hand, an increase in the coefficient attenuation reduces the amplitudes of the coordinate and improves the safety factor of the structural deflection of the springs. On the other hand, such a decrease leads to an increase in active forces in spring suspension and, especially, accelerations in the resonant region, which worsens such quality indicators u_i (where i = 1, 2, …, n) as maximum body accelerations and dynamic overload coefficients.

Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) are the technologies that transforms commands for operating devices from electrical activity in the brain. Most BCI systems consist mostly of hardware and software. Hardware is gathering the data while software interprets the brain's input and feeds it back to the hardware. In this article, we give a summary of the publicly accessible software platforms for brain-computer interfaces. Five significant BCI platforms have been determined by us. We outline the intended target user group (which consists of academics, programmers, and end users), as well as the key characteristics of each platform, including their compatibility with various operating systems, licensing, supported devices, and programming languages. BCI2000, OpenViBE, TOBI Common Implementation Platform (CIP), BCILAB, and BCI++ are the five platforms under question. In our conclusion, we address potential synergies and potential future advances, such as merging diverse platform components. With this analysis, we intend to highlight the benefits and drawbacks of each platform that is currently accessible, which should aid anyone working in the field of BCI research in choosing the best platform for their individual needs.

Keywords: bci; bci2000; bcilab; tobi; eeg

We have experienced reduced radioactivity in contaminated soils in Fukushima since 2011 using specially processed water. The results indicated a drastic decrease in radioactivity by changing the radioactive cesium to stable barium without applying substantial energy. We repeated our experiments using water decontamination on Fukushima farms. On the base decontamination evidences, our research presents new insights into applying high pressure (> 100 MPa) to seawater at various locations in the Pacific Ocean. We found element changes by chemical analyses of elements in the seawater to compare them before and after the high-pressure process. Water may form a presumed particle after the dissociation of hydrogen bonds by 147 MPa. Then, we discuss the theoretical viewpoints that element changes occur with the weak energy due to pair of electron and proton in hydrogen atom of water. This work involves the behavior of a proton and an electron pair, and we focus on their nuclear spins. We develop the conversion of sodium to magnesium, cesium, and barium with the presumed particles.

Keywords: nuclear spin; proton and electron; element change; water hydrogen bonds; weak energy of water

There is an urgent need to advance theoretical research and broaden the academic conversation in relevant domains in order to undertake strategic initiatives for the digitalization of education. The topics of the metaverse and educational ecological reconstruction, artificial intelligence (AI) and future educational development, big data and educational governance, and future educational research paradigm change are thoroughly discussed through interviews with 16 experts in the field of educational information technology. The study found that: (1) The metaverse represents one potential avenue for modern educational evolution; (2) Artificial intelligence is an all-round challenge to education, which has a significant impact on talent training, both in teaching and learning, as well as the restructuring of the entire education system; (3) Under the background of artificial intelligence, the future education will mainly lead to changes in educational values and objectives, and changes in the means of educational scenarios will also lead to changes in traditional educational forms;(4) The duplexing empowerment between education research and new technology: the rapid development of data science and AI technology have become the main object of educational research and utilization.In turn, education feed into AI technology and drive the development of the technology;(5)In the future, education will be gradually moving from an industrialized education system to an intelligent education system, AI technology will enable the future of education to become more personal, diversify and human-computer cooperation; (6) In the context of new technologies, such as AI and the Metaverse, science fiction could be used as a new method for educational research.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Virtual Reality; Digital Transformation; Big Data; Educational Restructuring

This paper seeks to do a brief literature review about what is most recent in the topics of intellectual capital and accountancy, their relationships and their usefulness for scientific knowledge. Research question: what do the papers that consider, alone or together with others, these 2 topics reveal? Do they present something new, not expected at first? Are they useful for scientific knowledge? It was found that the research confined to these 2 is very meager, falling short of what would be expected in terms of usefulness for scientific knowledge, and could be broader if it included other topics (technology, performance, environmental management, …). The methods used were questionnaires, Likert scale, econometrics and financial statements of firms. As main results and conclusions, we can mention that the dimension of intellectual capital has positive effects on firms´ performance, and variables able of improving it were identified. Environmental management accounting has a positive effect on business decisions and information systems accounting also has positive effects on the efficiency of workers. The geographic areas that served as context were Italy, Indonesia and Jordan. The temporal context in which the research was carried out in 3 papers was omitted, deliberately or not, which reveals a lack of detail.

Keywords: Intellectual Capital; Accountancy; Performance; Information Systems; Technology

     Physics is a basic science for biology, chemistry, agriculture and medical as well as engineering. And the engineering is a comprehensive to cover our daily life. Here is good evidence. It is essential to involve physics.

     I regard a cooking in our everyday constituents engineering when we look at our work in cooking room; See if the meat is cooking at the right heat. Heat relates really physics. Calorific value of “right heat” is thermodynamics, and taste control is supposed to be a chemistry besides human tasting which is difficult to define. Seasoning is to form a compound with the materials by reaction with it.

Though Storage-as-a-Service, provided by cloud service providers (CSPs), is a paid program that allows enterprises to subcontract important documents to be kept on faraway systems, information security is one of the most significant issues when embracing Cloud services. Users may save their devices electronically and avoid the hassles of storage device and upkeep in a Virtual environment. They do, however, lose ownership of their knowledge throughout this procedure. Current solutions do not address all aspects, such as the cloud's complex nature, compute and network latency, and so on. A Data Storage Security Mechanism is proposed for achieving storage consistency while preserving minimal compute and analysis based in the Internet. Furthermore, using buzhash, a B-tree is generated for saving the hash value of the information in its branches as well as file systems. As a result, the space overhead of secure file computing and storage is reduced. Then there's Promotes Self Cybersecurity, which is aimed to increase interaction data in cloud mobile internet providing in a short amount of time. For each session, it generates self-updating randomized key pairs. The experiments show improvement in terms of improving cloud security and privacy while lowering network latency.

Keywords: Buzhash; Elgamal; communication overhead; correctness; privacy and secure_sense

In this paper we are trying to proposed a model of smart-parking for smart-city. Parking in a city is one of the biggest problems. Many times, it was observed that Instead of finding a parking zone or parking space nearby people park their vehicles on road which in traffic and because of this ambulance stuck in traffic jam which results in death of many patients because they are unable to get medical facilities on time. The objective of this paper is to propose a relevant system that will provide a more accurate location system thus helping in deciding the positioning of the parking system by detecting the free spaces in a parking lot and letting the driver know about the location that can be allocated to him. The system also deals with proving the accuracy that cannot be achieved by global positioning system as this system works on the neural network algorithms that break the information down to a matrix and analyze the data to deduce conclusions that would help find an appropriate parking space for the person on the real time basis. The objective of this paper is to reverse the adverse effect of the wrongly parked vehicles.

Keywords: Smart-City, IoT Model, Convolution Neural Network, Intelligent Parking Management

In this paper, we delve into the realm of cloud computing, which has experienced exponential growth due to its ability to rapidly deliver IT services at a minimal cost. Virtualization has played a crucial role in enabling the cloud model, but it is worth noting that virtual machines tend to be slightly heavier compared to containers. This is primarily due to the use of a hypervisor on the underlying operating system, while containers utilize a lightweight container manager. With the abundance of alternatives available for Docker containers today, our objective is to elucidate the concept of Docker containers and conduct a comprehensive performance comparison with its alternatives. Our aim is to provide individuals and organizations with valuable insights, enabling them to select the optimal virtualization platform that aligns with their specific requirements.

Keywords: Docker; Docker Container; Virtualization; Virtual Machine; Cloud Computing

We focus on essential part of water, which is the basic substance on the earth. Nobody looks at a single water molecule; and an established theory has not been how many molecules of H₂O combine to form a cluster. Most research on water starts from H₂O unexpectedly. Our essential research of water is the dissociated water of the hydrogen bonds although the hydrogen bond itself seems to be established in water. But our researh is about the presumed particle of H⁺ and e^- in a hydrogen atom. It is not the atom, neither the H₂ molecule or the OH ion. The present study’s central theme is to clarify the collaborating function of spin and charge, We propose the particle equation instead of wave function. Furthermore, we approach information-transfer by way of collaboration of proton and electron in the atom to form a field in any substance, even in space. In the future we will make clear the potential of the infoton which is difficult to define because it is a space function, and spins, charges, and momentum may entangle associating with information-transfer as well.

Scientific evaluation of driving behavior can provide feasible suggestions for improving driver operating habits, improving driving safety, and reducing energy consumption. It is also of great significance for the development of autonomous driving functions. The existing evaluation methods for driving behavior have shortcomings such as subjectivity and randomness, and neglect the ambiguity of human judgment. This article proposes an overall evaluation system based on the extension analytic hierarchy process based on real driving data collected from real vehicles. Grey clustering and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are introduced to evaluate the driving behavior of drivers from four key indicator dimensions, effectively improving the accuracy and scientificity of driving behavior evaluation.

Keywords: Driving behavior evaluation; Natural driving data; Fuzzy evaluation

     The problem of determining the source has been analyzed during the last years in different areas of ap- plied mathematics and has received considerable attention in many current research, as it has applications in fields such as driving of heat, crack identification, electromagnetic theory, geophysical prospecting, the detection of contaminants and detection of tumor cells, among others.

     Source identification from noisy measurements is often a problem ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard since the solution does not depend continuously of the data. Among the most important tools used in the literature to determine a source can be found: the potential logarithmic method [11], the projective method [10], Green’s functions [2], dual reciprocity boundary element methods [1], the dual reciprocity method [14], the fundamental solution method [3].

The globalization of the economy, the major disruptions due to the COVID-19 crisis, customer requirements as well as the current context of war, are straining global supply chains, which must demonstrate resilience and constantly seek to improve their performance. performance. Among the essential approaches to achieve these objectives, collaboration between logistics partners through methods and tools that have proven themselves but also have shown limits, particularly in terms of trust. Blockchain technology, which appeared in 2008, now offers an opportunity to improve collaboration by providing answers to concerns about trust. However, its application is not generalized, indeed a large part of the companies do not apply the technology because of its shared database character because the companies have sensitive and confidential data. After an analysis of the literature to highlight the obstacles to the generalization of the use of the blockchain in the supply chain, a methodology of adoption and application of the Blockchain following eight steps is proposed with an emphasis on the smart contract.

Keywords: Collaboration; Supply chain; Blockchain; Smart contract; Trust

The following research paper deals with the technology in mobile phones to identify school bullying in students who are constantly raped, which can be reflected verbally, psychologically, physically and virtually through social networks. The study focuses on verifying the use of technology in health and harassment in schools by identifying conflicts between teachers and students and between students, in order to create an application to generate empathy in the classroom. The type of methodology is experimental - exploratory analyzing causes and effects, while the quantitative approach that attempts to arrive at a deductive process predominates. With regard to the collection of information, the questionnaire is used as a tool and the survey as a technique for students in the ninth grade of basic general education, as is the T.A.M. method. (Technology acceptance model). Therefore, the "AfriEndly" application proved satisfactory with-in the research according to the T.A.M. method, which revealed that the technology is accepted within the study population.

Keywords: Application; Mobile health; Mental health; Bullying; Educational harassment; mobile applications; mobile health; self-esteem

Kidney disease is a significant health concern that is currently affecting individuals of all age groups. To predict the occurrence of chronic renal disease, a large number of scholars have employed machine learning and deep learning techniques. However, the efficacy of these methods is often hampered by a lack of transparency, which is a major issue in the application of artificial intelligence in healthcare and medical analysis. As such, the lack of clarity has prompted concern. To interpret the results of predictive models, the present study proposes the deployment of four machine learning algorithms, including Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Multi-layer Perceptron Classifier, and Support Vector Machine, in combination with explainable AI (XAI) interface, leveraging the local interpretable model-agnostic explanation (LIME) and shapely additive explanation shapely additive values (SHAP). The proposed models are intended to facilitate effective decision-making in clinical research and therapeutic practices.

Keywords: Machine Learning; Decision Tree Classifier; Logistic Regression; Support Vector Machine; Explainable AI; SHAP; LIME; Chronic Kidney Disease

The transition to a sustainable and low-carbon energy system has become a global imperative, driven by the need to mitigate climate change and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Green hydrogen, produced through the electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources, has emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges. This critical review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the next generation energy green hydrogen, focusing on its production, storage, transportation, and applications. The paper begins by discussing the various methods of green hydrogen production, including alkaline electrolysis, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis, and solid oxide electrolysis. It examines the advancements in electrolyzer technology, catalysts, and materials, as well as the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. The review also explores the scalability and cost-effectiveness of green hydrogen production, highlighting the need for continued research and innovation to drive down costs and increase efficiency. In addition to production, the paper evaluates different storage technologies for green hydrogen, including compressed gas, liquefaction, and chemical storage. It analyzes the advantages, limitations, and safety considerations of each method, emphasizing the importance of reliable and efficient storage systems to enable the integration of green hydrogen into existing energy infrastructure. The review explores the transportation options for green hydrogen, including pipelines, trucks, ships, and blending with existing natural gas networks. It discusses the infrastructure requirements, safety regulations, and energy losses associated with each mode of transport, underscoring the need for a robust and interconnected hydrogen distribution network. The paper also examines the diverse applications of green hydrogen across various sectors, such as transportation, industry, and power generation. It discusses the potential for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the decarbonization of heavy industries like steel and chemicals, and the role of green hydrogen in grid balancing and energy storage. The review emphasizes the need for policy support, market incentives, and public-private collaborations to accelerate the adoption of green hydrogen technologies. Paper discusses the current policy landscape and regulatory frameworks for green hydrogen at the national and international levels. It analyzes government initiatives, financial incentives, and research and development programs aimed at promoting green hydrogen as a key pillar of the future energy system. Hydrogen is a useful energy carrier for remote or high-energy density applications. It can also be used as a feedstock for chemical reactions to create a variety of synthetic fuels and feed stocks. This paper is based on a survey and analysis of the development, production, and use of hydrogen energy. It has been suggested that hydrogen will be the future generation of energy for everyone based on the critical review.

Keywords: Energy; Hydrogen; development; renewable source

Users are given the ability to automate the process of constructing and deploying machine learning models through the use of a tool called AutoAI. It automates the most time-consuming portions of the data science process, such as feature engineering, model selection, and hyperparameter tuning, by making use of a combination of artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches [4]. AutoAI is also capable of providing explanations for its suggestions and forecasts, which makes it much simpler for users to comprehend the thought process that underlies the model's outputs. This tool has the potential to drastically reduce the amount of time and resources required to develop efficient machine learning models, which makes it a useful asset for businesses as well as researchers who are trying to leverage the power of AI in their work.

Keywords: machine learning; IBM Watson; loan risk prediction

Nowadays scientists pay special attention to the fact that all engineering tasks should be set and solved from the standpoint of combating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The proposed and used materials and technologies should have a low carbon footprint and comply with the principles of developing a green economy.

     All buildings, in all climatic regions, emit CO₂. This is because buildings use energy for lighting, water supply, heating, cooling, ventilation, appliances, and technological processes. For these purposes, it is advantageous to use clean renewable energy. The building is always in interaction with renewable energy, including incoming solar radiation and the environment surrounding the building [1]. Thus, the environment has the thermal potential of the outdoor air, soil, wind, sky, and surfaces facing the building [1, 2]. By ensuring the expedient daily and seasonal interaction of these energies with the building, it is possible to create a comfortable, stable, and economical internal microclimate. For example, energy consumption for heating, cooling, and ventilation can be reduced.

     Structural sandwich panels with core of Advanced Composites Laminates Honeycombs/PU-foams are extensively used in aero- space applications and these are also fabricated for use now in some civil engineering applications. An all Advanced Composites Foot Over Bridge (FOB) system, designed and developed earlier for pedestrian traffic is one such application [1] that may be cited here as an example. During development stage of this FoB, the profile of its decks then spurred out was a single corrugate sheet core sandwiched between two Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) flat laminates. Once fabricated and successfully used, these decks did prove suitable on their assembly, to form other structues such as erecting temporary shelters. Corrugate sheet core profile sandwiched panels have also been tried using the construction materials but in any conventional method of construction as existed, posed certain difficulties in achieving the required core profile without any bonding within the sandwiched slabs and hence its use remained only abandoned. The required monolithic construction becomes now as eased out with demonstration on dispensing of suitable materials through 3D Printers. An study was conducted which included first, the fabrication of a 3D printer in-house (already patented [2]) and then make use of them as well. On functional operation, more complex sandwich core profiles have then been 3D-printed out and thus produced the number of panels hard-ware. Initially, number of these sandwich panels in single corrugated sheet core monolithically were printed out, which were subjected to load test in an experimental set up [3] and their structural behavior studied analytically, correlated and were also reported earlier by the Author as in the literature [4]. It was observed from the 3D printed hardware that the presence of any corrugate core in any sandwich core profile although provides continuous support to the loaded face sheets of the sandwich panels in their longitudinal direction, in their transversal direction however, this corrugate core still remains supporting the face sheets at periodic intervals only. Therefore it is felt that adoption of such core profile creates a vast difference in the available shear resistance between the longitudinal and transverse directions on flexural bending of any of such sandwich panel under application of, for example, uniformly distributed load. To over come this and also attempting to achive the required more depths further so as to exhibit the stronger sandwiched decks with better structural and mechanical behavior, more complex core configuration such as that of dual corrugate sheets core with a flat mid plane was felt to be a better sandwich core profile and therefore panels of different geometries were created in a good numbers, as shown in figures 1, a few of those circular and figure 2(a&b) shows a few of rectangular/square panels. Such an exclusive profile has been an outcome that turned out merely on stacking of two separately 3D printed units of single monolithic corrugated sheet core so developed earlier as briefed above and on initially bonded them together but maintaining here, a certain different orientation in the two corrugate layers. For any required sequential understanding of the structural behavior of any such complex core profile sandwich decks with special emphasis to study analytically, the effect in variation of such corrugation orientations in each distinct tire of the core, some fruitful findings obtained and those were reported elsewhere. It has been observed here that a flat layer which eventually get created monolithically in the middle, in addition to eliminating any bonding process in these sandwich panels development, it has been found also to offer, much more effective bending resistance by these sandwich panels when subjected to any loads over them.

     Home health care management is a viable aid to public health care for the Caribbean especially in the midst of high health cost and dwindling resources in these economies. Managing personal health vitals data from the comfort of the home using technology is a growing approach worldwide and suitable for those who are convalescing, recovering from stroke, surgery, general ailments and for persons just wishing to monitor their health vitals. Sensitization of the public to the advantages of a Telehealth Home Health Care System in realizing hospital avoidance for some illnesses may promote the desire for it. (Ledwin KM, Lorenz R, 2021). This in no way however removes the need for input from the nurse or clinician delivery since the lack of this may increase patient anxiety and satisfaction with the system. (Jolly K, 2018).

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things in human life, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Internet of Vehicle (IoV) transmission, a technology is used to make a vehicle can detect the position and movement of other vehicles up to a specified range, which plays a significant role in upcoming cellular networks is expected to reduce the traffic jam and accidents in social life. Based on the idea of Greedy algorithm, a method to find the partial optimal solution to get the global solution, the purpose of improving the system effect can be achieved by using this algorithm into IoV transmission. In this paper, firstly, the development and technical essentials of IoV transmission system as well as the realization principle of greedy algorithm are briefly introduced. Then the rest of paper mainly discusses the performance of four models implementing greedy algorithm in IoV fields based on MATLAB by pairwise comparison of experimental results and analysis.

Keywords: V2V; IoV transmission; Greedy algorithm; Transmission route; MATLAB

Environmental pollution is one of the most economically and socially significant topics. In addition to reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and changing our plastic consumption habits, there are many other actions we can take to combat environmental pollution. These include promoting sustainable agriculture, protecting our forests and wildlife habitats, and investing in public transportation and bike infrastructure to reduce car emissions.

We can also advocate for policy changes at the government level, such as implementing carbon taxes and regulating industrial and agricultural emissions. Corporations must also take responsibility for their environmental impact and commit to sustainability initiatives.

Individual actions such as supporting clean energy investment, and participating in recycling programs also have a significant impact. Ultimately, the fight against environmental pollution requires a collective effort from all of us. It is time to put the health of our planet and the well-being of future generations ahead of short-term economic gains. Overall, it is everyone's responsibility to take care of the environment, and through collective efforts, we can work towards a cleaner and healthier planet. Together, we can make a difference and create a sustainable future for all.

Keywords: Environmental pollution; waste management; remedition; sustainability; green technologies; environmental awareness; pollution free society; environmental management system; international cooperation

The prediction of English major training model in Higher Vocational Education Based on fuzzy neural network algorithm is the process of using a neural network to predict the future. The main function of this method is to analyze and understand the human brain and its characteristics. This method can be used as an effective tool for predicting or analyzing any kind of data, such as finance, economics, psychology, medicine etc. In addition, it can also be used for understanding people’s behavior and their reactions towards various situations. Higher Vocational and technical education, the importance of talent planning in Higher Vocational and technical education has become increasingly prominent, The premise of each higher vocational and technical talent planning is to make a reasonable prediction of each higher vocational and technical talent and professional training. Fuzzy neural network can effectively deal with nonlinear and fuzzy problems, and plays a great role in intelligent information processing. Therefore, this paper studies the prediction of English professional training model in Higher Vocational Education in fuzzy neural network algorithm.

Keywords: Talent training forecast Higher vocational and technical Fuzzy neural prediction

We report the hydrogen-based nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR), super quantum interference device (SUQUID) and electromagnetic field associating with spin which is a tiny device. Although spin has described in an angular momentum in quantum physics, the methods have not been established to detect a spin directly. So, we employ the HNMR and SUQUID in order to identify magnetization of the material. As one of examples of water, we introduce the difference of water every location. Furthermore, we explain nuclear transformation of radioactive cesium with spin. On the other hand, we discuss the interesting device of an electromagnetic field to engage placer gold and paramagnetic aluminum (insulator) in the resin as one of the medical treatments in the future. We estimate the system to discuss with spin.

    Got a reliable car? With a 252 hp @ 5000 rpm turbo?

     Great! All you need is a super skilled driver, with excellent training certificates, & a few months’ probation period, then all your family will be safe and sound using this vehicle – until last year!

     This approach alone won’t get you through 2023, the autonomous driving era, because if you’re looking for a great conveyance, Hardware specifications are only half the picture, while Human factors are moving out of the picture!

     For a car with less driver interference, high-connectivity, and cybersecurity threats, a high-spec Software is essential for a complete solution, and to develop that Software, your automotive organization needs to benchmark the highest automotive industry standards for System and Software: It needs Automotive SPICE.

     Automotive SPICE (or A-SPICE for short) stands for “Software Process Improvement Capability dEtermination” which is a set of technical standards and models for Software development processes & related business management functions. It is not a process in itself, but it guides you on how to create – and measure – one!

This scientific article discusses the development of the frame-kinematic method for shaping layered-structured surfaces. The application of this method for creating surfaces with specified microstructure parameters and determining their functional properties is described. The article also presents the results of experiments conducted on a special installation, which confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. Overall, the article provides a new perspective on the problem of shaping complex surfaces and can be useful for scientific and practical professionals involved in creating surfaces with desired properties.

Keywords: kinematic analysis; frame-kinematic method (FKM); 3D printing; 3D models

The Internet of Things impacted the Indian industry in a more thrilling way than expected. India realised the actual uses of this technology in the year 2020, and we all knew what happened during that year, "The Covid Pandemic". The IoT-based system has been in the market, most probably since 2009. 11 years is a long period to make a difference. However, we realised the true potential of a lot when we had limited resources and a limited workforce. So we needed more automation & quick Production of essentials. See everyone says that the pandemic has been a curse to all of us, but in my opinion, no it has not been one. Our industries optimised productivity, adopted precautionary measures for safety during this period, and built an overall safer environment for enterprise operations. This has enabled enterprises to take on loT-enabled management systems in 2022 Before the pandemic, only a few Jarge entrepreneurs knew about the lot-based management system which is quite easier than the old process. The previous year has brought a conscious realisation to small entrepreneurs and has led to a nationwide expansion of smart management and systems.

     Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a promising tool in the field of cancer research, offering a wide range of applications that have the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The integration of AI into cancer research is transforming the way scientists approach cancer research, with the potential to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness of cancer treatment.

     One of the most promising applications of AI in cancer research is in the area of early detection. With the help of machine learning algorithms, AI can analyze large datasets of medical images, including mammograms, MRI scans, and CT scans, to identify patterns and detect subtle changes that may indicate the presence of cancer. This has the potential to greatly improve the accuracy of cancer screening, enabling doctors to detect cancer at an earlier stage when it is more treatable.

1. In recent years, cognitive radio ad-hoc networks (CRAN) have become increasingly popular due to their ability to improve spectrum utilization and enhance wireless communication. CRANs are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to improve spectrum utilization and enhance wireless communication; security remains a significant challenge. However, security in CRAN remains a considerable challenge, with malicious actors capable of causing disruptions and stealing data. One promising solution to this problem is using blockchain technology to secure CRANs. The paragraph sets the stage for discussing how blockchain technology can help solve this problem.
2. Blockchain technology, initially developed for the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, has evolved into a sophisticated tool for secure and transparent data management. The blockchain is essentially a decentralized, distributed ledger that records transactions in a tamper-proof manner. This technology can potentially transform the security of CRANs by providing a secure and transparent way to manage communication and ensure data privacy.
   1. Spectrum Management: This section explains how blockchain technology can enhance security in CRANs by providing a secure and transparent method for spectrum management. In a typical CRAN, nodes may compete for available frequencies, leading to interference and reduced network performance. However, using blockchain, nodes can reach a consensus on spectrum usage, ensuring each node gets a fair share of the available spectrum. This can help to reduce interference and improve network performance.

For example, imagine a group of devices in a park that want to use the same frequency band to communicate with each other. Without a centralized authority to manage spectrum usage, these devices could interfere with each other and cause communication issues. However, by using blockchain technology, the devices could come to a consensus on which frequency band each device can operate at a given time, ensuring that there is no interference and that communication is reliable.

1. One-way blockchain technology can enhance security in CRANs is by providing a secure and transparent method for spectrum management. In a typical CRAN, nodes may compete for available frequencies, leading to interference and reduced network performance. Using blockchain, nodes can reach a consensus on spectrum usage, ensuring each node gets a fair share of the available spectrum. This can help to reduce interference and improve network performance.

1. Identity Management: This section explains how blockchain technology can enhance security in CRANs by providing a secure and transparent method for identity management. In a typical CRAN, nodes may be vulnerable to spoofing and impersonation attacks, leading to data theft and network disruptions. However, using blockchain, nodes can authenticate each other using public- key cryptography, ensuring that only authorized nodes can access the network. This can help to prevent unauthorized access and protect against malicious attacks.

For example, consider a group of intelligent sensors in a building that are communicating with each other to monitor temperature and humidity levels. Without a secure method of identity management, a malicious actor could spoof the identity of one of the sensors and gain access to the network, potentially stealing data or disrupting communication. However, using blockchain technology, each sensor can be authenticated using public-key cryptography, ensuring that only authorized sensors can communicate with each other.

The business world has seen and felt a huge change since the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Many industry pioneers and business leaders are waiting for the Fifth Industrial Revolution named as Industry 5.0, focusing on collaboration between Revolution, Innovation and Efficiency. Industry 4.0 was in service for the benefit of the industry and finding their limitations since last 10 years by introducing some important technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing, Cyber-physical system and Cognitive computing etc. Industry 5.0 is changing paradigm and brings the resolution since it will decrease emphasis on the technology and assume that the potential for progress is based on collaboration among the humans and machines. As businesses started to embrace Industry 4.0, along came with the Fifth Industrial Revolution, increased human interaction with smart machines for enhancing efficiency. The industrial revolution is refining customer satisfaction by utilizing personalized products. There is also debate of the applications enabled in industry 5.0 like healthcare, supply chain, production in manufacturing, cloud manufacturing, etc.

Real dynamical systems tend to contain individual elements with nonlinear characteristics. Such characteristics correspond to a number of elements:

• limiters, as well as devices with saturation of magnetic characteristics in electronic and electromagnetic systems;
• Rubber parts, vibration dampers, as well as leaf springs in mechanical systems , etc.

Therefore, when studying oscillations in such systems, it is necessary to take into account the nonlinearity and characteristics of individual elements and the features of oscillations inherent in nonlinear systems with such characteristics [13, 30]. The most significant features of nonlinear oscillatory systems are as follows:

• They do not apply the principle of superposition;
• Several equilibrium positions may exist in them;
• Their free oscillations are notizochronous, that is, the frequency of free oscillations depends on the initial conditions;
• They are ambiguous, that is, the results of the solution depend not only on the frequency, but also on the amplitude of the perturbations; it is possible to appear oscillations with frequencies of 2, 3, etc. times lower frequencies of the main oscillations - subharmonic oscillations, as well as with frequencies of 2, 3, etc. times higher frequencies of the main oscillations - superharmonic (ultraharmonic) oscillations.
• The possibility of the appearance of self-oscillatory modes, i.e. non-extinguishing oscillations even in the absence of an active perturbation, despite the presence of dissipative forces.

Global optimization sets itself the mission of identifying the most interesting solutions in the overall search space. But actually, it is only the best of all discovered candidate solutions in the explored search space, which depends, in turn, on initial positions of searching points. It is practically impossible to cover the entire search space of NP-hard problems, in a reasonable time, whatever the method used, since the size of this space exceed the capabilities of all sophisticated algorithms implemented on any powerful computer even parallel ones. That is what justify the increased interest to nature-inspired metaheuristics, currently, based on a strategy of balance between exploitation and exploration, which make their approaches looking like smart. Exploration guarantees that the used algorithm will reach the widest possible extent of the undiscovered areas, whereas exploitation guarantees that such algorithm will search for the best solutions inside the most promising areas, already discovered. Authors study, in this work, different implementations of exploration and exploitation mechanisms utilized in many well-known nature-inspired metaheuristics applied to both uni-model and multi-model benchmarks. Uni-model benchmarks aim to test exploitation while multi-model benchmarks aim to test exploration. Obtained results show the superiority of TSO metaheuristic to find the adequate balance between exploration and exploitation leading it to discover in all tested cases, at least, one of the global optima or one of the best near global optima.

Keywords: Smart search; Load balancing; Exploitation; Exploration; Relative best solution; Nature inspired metaheuristics

     In 2019, the United Nations announced that over 60 countries had committed to carbon neutrality by 2050. This tremendously accelerated the dynamics for the development of green, carbon-neutral steelmaking technologies. One way to replace the carbon-intensive blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace (BF/BOF) steelmaking route is to use hydrogen-based direct reduction and an electric arc furnace (EAF).

     About 70% of the world’s steel is produced via the BF/BOF route, an efficient but highly carbon-intensive production method. With limited investment cycles left until 2050, the steelmaking industry must decide which alternative technology for the reduction of iron ore to invest in within the next five to ten years.

     One widely discussed alternative to traditional BF/BOF steelmaking is the hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron ore and EAF. Most of the current pilot projects focus on applying shaft furnaces for direct reduction with hydrogen. However, applying this method would generate the need for several hundred million tons of additional high-quality DR-grade pellets annually, with the associated impacts on pellet availability and prices.

     An alternative is hydrogen-based direct reduction using fine ore instead of pellets. Metso Outotec’s Circored technology is the only process for iron ore reduction based on 100% hydrogen that has proven its functionality and performance in an industrial-scale demonstration plant.

     Circored technology is flexible in its production setup. Besides merchant cold HBI (hot briquetted iron), which can easily be shipped, hot and cold DRI (direct reduced iron) can be produced and directly linked to EAFs and BOFs as a substitute for hot metal and/or other virgin iron units. This guarantees the production of the high-quality steel products that have been traditionally the strength of integrated steel plants.

     In this paper, the principle of the Circored process and the results of the demonstration plant operation are described, along with the possible role of the Circored fine ore direct reduction process in the industry’s transition toward green steel.

This research focuses on optimum usage of industrial waste in soil stabilization. Shear strength alteration happens in subsoil due to environmental fluctuations or seismic events that are generally observed in hilly areas with unsupported backfills. This problem becomes worst in the case of problematic soil that causes collapse or swelling followed by shrinkage in contact with water due to the high anisotropic nature of the subsoil. The cyclic behavior of various problematic soils under transient loading directly incorporates the economic loss and human lives. The present experimental work has briefly described the suitability of using rice husk ash (RHA) in soil stabilization and reducing the dumping of toxic waste responsible for environmental pollution. In place of common stabilizer units such as fly ash and pond ash, we use a cheap stabilizing agent which has no use in soil improvement in past as single unit. RHA is used as a chemical stabilizer as it contains high percentage of silica. If the soil has a larger fraction of clay mineral, then RHA (produced by controlled incineration ~400-500°C) mixed soil in different proportion (4 and 6% by weight of soil sample) performed differently in serviceability and workability tests on soil sample like UCS, modified proctor test, CBR, Atterberg’s limit, permeability, consolidation test, etc. Excellent results were obtained at 6% optimum dosage of RHA in locally available laterite soil (inside NIT Agartala campus) from NE part of India.

Keywords: Rice husk ash; Soil strength; Serviceability

The use of turbochargers nowadays is growing rapidly. However, compliance with stricter environmental regulations for internal combustion engines and the need to reduce fuel consumption are emerging in the above-mentioned group of components. The documentation describes the analytical determination, measurement options and the impact on the turbocharger of axial loads, also known as axial loads, in various publications. The resulting axial force, due to the narrow axial tolerance ranges used in the turbocharger, can cause damage to its structure above a certain level. To avoid this, a so-called axial bearing is installed which, together with the damping effect of the surrounding oil film, prevents excessive rotation of the rotating part in the axial direction. However, under certain conditions, the presence of the oil film between the rotating unit and the stationary axial bearing may be eliminated by heavy stress, so that not only significant friction, but also damage to the bearings and ultimately, the turbocharger may occur. In order to avoid injuries and reduce the friction losses of the charger, it is necessary to define the stresses present here as accurately as possible and to simulate the effect of changing conditions. The purpose of this document is to process the methods and knowledge of this publication in various publications, and to assess further research options that model the impact of the stress caused by EURO 7 and further environmental standards.

Keywords: turbocharger; axial force; emission; internal combustion engines

Financial Management assists ways to attain the goals and objectives within the academic institutions. People understand the key features of the financial management that includes the organisation, transparency and awareness about the features that operate the institution ethically and legally. Managing the academic finance is effectively a complicated series of monthly and annual administration of finance at different levels. The success of academics initiates the momentum for the flow of funds within and outside the Academic Institutions. However, this is not merely by chance. It requires rigorous designing and executing of the initiatives for and by the key stakeholders. This is the normal misconception that the financial management of the corporate sector organizations is difficult than the Academic Institutions. In general, the versatility of the financial management of the Corporate Sector Industries could be more but depth, uncertainty and complexity of the financial management of Academic Institutions is at par with that Corporate Sector Companies. In both the sectors, the Human Resource element makes the management more dynamic and challenging. In Academics as well, the employees are determined, ambitious and obsessive as well. This calls for the ability to push back and win their support. Management offers opportunities and resources to the employees and other stakeholders. However, there is an impact of the psychology and mind-set on the financial management. All the Stakeholders are crucial for the Academic Institutions even though the financial management gets affected to a large extent by the Top Management and their decision making.

Open-source software has pumped up a revolutionary change in the way the software industry functions. But it has also increased the concerns related to software licensing issues, when we receive, make copies or distribute any software. Generally, a proprietary software license agreement clearly mentions about its transfer of rights to use, modify, copy, distribute or derivative works. But due to a variety of open license standards and their varied impact, sometimes confusion arises for volunteers/open source developers to choose the proper licensing for their software code. In this context, a clear understanding is necessary about the open source licensing issues for the FOSS developers, enthusiasts and volunteers [1].

From the virtual assistants in our smartphones to the self-driving automobiles on our roadways, artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming more and more pervasive in our daily lives. Also, a variety of industries, including healthcare, banking, retail, and manufacturing, are using AI technology. It is critical to assess the current level of the technology and its possible effects on society as the usage of AI increases. We'll examine some of the most important data on artificial intelligence in this editorial.

     The worldwide AI market is anticipated to increase from $58.3 billion in 2021 to $309.6 billion in 2026, at a compound yearly growth rate of 39.7%, according to a recent analysis by Markets and Markets. Big data analytics, increased acceptance of cloud-based AI services, and rising interest in chatbots and virtual assistants with AI capabilities are some of the drivers fueling this growth. With a predicted CAGR of 44.9% from 2021 to 2026, the healthcare business is anticipated to be one of the fastest-growing industries for AI. The growing application of AI in drug development, medical imaging, and customized medicine is fueling this increase. A estimated CAGR of 41.1% for the financial services industry from 2021 to 2026 indicates that it will likewise be a significant adopter of AI. In this sector, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are employed for fraud detection, risk management, and customer service. There is a lot of potential for both beneficial and harmful effects on society in the quickly expanding fields of AI's impact on the labor market, facial recognition, deepfake, and cyberattack. As AI develops, it is crucial that creators, decision-makers, and the general public collaborate to make sure that new technologies are created and applied in a way that is open, equitable, and helpful to all.

Nowadays, the different custom power topologies are being competed in the utility market and also, their impact is compared on the basis of shunt compensation. By keeping the improved design of the DSTATCOM in the power system, there are critical issues to maximize the advantage of the existing device. Also, possible synchronization between different compensators for the purpose of achieving better PQ solutions is studied. Still, Power engineers and scientists are looking forward to launching a new compensator to strengthen its filtering competency and have a competitive edge on PQ issues. Depending on the application, the inverter requires specific features such as voltage gain, size, efficiency, cost etc. Voltage source inverters (VSIs) and current source inverters (CSIs) are two well known inverters widely used in various applications. Since VSI reduces the voltage level where as CSI increases the voltage. But both have a limit in compensation capability . The above drawbacks of VSI and CSI were solved by the impedance source inverter (ZSI) family. The X-shape ZSI consists of two inductors and two capacitors. Its configuration cause to increase its boost capability in one stage through a shoot-through state. In other words the upper and lower switches of its leg are turned on simultaneously, which is impossible in the traditional VSI .

Major cities are highly endangered from thefts in a range of ways, such chain robberies, robberies committed by persons inside stores, and home invasions. These residential crimes take place by breaking in via the locked doors. It is sometimes possible to prevent murder of an owner during a late-night heist by having cops patrol the area at night and taking other security measures, according to state police. However, this strategy can't stop home invasion robberies because authorities are unable to search every single house. A number of modules, including Auto-Configuration and Management, Communication Protocol, Auto-monitoring and Control, and Objects Security Systems, are included in the proposed generic framework. The proposed generic framework comprises various modules such as Auto-Configuration and Management, Communication Protocol, auto-monitoring and Control, and Objects Access Control. The architecture of the new generic framework and functionality of various modules in the framework are also presented. The proposed generic framework is helpful for making every house as smart house to increase the comfort of inhabitants with security. Each of the components of generic framework is robust in nature in providing services at any time. The components of smart home system are designed to take care of various issues such as scalability, interoperability, device adaptability, security and privacy. The proposed generic framework is designed to work on all vendor boards and variants of Linux and Windows operating system.

Keywords: Raspberry Pi; spy cam; Door Sensor; LCD; GSM; GPS; Buzzer

This paper aimed at analysing the current state of methods of increasing methane generation during treatment of organic sewage sludge. The authors considered the theoretical principles of biogas production and the main directions of intensification of methane fermentation processes. A chemical study of sediments produced at sewage treatment plants in the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine, showed that the C/N ratio in the investigated excess activated sludge is 4-5, in the mixture of primary and secondary sediment - 5-6, in sediment from sludge sites - 6 -10, which is significantly less than the ratio of 20:1, which limits the negative impact of increased nitrogen content in organic substrate for methane fermentation. The directions for rising speed of the first phase of sediment fermentation and directions for increasing methane output during fermentation of a complex organic substrate have been determined. The promising technologies of adding organic substrates, richer in carbon compared to sewage sludge, have been noted. This solution will not only make it possible to improve productivity of fermenters, but at the same time resolve the issue of organic waste management.

A highly nonlinear relationship exists between complex driving conditions, external influencing factors and vehicle energy consumption. Considering the spatiotemporal characteristics of vehicle operation, the significant feature parameters are extracted to improve the accuracy of vehicle energy consumption prediction. In this paper, an electric vehicle energy consumption prediction method that integrates real vehicle operation data and machine learning methods is proposed. Based on a large amount of real vehicle operation data, data cleaning and data integration methods are used to divide different kinematic segments. The key features of vehicle operation are extracted from the kinematic segment, and the correlation coefficient analysis is used to screen important feature values. Based on the XGBoost algorithm, the vehicle termination SOC prediction model is established to further obtain the results of the vehicle energy consumption. Through real vehicle operation data verification, the energy consumption prediction error within 0.04kWh, the results indicate that the proposed method gives out high accuracy.

Single directive beam Antennas suffer from a sufficient number of bottlenecks. Alternatively a multi-beam Antenna(MBA’s) where Antennas work independently and concurrently to achieve High Gain and Beamforming in the RF domain can prove as a candidate solution to present day Single Beam Antennas as they serve as key enablers for Massive-MIMO configuration, a breakthrough towards the conventional MIMO where a very large number of service Antennas operate fully coherently and adaptively. Here MBA’s operating in the mm-Wave band have attracted much interest and have been rigorously investigated here. With the demanding requirements of 5G which prove as advantageous solutions to today’s spectrum shortage at conventional cellular frequencies. Since it is simultaneously difficult to obtain High Gain and Wide coverage , Quasi-Conical Beam Antennas have been proposed as candidate solution to today’s problems. Such Antennas produce High Gain pencil beam which electrically scan along a cone to provide enormous special diversity in the time domain. The concept is based on the development of a novel Fabry-Perot-Fermi Antenna with wide Angle steering capability to produce Fan-Beam in the azimuth direction along a cone. Furthermore they are different from conventional MBA’s in the sense that no additional beamforming network like Buttler-Matrix or Rotman-Lens is required to produce the multi-beam and FP Antenna itself acts as the radiator. Also the addition of an additional beamforming network increases complexity in terms of Size and Cost. Initially an Array of 3-FP Antenna elements were arranged in a back-to-back tri-element configuration or CONBA-(Conical Beamformed Array) orientation to form diversity combination in the time domain by switching each individual elements for a time period to cover the enormous angular Spatial range. Simulation and measurement results show that the S-parameter is below (S₁₁ < -10dB) at an operating bandwidth from (10.17GHz-19.92GHz) and a wide Impedence Bandwidth around 64.805% illustrating a Wideband nature. The novelty of the proposed work is that only 3-FP Antenna elements can cover the entire 360ο range in the azimuth plane(φ-plane) which is an improvement over other proposed works where 8 or more than 8 elements cover the entire range. For this enormous Parametric studies have been performed to achieve such a performance improvement. Also the configuration of FP Antennas have wide Scan Angle capability of 50^ο(8^ο - 58^ο) in the elevation plane(θ-plane) which is achievable far better. These characteristics make the configuration suitable for UAV and Space Applications.

Index Terms: High-gain; wide band; quasi-conical beam; Fabry-Perot antenna; beamforming; Rotman-lens; Buttler-Matrix

Friction stir processing is a very promising method widely joining varieties of metals in other relatively marine, shipbuilding, automotive industries, aeronautical and heavy machinery industries due to the following advantages i.e. low porosity, less tendency to cracking and fewer defects. Research investigates the mechanical properties for input parameters welding speed, rotational speed, tilt angle, axial force and output parameters tensile strength, micro hardness on advancements of aluminum alloys by using friction stir processing on based with cost Taguchi L9 used for the carrying with research on experiments with trailing on parent materials is different ranges of input responses on welding speed is 60 mm/min , rotational speed 1250 rpm, tilt angle 3⁰, and axial force of 12 KN output responses tensile strength are 167 MPa measured on the basis of ASTM on specimens and analysis for carrying and used design of experiments and mathematical modeling, the relations with empirical process useful for the development for automated design.

Keywords: Aeronautical Industries; Mechanical Properties; Advancements of Aluminium Alloys

Over the past few years, the use of electronic health records (EHRs), wearable devices and health apps has grown in popularity. Due to the abundance of collected and integrated data, self-management of health becomes more practical. Among the challenges facing the current health system are intelligent homes and intelligent workplaces made possible by the Internet of Things. The Web of Things (WoT) is a subset of the Internet of Things that aims to connect everyday things to the Internet and manage interoperability. Furthermore, collaboration of health data with data from various devices at home and at work, as well as open data on the Internet, is critical for successful and accessible health self-management. Unfortunately, shared health data may be untrustworthy for a variety of reasons. Uncertainty can be caused by heterogeneity, incompleteness, unavailability, and data inconsistency. To address the problem of health data uncertainty, we provide a probabilistic approach for composing uncertain Health Connected Data and computing the probabilities to deliver the final degree of uncertainty. We also present a method for parsing typical WoT objects into a new programmatic form that mimics the uncertainty of health data. Using a health care use case, we show how our technique successfully integrates uncertain health data with home, work, and sport environment data for the WoT domain.

Keywords: Uncertainty; WoT; uncertain IoT; REST Data; Integration; Probability

A new type of wind turbine has been created called the bladeless turbine, which uses a completely new type to capture wind energy, as it works with a minimum of moving parts to generate electric current using the vibration produced by the wind. In this chapter, numerical modeling of airflow around a two-dimensional cylinder was made and compared with the reference values to ensure the correctness of the program used, and then the three-dimensional cylinder was studied and the numerical study expanded to include several cases. Where the study was conducted on 5 different shapes of the mast by changing the angles of inclination of the cylinder under boundary conditions T=288.16 K, P=l atm, V = 0.0003 m/s and studying the effect of model dimensions on the results of the modeling process by comparing the pressure diagrams around the studied shapes in order to ensure that the results are within the least relative error. The results also showed that with increasing the angle of inclination of the cylinder, a lower pressure drop was obtained. Numerical modeling of the airflow around the bladeless wind turbine was also made according to two cases, the first case when the same boundary conditions V =0.0003 m/s, T = 288.16 K, P = l atm, the second case at reference boundary conditions V = 3 m/s, T = 300K, P = l atm, Using a regular mesh and hexahedron, the density of the used mesh has been modeled, and then reviewing the effect of the used perturbative model on the results, choosing the perturbative model best suited to the studied case, and comparing it with the reference case.

Keywords: Vortex Induced Vibrations; Bladeless Windmill; Vortex Shedding; Numerical Modeling

The shoreline, which is the boundary line between water and land is undergoing constant changes due to varying dynamic factors like, bathymetry, wave climate, currents, and coastal orientation. Shoreline movement causes erosion and accretion on thecoast. The repeated storms and the rise in sea levels lead to coastal flooding and which contributes toerosion/accretion problem on the coast. For the present attempt, the shoreline evolution is analysed by using numerical method, due to the development of Thangassery harbour in Kerala coast in India. To predict the shoreline evolutions at Thangassery harbour Mike 21 SW and LITPACK modules are utilized. The studies reveal that after the harbour construction, there is tremendous accretion on the immediate south of leeward breakwater followed by erosion trend.

Keywords: harbour; breakwater; shoreline; erosion; accretion; LITPACK

While block chain, clean energy and virtual technology gradually complete the profound deconstruction of regional culture, there is also the "re-organization" and "re-visualization" of regional culture. The game paradigm is the operation mode, communication language and interaction mechanism of e-sports. With "digital drive, cultures, art, innovation" as the starting point, the visual elements of the research on regional culture and block chain extending reality, realize the decentralized VR/AR/MR born from the physical world and the world seamless link (heart) and yuan universe the fusion, the technology is advance esports transmission iterative build regional culture important focus.

Keywords: e-sports; cross-modal; regional culture; iterative construction; interactive experience

In 2008 several Construction bodies sat together and formed The Institute for Lean Construction Excellence (ILCE) with the objective to spread awareness about Lean practices. At present, several Construction majors like L & T, Shapoorji Pallonji, Afcons, URC Construction, TATA Realty, Godrej Construction & many more both construction or non-construction companies are following Lean Construction practices.

International students have greater difficulties navigating a variety of academic and social contexts than host nationals. Language-related issues were among the most often cited difficulties by students studying abroad. Many students who study abroad and rely on language to navigate have a tough time learning a new language. If asked to identify the most significant influence on language learning, most teachers and students would likely name motivation. Teachers of foreign languages frequently use the term "motivation" when describing successful or failed students. Nonetheless, there is no doubt that motivation is the most complex and difficult challenge confronted by language learners, particularly in this digital age. Numerous research on the efficiency of computer-assisted language learning have been conducted in recent years, and the literature on the psychology of language learning is vast. Regarding the psychological aspect of a mobile-assisted language-learning environment, relatively little research has been undertaken. In addition, few research have directly examined the attitudes of international students regarding the usage of mobile devices to motivate their foreign language learning. The purpose of this article is to investigate Chinese over-seas university students' use of MALL applications to motivate foreign language learning in Germany. The study evaluated whether and how perceived tools or activities can affect learners' motivation to acquire foreign languages in informal settings. In addition, the reasons why mobile devices motivate language use and specific types of motivation are investigated.

Some aspects of the application of probabilistic methods in the problems of dynamics, strength and reliability of rail crews are consistently outlined. Methods for generating random perturbation and solving problems about random oscillations of crews with linear and nonlinear characteristics of spring suspension are considered. It is shown that random oscillations of nonlinear systems are non-stationary and to determine their probabilistic characteristics it is necessary to apply the averaging procedure for a set of implementations.

The semi-automatic car parking system has been used in many cities across the world due to its many benefits, including its tiny model, compaction, need for less space, and speedy construction. The car parking system solution may hold the key to addressing the parking needs of urban areas since it has specifications that are appropriate to the needs and characteristics of HoChiMinh City. However, in terms of sustainable and aesthetically pleasing urban development, choosing the best location to place the parking model is difficult. Therefore, this research aims to determine the selection of criteria affecting the location of semi-automatic car parking criteria based on a Multicriteria Decision Making Model (MCDM). The contribution of this study is a set of guidelines with four primary criteria and eighteen sub-criteria to assist private businesses and local management organizations choose the best location for semi-automatic parking to maximize efficiency and toward urban sustainability.

In view of the poor evaluation effect of MOOC learning efficiency, this study proposes an intelligent evaluation method of MOOC learning efficiency based on Kirkpatrick's model. Firstly, Kirkpatrick's model is used to screen the evaluation indexes of MOOC learning efficiency, so as to construct the intelligent evaluation system of teaching-learning efficiency. Then optimize the intelligent evaluation steps of teaching efficiency. The experimental results show that this method has high practicability and accuracy in practical application, and can fully meet the research requirements.

So what is the Russian engineering school? Why exactly is it necessary to restore it? Among the many publications on the founding of 30 engineering schools in Russia, there is almost no explanation of this phenomenon [1]. Perhaps this is due to the fact that historians of science know more about the “Russian engineering school”. Experts in the history of science and Higher Education in Russia are in solidarity in their main assessments and conclusions [2]. According to their opinion, from the birth of engineering education in Russia under Peter the Great and up to the present day, the engineering school has been preparing true engineering élite, who were capable of resolving the most challenging issues of ensuring security and technological development of the country. Since the end of the 19th century it has achieved such a level that it has always been a role model for others to follow. For a better understanding of the Russian engineering education, it is necessary to look at the main periods of its formation and development [3].

The Forces between two charges are one the four fundamental forces that keep the world together Indeed when a single photon is emitted, it spreads over a system, the intensity decrease by square law of the distance which compliant with conservation of energy. A changing magnetic field creates an electric field, and a changing electric field creates a magnetic field, and an accelerating electric field creates an accelerating magnetic field. Electric lines are modeled for visualizing the effect in space of electrostatic forces that occur two or more charged particles. Maxwell equation provides a Mathematical model for electric, optical and radio technologies such as power generation, electrical motor and wireless communication. Unfortunately, Maxwell’s equation requires some advanced techniques which lie well beyond the understanding of this paper. The derivation of maxwell’s equations is approach established for the time -dependent from static laws, The variation of electrical fields and magnetic field and Faraday’s law can be derived without any assumption relativistic.

     The Outcome-based Education (OBE) introduce in the United States since 1994. Many countries started onwards for universities also implementing in public schools system since 2008.

     In Outcome-based education, teachers are the facilitators, rather than lecturers. In OBE teachers guide students through learning, hands-on, curricular activities & interactions to guide student engagement with new study material. Also motivate & encourage the application of developing knowledge and skills through the students.

     In Outcome-based education, teachers are the facilitators, rather than lecturers. In OBE teachers guide students through learning, hands-on, curricular activities & interactions to guide student engagement with new study material. Also motivate & encourage the application of developing knowledge and skills through the students.

     The concept of green supply chain is fast gaining momentum, because of the environmental concerns. The 6 R’s namely Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Rethink, Refuse, and Repair are securing importance. A new concept of remanufacturing is also coming up Due to limited availability of natural resources, there is constant demand to reduce consumption [1]. The manufacturers are constantly taking account of the environmental concerns while designing supply chains. The green supply chain management (GSCM) primarily emphasizes on reducing the waste generation and reusing the waste. GSCM is “integrating environmental thinking into supply chain management, including product design, material sourcing and selection, manufacturing processes, delivery of the final products to the consumers, and end-of-life management of the product after its useful life” [2].

     Considering the issues of human interaction with the environment, there is often a need to know the permissible limits of impacts under which the natural-technogenic system does not leave a stable permissible state. This applies to the most diverse areas of scientific and practical activity in natural or human-modified environments. For example, in geotechnics - it is necessary to know the limits of static and dynamic loads on soils, resistance to shear and other stresses; in hydrogeology - to additional infiltration feeding of groundwater, pressure gradients; in thermal physics - resistance to temperature effects. That is, it is necessary to assess the permissible limits in a wide variety of areas of physical interactions in the "human - environment" system.

     The need to move away from fossil energy sources has never been so strong. One of the technologies under the spotlight in recent years is certainly that of Fuel Cells (FC). Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) or Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) represent different developing paths of this technology, but they all share a couple of benefits with respect to other energy conversion devices: they have no moving parts and a quite simple working principle. But how can we push forward the development of FCs?

Cow leather, an animal product, is a common material. Despite being robust, it raises moral, social, and environmental concerns. The world is warming up, plant habitats and plant origins are being destroyed, artificial colours have an adverse effect on the environment and human health, and animal products and hair are utilized to make various types of leather and pricey fashionable clothing. Vegan leather, which was produced by recreating leftovers or growing living cells, may be a recent innovation for the manifesto on sustainable fashion. Another biomaterial manufactured without fleshing any animal is environmentally friendly and animal free leather, often known as "vegan leather" or "artificial leather". As an alternative to cow leather or other animal leather, the creation of vegan leather using a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) can be investigated. There is currently few research on the several substrates that can be used to create vegan leather using this process. In order to provide plant-based vegan leather, this paper used a variety of plant-based substrates, including SCOBY and kombucha tea. To sum up, this substance might also be thought of as a potential leather substitute for use in leather accessories like handbags and upper shoe soles.

Business leaders with aptitude for using data intelligibly will be able to perform better post COVID-19 outbreak era. Literature posits that organisations are required to recognize the prudent role data plays in making crucial decisions about strategic directions and ground-breaking decisions for maximising all stakeholders contribution, organisational growth, environmental, social and governance legitimacy. This is particularly pivotal during the time of catastrophic disasters or events that pose potential threats to business continuity and sustainability. While a lot has been researched in relation to Big Data, not much is available in literature regarding Big Qualitative (Qual) Data, and methods of computational approaches for transforming raw big qual data to information pieces that may produce relevant knowledge required for decision-making. This study proposes that informed decision-making will be beneficial to leaders who need to be at the cutting-edge of knowledge production within the dimension of ideation and innovation. The COSTA Technique provides researchers and organisations with real-time technological enablers, using mix-media applications and web-based approaches that provides business intelligence capabilities with high levels of efficiency and integrity to be utilised in decision making.

The proposed approach to Data-Driven Decision-Making applies the capabilities framework that focuses on five key variables in decision-making, such as data governance, data analytics, insights exploitation, performance management and data integration. The final outcome of utilizing the cloud-based COSTA QDA and technique culminates in presentation of methodologies that demonstrates how large volumes of textual data, also known and referred to as “big qualitative data” may be transformed to structured, coherent, meaningful and timely decision-making enablers.

     Manufacturing components and parts for a specific application are generally fabricated by traditional methods followed by industrial standards. With the modern era of machining components new materials, composites and alloys have also been developed for particular applications having desirable and required properties. Boron steel is one such material being used in manufacturing industries for agricultural spades, knives, blades, etc. in its raw form. In the present work, boron steel's properties and chemical composition have been compared when it is heat treated. It was observed that the working life span has been increased effectively and efficiently. This has also been verified using ANSYS.

     Bird's nest is a common defect in transmission line, which seriously affects the safe and stable operation of the line. This paper presents a method of bird's nest hazard level identification based on improved yolov5 and location constraints, which solves the problem of bird's nest multiple identification and hazard level classification. We integrate GhostModule and efficient channel attention (ECA) to design a lightweight attention mechanism convolution module (LAMCM). The original yolov5 is improved by using LAMCM and adding a prediction head, which improves the detection ability of small targets and alleviates the negative impact of scale violence. We only identify the bird's nest on the panorama of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) patrol, and classify the hazard level of the bird's nest according to the location constraints of the bird's nest and insulator. Experiments on coco dataset and self built transmission line dataset (TL) show that our algorithm is superior to other commonly used algorithms. On the COCO dataset, our algorithm achieved 49.1% AP at a real-time speed of ~79FPS on Tesla V100. On the TL dataset, the recognition effect of our algorithm on towers, insulators and bird nests has improved to varying degrees compared with the original yolov5. In particular, the recall rate of bird nest identification for three hazard levels has increased by more than 3%. The average recall rate of bird nest hazard level identification is 93%, and the average accuracy rate is 93.5%.

     A better understanding of hydraulic fracturing behavior is even more crucial in unconventional plays as more new-well or infill-well are drilled and completed nowadays. Having integrated different sources of information/data such as the general trend of hydraulic fracturing practices during the last 20 years, DFIT and fracturing simulation, core analysis data, outcrops, the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (HFTS), and fracturing monitoring in the wells or between wells such as pressure, tracers, DAS, DTS, DSS and so on. After synthesizing all kinds of data and information and applying multidisciplinary fusion ideas to the analysis, we proposed an innovative conceptual model of hydraulic fracturing coming along with some associated concepts; The transdisciplinary integration approach we used in this research follows all fundamental physics law and meticulously logical reasoning and analogy with crossing validation, the first principle thinking epistemologically because of the physics of unconventional fracturing is much more complicated than any single discipline can explain. More often than not, the solution coming from any discipline or data source is not a unique one. The cognition of the morphology or the called fracture pattern of hydraulic fracturing is critical, which is virtually the conceptual model of fracturing. The conceptual model can directly impact the fracturing design and the way to evaluate actual fracturing.

     Using the proposed conceptual model, Fracturing Impact Volume (FIV), one can better explain what fracturing has done for unconventional plays and why it worked. With the proposed conceptual model and tossing aside the fracture network as the fracturing goal, many current fracturing practices can be improved significantly, and the way of production can be revised. This is a significant concept shifting in the unconventional fracturing arena. It is certainly not an easy task, but this paper makes a compelling case. With the FIV model in mind, the perception of “the greater the pumping rate, the higher net frac pressure, the better the fracturing to be” becomes unnecessary or makes little sense. This paper will decode the shale oil/gas flow mechanisms and demonstrate a better way to fracture and produce unconventional resources like shale oil/gas.

The past decade has identified Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) as one of the promising technology for intelligent communication among vehicles. VANET supports the dissemination of safety, warning, and infotainment messages. Today, there is a growing demand for location-specific and infotainment messages among urban travelers. The class of applications that disseminates infotainment messages are called user centric applications. The task of dissemination is expected to be remunerative to promote cooperation among the vehicles. A vehicle that disseminates these user-centric messages earns a reward in the form of an incentive. Generally, the incentive bring in greed with a threat of malicious behavior in the network. Previously, several incentive-based approaches have been proposed that handle malicious behavior and maintain the equilibrium of rewards with the perspective of the Vehicular Network (VN). However, the Reinforcement Learning (RL) paradigm with its intelligent algorithms combined with vehicular networks is capacitated to handle several challenges in the incentive-based approaches. In this paper, we explore how RL environments can be adopted for the rewarding techniques in VANET. The paper concludes with open research challenges in this area.

A geometrical problem is to determine the location of the image equidistant from four points that do not coincide in three-dimensional space. A practical example of this problem is to determine the location of the lamp equidistant from four lamps, arbitrarily located in the hall of an art gallery, a sports hall, on a site in a park and other objects. A method has been developed for the graphical determination of the geometrical place of an image equidistant from four points that do not coinciding in three-dimensional space. A methodology for the graphical solution of engineering geometric problems is proposed.

     The Yellow River has a famous tributary called the Wei River, the Wei River has a famous tributary called the Jing River, and the Jing River has a less famous tributary called the Malian River; Not far from the place where the Malian River flows into the Jing River, a bridge was built in the sixties of the last century, and one end of the bridge connects to Changwu County in Shaanxi Province, the other end of the bridge is connected to the Qingyang area of Gansu Province, so the bridge was named Changqing Bridge; From here, tracing the Malian River up, you can find an old county town called Qingyang County and now called Qingcheng County, this The old county town is lifted by two rivers, east and west, on a high loess terrace; Although this is a small county town, it is a historical city that can be counted in the country, how long the history of ancient China is, how long the history of this county town is, and the historical story of this city cannot be told for three days and three nights; The small river that protects this city in the east has a poetic name "Rouyuan River", and if you go up the Rouyuan River, you can meet a smaller county seat It is Huachi County; Not far from the county seat of Huachi there is a small village called Zhaogoumen The village met a drilling team in 1970 of the last century, and the drilling team with the number 1858 made a hole there The well for exploring for oil, the name of the well is Keisanjing; On August 7 of that year, I saw the industrial oil flow, which was a groundbreaking event in Qingyang, Longdong, people From this, it is known that there is oil hidden in the depths of Qingyang. At that time, the country's economic construction, especially war readiness, urgently needed a large amount of oil, and Qingyang happened to discover oil, a great happy event Yikes! The Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to this great happy event, and the State Council and the Central Military Commission have jointly issued it Document No. 81 1970 entrusted the glorious task of exploiting the oil here The leading organ organized by the Lanzhou Military Region and set up in Lanzhou marched all the way east and then east, until the place where the bridge was built, and then set up camp. Because the name of the bridge is Changqing Bridge, the leading organ that has set up camp here has taken them on a mission That is, the oilfield that was developed and built was named Changqing Oilfield. Who would have imagined that fifty years later, this oil field that was discovered from that well and named after that bridge, It has become a world-class oilfield with an annual output of 60 million tons.

The progress and status of information design at home and abroad is comparative analysis. Based on the Web of Science and CNKI databases, the relevant documents of foreign and domestic information design were obtained as data resources, and bibliometric analysis methods and content analysis methods were used to draw knowledge maps combined with the visualization functions of VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, and systematically analyzed the distribution of cooperation networks. Three aspects of hot topic distribution and time zone evolution analysis reflect the research status of this field. The research hotspots and trends in the field of information design at home and abroad are different. The foreign research in this field is earlier, the research institutions are closely connected, the research content is more detailed, and the human-oriented concept of information is concerned; the domestic research in this field is relatively late, there is a lack of connection between research institutions, and the research content is relatively scattered, focusing on the technology and method research of information design. The research in the field of information design in China should return to the human-oriented concept of metacognition, start from the information ontology, establish a research chain to explore human needs, and at the same time promote the research on intelligent information dissemination, and use innovative thinking to reconstruct more complex information problems. More detailed cross-cutting research, to establish rich information design context logic, to meet the more specific information needs of users.

Research suggests that online teaching has emerged as a crucial field of study in virtual education. The central aim of online teaching implies integration of new electronic devices and technologies in such a way so that it meets the goals of the curriculum and student learning environment without affecting the active learning in both online and offline mode. Many effective teaching methods are practiced by the educators to deliver the course online during class hours and outside class. In this paper, we present student’s response in promoting self-learning and collaborative-learning approaches. To achieve this, proper implementation and structuring of course modules, usage of appropriate software’s, proper organisation of learning aids are considered to meet the competency needs of students that supports to enhance their self-learning abilities. Student evaluation during class hours enables educators to analyse effectiveness of teaching in online classes. The results of this approach is evaluated by collecting student’s response.

Keywords: Virtual learning strategies, e-learning, peer learning.

In an era of rapid advances in information technology, augmented reality is becoming increasingly evident as a new technological medium for creating interesting learning experiences for the children's education sector. It uses computer-generated 3D information to embed virtual objects into the physical environment, providing children with an interactive, immersive, virtual-real environment, and it is one of the powerful tools for arousing children's interest in learning and enhancing their cognitive abilities. In this paper, we develop a museum learning service based on a PBL (play-based learning) model that combines AR technology, children's games and museum learning. The practice was eventually implemented in the Chinese Geological Museum.

Keywords: Augmented Reality; Learning based on games; Museum learning

With the rapid development of new generation of information technologies such as big data, cloud computing and the Internet of Things, the traditional government governance model has been unable to effectively cope with the changing social environment and new challenges. The development of big data has made significant progress and breakthroughs in government’s modern governance ability, which has become a new path of government data governance. The construction of smart government and the realization of smart government governance model are based on the rule of law as the basic guarantee, big data and other science and technology as the basic conditions, and smart decision-making as the core to build a dynamic network collaborative governance mechanism among government, market and society, so as to realize the efficient governance mode of smart government and promote the modernization of government governance ability. Starting from the construction of smart government, this paper mainly analyzes the mode concept, challenges and countermeasures of smart government construction in the era of big data.

Keywords: Data Sharing; Smart Cities; Rule of Law Government

     Within a year, 4 papers were published on the Medicon platform, and the article numbers were respectively MCET02012, MCET02023, M CET03073 and MCET03074. Is this an easy thing to do, or is it a little difficult, a little weight, a little capital can be enough for friends what about a thing that friends show off? This is a question that is best answered now.

Overeducation is a frequently discussed term in the neoclassical conventional view of the labour market. According to this perspective, overeducation resulted from a temporary disequilibrium in labour markets. People are rational participants in the labour market; they opt to overeducate themselves in order to signal their ability, obtain experience and subsequently advance to better jobs. However, behavioural economics rose to prominence due to its distinctive contributions to the study of human behaviour and its challenges to the rationality assumption. In light of concepts such as fairness, loss aversion and hyperbolic discounting models, many long-held neoclassical assumptions are challenged or perhaps need to be reconsidered. This study intends to contribute to the overeducation literature by explaining the phenomena as a kind of labour market stratification that disadvantages overeducated employees relative to others with the same educational level engaged in a well-matched job.

India has one of the largest road networks in the world comprising about 5.5 million kilometers as of April 2018 (MoRTH, 2018). During the previous few years, there has been an enormous growth in the development of the road network due to which connectivity between cities, towns, and villages in the country has improved. Indian road infrastructure is undergoing phenomenal growth and will continue to grow at higher rates in coming years too. In most cases, flexible pavements are being constructed at a rapid pace due to the advantages they provide over rigid pavements. The flexible pavements can be strengthened with the increasing amount of traffic at a later stage and are less expensive in regards to initial cost and maintenance. With the increase in traffic volume and climatic variations, the damage is being caused to the roads. It has been observed that the roads start developing cracks after the initial few years which further progress into a pothole and later a distressed patch is formed. Another factor is the poor-quality control during construction which renders the road unserviceable before its design life. Therefore, we must come up with a different approach to the improvement of pavements.

After the COVID-19 shutdown, there emerged a “new normal” characterised by a combination of in-person and virtual contact. In a case-control study, a few researchers examined how the “new normal” affected people’s sleeping and eating habits compared to before the epidemic. In one research, secondary data may be the most crucial information in another. This occurs when data is utilised more than once, serving as primary data for the first study and secondary data for the second. One thing is constant in a world that changes rapidly: financial professionals must continually endeavour to enhance their abilities to maintain their jobs and advance their careers. When the country was placed under lockdown in March 2020 due to the coronavirus, credit growth halted in nearly every industry. The growth in stressed assets induced by the pandemic is projected to triple the cost of loans from the banking sector in FY21 compared to pre-COVID-19 levels. To address the high number of defaults, banks will need to repair or enhance their internal systems and modify their internal risk and early warning systems based on lessons acquired during the financial crisis. If banks want to ensure the success of their commercial and operational strategies in the future, they must act swiftly. A list of suggestions that might assist banks in preparing for the new normal.

Building-integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPV) currently represent a fundamental concept for the realization of sustainable buildings. However, these systems like any photovoltaic device are endowed with a limited efficiency due to the negative effect of the rise in the temperature of the cells. To limit this inconvenience, a cooling system must be applied. In this study, a suitable geometry was considered based on the temperature distribution in the base system. Indeed, a particular cooling system with a contact surface and a volume of water which increase as the temperature of the photovoltaic cells increases is considered. In addition, the external heat exchange surface of the proposed system is varied, linear and cylindrical based surfaces are studied.Numerical simulations were performed using the CFD package, Ansys. The main attention was focused on the overall system’s temperature and electrical efficiency improvement. Moreover, the gain generated in thermal energy is evaluated. The results revealed that the proposed system allows an important reduction of the PV cell temperature. While the non-cooled BIPV system temperature variation was in the range of 312.5 K - 348.5 K for a solar radiation ranging from 200 W/m² to 1000 W/m², this variation is reduced to small values for the water cooled system, respectively from 301 K to 310.5 K. This reduction in the temperature of the PV cells has directly resulted in an improvement in the photovoltaic efficiency of the system where a minimum average value of 15% has been noted, while the values noted for the uncooled system vary between 12.3% and 14.8% in depending on the incident radiation. Concerning the effect of the external heat exchange surface, the effect was not remarkable on the electrical performance of the system, however, the linear surface-based system proved to be more efficient in terms of thermal production than the cylindrical one. Finally, the effect of the flow rate is also discussed and the results show that for a relatively high value like 0.22 kg/s, a good reduction in the temperature of the PV cells can be achieved while ensuring a significant thermal production.

GaN HEMT is chosen for many high frequency applications such as Power Amplifiers because of its desirable properties. Most semiconductors fail at high frequency applications because of their thermal and bias limitations. It’s very difficult to operate theamplifier at high frequency and high power ratings. The HEMT transistors can operate at high electric fields and high frequencies. The heterojunction structure provides more no of free electrons without any doping which significantly improves the mobility and the current. The heterostructure also blocks the current flow in unwanted directions. This paper explains about GaN HEMT transistor and its practical application as a Power Amplifier. CREE CGH40010F GaN (10 W) device is chosen and developed at the schematic level. The schematic provides 15.5 dB gain and 66% efficiency.

The study is an extract from the researcher’s PHD thesis titled, “Pedagogical Integration of Technology as an enhancement to teaching and learning in Gauteng Public Schools”. The study aimed to explore the degree of the ICT integration within Gauteng Public Schools, the challenges impeding the optimum utilisation of ICT towards curriculum delivery and enabling conditions for ICT rollout in education transformation. Therefore, the study’s objectives were to determine the degree to which individual qualities impact the educator’s preparedness in using ICT for teaching, to ascertain the magnitude preceding ICT skills and computer training affects educators’ preparedness within their teaching environment.

The study was hinged upon a pragmatist paradigm, using mixed methods approach, whereby a case study was chosen as a strategy. The theoretical notation for the study was an inductive simultaneous approach whereby the qualitative dimension was core and quantitate dimension was supplemental. Purposive sampling technique was applied to sample twelve (12) Heads of Departments (HODs) and five (5) senior officials from the Gauteng Department of Education (GDE). Both educators and HODs were selected from public schools in three Gauteng regions: Johannesburg, Tshwane, and Ekurhuleni. Furthermore, a stratified random sampling method was used to obtain feedback from two hundred and ten (210) educators, who were selected from the identified population.

The study findings showed that male educators had a higher and positive attitude towards ICT integration and utilisation in the classroom than their female counterparts. In addition, the study findings revealed that most of the professional development support from the department provided to educators mainly empowers them on how to best utilise information communication technology available, not how to effectively integrate the technology into the curriculum.

The results of this study confirmed that even though resources and training were provided by the GDE, educators were not sufficiently equipped to develop their own approaches that could embrace ICT into the learning process. In most cases, educators were not using technological tools to develop their lesson plans and curriculum delivery. A clear understanding of how educators integrate ICT in teaching is significant to develop and deliver effective educational opportunities to properly prepare learners for higher learning, work, and life in the 21^st century.

Metaverse is a virtual apace where people can enter and interact with other users in a computer-generated surroundings. It is an integrated system of 3-dimensional virtual worlds. These are preferably accessed via a VR headset. Users’ eye movements, their voice commands and feedback controllers are mainly used to navigate around the metaverse. In this way they are able to fully immerse themselves in the virtual world and simulate their presence. With the advent of this new technology, challenges are bound to occur. Most importantly challenges related to security of users need to be dealt with. Every person entering and interacting in the metaverse must be a verified user so that identity frauds do not happen, hence keeping the users safe from malicious attacks. To deal with this issue, we have come up with two features, first, an avatar facial tracking based and second, a chat based. By using NLP and Deep Learning, we were able to 73.77% uniquely identity a person in a WhatsApp chat group with other people. For the facial recognition-based security feature, we have just laid out our theoretical approach. In future, we’re planning to make use of other features as well such as speech pattern recognition, body positioning retrieval, retinal movement tracking, etc. for allowing only authorized users to enter and interact in the metaverse.

About a quarter of a century ago, humanity crossed the millennium mark. Everyone was looking forward to drastic changes. And these changes did not take long; they are already walking across our planet. However, it turned out that it is not all that simple.
First, the changes are related to technology. The scientific discoveries of the previous century served as a theoretical basis for technological advances. A list of the most recent modern discoveries that provide a technological breakthrough for today: space exploration, the creation of computer machines, and the development of global networks. This is far from a complete list [1].