This paper presents the results of a k - ε turbulence model for a rectangular airfoil problem using standard Comsol Multiphysics solvers. Flow around a rectangular airfoil was studied at Reynolds numbers of 10 000 < Re < 2 000 000 and angle of attack α = 0°-20°. Results were obtained for speed, pressure and other parameters for different angle values. The implementation of the Comsol Multiphysics software package showed good convergence, stability and high accuracy of the model.

Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations; Comsol Multiphysics

Nowadays, several video movement classification methodologies are based on reading and processing each frame using image classification algorithms. However, it is rare to find approaches using angle distribution over time. This paper proposes video movement classification based on the exercise states calculated from each frame’s angles. Different video classification approaches and their respective variables and models were analyzed to achieve this, using unstructured data: images. Besides, structure data as angles from critical joints Armpits, legs, elbows, hips, and torso inclination were calculated directly from workout videos, allowing the implementation of classification models such as the KNN and Decision Trees. The result shows these techniques can achieve similar accuracy, close to 95%, concerning Neural Networks algorithms, the primary model used in the previously mentioned approaches. Finally, it was possible to conclude that using structured data for movement classification models allows for lower performance costs and computing resources than using unstructured data without compromising the quality of the model.

Keywords: Machine Learning; computer vision; KNN; mediapipe; supervised classification; video classification; deep learning; tensorflow; neural network; workout; fitness; exercise; signal

The powerful narrow beam of single wavelength light that laser produces was the first “solution looking for the problem in 1960”. Theodore Maiman created it 1960 by illuminating a high-power flash light on a ruby rod on a silver coated surface at California’s Hughes Research Laboratory. From the most cutting-edge quantum physics labs to hospital. Laser is now ubiquitous in modern science and technology. When a laser heats up its target, a phenomenon known as photothermal interaction occurs. Proteins are denaturized, mitochondrial membrane permeability is enhanced and the mitochondria eventually evaporate. In this paper Monte-Carlo simulation method is used for the Laser tissue interaction.

This study aims to understand the temperature distribution in a multi-layered skin model during laser-induced thermotherapy for cancer treatment. model includes the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat, muscle, blood, and an embedded tumour. The study systematically investigates the effects of various parameters such as wavelength, laser intensity, tumour absorption coefficient, and irradiation time. Proposed model can explore both the individual and combined effects of the parameters on the temperature distribution in the skin model by methodically varying the parameters. The findings may help to improve laser-induced thermotherapy, which may result in more precise and efficient skin treatment.

Keywords: Laser; Tissue; Monte-Carlo simulation

The Federal Reserve has raised interest rates four times in a row, twice by 75 basis points from June to July, totaling 150 basis points, since 2022 in an effort to reduce the rising inflation in the United States. This is the most important development since 1980. After the rate hike in July, the policy rates of the United States have reached a range from 2.25% to 2.50%, which is widely considered by dozens of people as a "neutral rate" level. Since the U.S. dollar is the dominant international currency and controls the world's financial, monetary, and trade settlement systems, the Fed's interest rate hike has an impact on the world financial market. Bitcoin has become a financial asset traded on a global scale and has gradually become popular in financial market transactions. With the Fed's rate hike, a considerable number of investors in the cryptocurrency market are very concerned about the impact of the Fed rate hike on Bitcoin, and then reassess the risks to ensure their own interests. This paper searches and obtains data on the Bitcoin price and USD/CNY exchange rate from June 1, 2021 to August 15 2022. This paper uses VAR and ARMA-GARCH models to study the impact of the USD-CNY exchange rate changes on the rate of return and volatility of Bitcoin.

Keywords: US; Federal Reserve Bank; rate hike; USD; CNY; ARMA-GARCH model

In a Real Time System, when a high priority task is scheduled, it preempts ongoing lower priority tasks and sometimes it preempts even the kernel too. In normal cases, the time needed for the preemption is too small and hence is not considered in task scheduling. But, in some mission critical hard real time systems, even a small fraction of a second should be taken into account as it could affect the deadline. This research work proposes two models - embedded model and software model, among which the latter has been used for the experiment that calculates the kernel preemption time. The hardware model consists of a triangular wave generator called TRIANG that takes timer values from real time tasks and sends outputs to a comparator module. Finally, the comparator compares the time differences, and hence, calculates the kernel preemption time. Whereas the software model uses the RT-Linux architecture in which device drivers are used instead of hardware components. A high precision timer clock is also used to measure the task release times.

The results from the experiments show that the release time jitter due to the kernel preemption is found to be fluctuating in the range of -94 and +93 microseconds in 3% of the cases. So, the kernel preemption time for the hard and mission critical real time systems is taken to be less than 99 microseconds. Whereas 85% of the cases have release time jitters of single digit only. So, the kernel preemption time in average case is considered to be less than 9 microseconds.

Keywords: Real Time System; Triangular Wave Generator; Task Scheduling; Kernel Preemption Time

     In the realm of cutting-edge technologies, quantum computing stands as one of the most revolutionary and promising fields. While classical computers have served us well for decades, they are reaching their limitations when faced with complex problems like optimization, cryptography, and simulating quantum systems. Quantum computing harnesses the principles of quantum mechanics to process information in ways that classical computers cannot, opening the door to new possibilities in various domains. Quantum computers can solve problems that are impossible or would take a traditional computer an impractical amount of time - a billion years to solve.

     Since the early 20th century, when the atom was first investigated, quantum physics has defied logic. It turns out that atoms do not apply the standard principles of physics. Quantum particles have the capacity to "teleport," move through time, and exist in two places at once. The goal of quantum computers is to exploit these unusual behaviors. At the heart of quantum computing lies the concept of qubits, which are the quantum counterpart of classical bits. While conventional bits can only represent a 0 or a 1, qubits can simultaneously exist in both states. This unique property allows quantum computers to perform multiple calculations at once, offering a potential for exponential speedup in specific tasks.

Sustainability plays a crucial role in engineering across various disciplines and industries. It involves designing and implementing solutions that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In the context of engineering, sustainability encompasses environmental, social, and economic considerations. Here's how sustainability influences engineering:

Environmental Impact Reduction: Engineers have a significant impact on the environment through the products and systems they design. Sustainability in engineering involves minimizing resource consumption, reducing pollution, and minimizing the release of harmful emissions and waste. This can be achieved through efficient design, materials selection, energy-efficient technologies, and waste reduction strategies.

The growth of the car industry is now closely linked to the rise of the number of car accidents. As a result, insurance companies must deal with several claims at the same time while also addressing claims leakage. To resolve these issues, we propose a car damage detection system based on Mask Scoring RCNN. The experiment first makes a dataset by collecting car damage pictures of different types and on different angels for pre-processing then use Mask scoring RCNN for training. It is envisaged that this method would assist insurance in correctly classifying the damage and reducing the time spent on damage detection. The test results demonstrate that the proposed system has better masking accuracy in the case of complex images, allowing the car damage detection duty to be completed swiftly and easily.

Keywords: Computer vision; Mask Scoring RCNN; Car-damage detection; Mask detection accuracy

The process of sorting onions systematically is called onion sorting. Manual onion sorting is preferred at the wholesale market and in the farming, sector based on different parameters such as size, shape, quality, etc. It is not however a more efficient, consistent, and time-consuming method. In the market, there are systems that can sort single onions based on a single set of parameters. To replace this traditional way of sorting onions, In this paper we are introducing “Automatic Quality Based Onion Sorting Mechanism Using Raspberry pi”. The proposed system combines an automatic onion sorting mechanism with an image processing technique and classification algorithm. E.g., quality-based analysis. This machine can be used for agricultural purposes, and it can also be employed in the food industry.

Keywords: Automatic; Quality; algorithm; image processing; sorting

This research paper thoroughly investigates the complex interconnection between intellectual property laws and economic progress, providing a detailed analysis of their influence on fostering innovation. Through a methodical exploration, this study traces the historical evolution of intellectual property laws, scrutinizing patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. The paper delves into how intellectual property laws play a crucial role in encouraging innovation across diverse sectors, underscoring their importance in attracting investments, promoting entrepreneurial endeavours, and driving technological progress. Utilizing an extensive literature review and case studies, the research sheds light on the challenges encountered in the implementation of these laws, including concerns about accessibility, patent trolling, and ethical quandaries.

Moreover, the study puts forth policy recommendations for policymakers, advocating for balanced intellectual property laws that safeguard the rights of innovators while ensuring fair access to knowledge. The paper also underscores the significance of global collaboration and the standardization of intellectual property norms to establish a supportive atmosphere for innovation and economic advancement worldwide. By offering valuable insights and actionable suggestions, this research paper significantly enhances our comprehension of the pivotal role played by intellectual property in shaping a dynamic, inventive, and just society.

eSIM will be used widely as it is easy to control, can be filled in for different IMSI requirements, is stable for moving. It can be equipped for vehicles T-Box, post terminal of banks, CPE, and other modules moving. As the secret key is installed in the eSIM, does not open to other people except for operators, the boxes using eSIM are difficult to be checked if they work fine. This problem is from billions of boxes. They will benefit from our solution. The factory default setting of eSIM will save plenty of time and a lot of human resource for testing, at the same time, eSIM can be promoted.

Keywords: eSIM; secret; vehicle; card

In the 21st century, one technological marvel stands out among the rest, promising to revolutionize industries, reshape economies, and redefine the very nature of human interaction with machines. Artificial Intelligence (AI), once confined to the realm of science fiction, has firmly established itself as a driving force in today's world. The transformative potential of AI is undeniable, but with great power comes great responsibility.

     Hydrogen production around the world continues to grow rapidly.

     Analyzing some hundred projects already active or under construction across the planet, in the United States, Europe and China, even though in very distinct ways and with different targets, we are searching all the reasons, numbers and goals in details, to understand how our world could benefit from it, in the field of e-mobility, but also of heating and industrial applications.

     To fully understand where the energy sector is heading with this new “water-based fuel”, or even “valuable alternative to natural gas”, it is important to place it briefly within the world economy.

     Imagine a substance largely present in the universe, with good energy efficiency which, if produced correctly, can be 100% sustainable and useful for powering all those machineries and systems that cannot be equipped with a battery pack or with a traditional engine, and therefore do not depend exclusively on electricity from the public grid or renewable, or even from fossile.

Construction in Cape Coast Metropolis has been impacted by the cost increase of public building construction projects in Ghana. The goal of this study was to evaluate how well Cape Coast Metropolitan Assembly (C.C.M.A.) construction projects performed in terms of cost. The study used a qualitative approach to gather its data. During the fieldwork period, forty (40) structured questionnaires were given to contractors working on C.C.M.A. projects. The data analysis was done using the Statistics Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and the results were displayed using relative index ranking and descriptive statistics. The survey results show that the main causes of cost overruns in projects within the C.C.M.A. were variations in material prices, differences in currency exchange rates, high machinery costs, inaccurate or inadequate estimates of the original cost, and frequent variations or change orders. The study makes the following recommendations: projects should have an adequate scope, effective project costing and finance, and qualified staff should be used in the administration of the projects.

Keyword: Cost of material; budget escalation; high cost of material; labour shortage; material shortage

This paper focuses on implementational security measures to protect the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) ecosystem from malicious adversaries reducing the surface of vulnerability against the malicious intent of these threat actors. To accomplish this goal, we have discussed five basic security measures. These measures include lightweight cryptographic function to encrypt firmware and other PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) buses, disabling non-utilized ports on the ground station, blocking inorganic traffic with an intrusion detection and prevention system, obscuring the Service Set Identifier (SSID) from broadcast scans, and implementing filter scrubs and dynamic whitelisting. These measures will be discussed in detail in this paper in parallel to the configurational implementation. The results of this paper were both challenging and rewarding. The proposed measures are helpful in improving the security of the UAV ecosystem and protecting it from different attacks, however, it still remains vulnerable to malicious actors. By preventing malicious requests generated by attackers, the lifespan and security of UAVs can be prolonged.

Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; Internet of Drones; Security Measures; Intrusion Detection

India, a diverse nation, stands to be a unique democracy today because of the forces that shaped its policies and structure. The oppression of the colonial rule inspired independence, sovereignty, and other core values of the current government. A diverse and pluralistic society was accommodated through a representative government that committed itself to democracy. Its legacy as a colonized state made the agenda clear: to avoid a concentration of power and to give the people a voice. This was exercised through political processes like elections. Eventually, the structure and the very functioning of the state were formed through the influence of these factors. This paper will elaborate on the current political structures in India and the role of the agents.

Keywords: India; President; Parliament; Minister

According to increasingly environment problem, the concept of green development is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people gradually, and the development direction and navigation mark of the global society and economy has been turning to be green, healthy and sustainable. And there is a huge gap in the green development in the realistic foundation between the developed countries and China. We, therefore, can not copy foreign experience, and must conduct in-depth study of the green finance and the impact on the sustainable development. Otherwise, we need create a more effective evaluation system with innovation and development. The research on the evaluation of green finance serving green development has significant theoretical and practical value. The article by analyzing experience in severing from green finance for green development in the domestic and overseas, such performances in severing from green finance for green development were put forward.

Keywords: Green Finance; Green Development; Achievements and shortcoming; Social economy

     Automation is neither a purely positive force nor an entirely negative one. It's more like a process, and its impact depends on your perspective. In simple terms, automation involves using technology to handle tasks or create products. Keep in mind that humans create technology; technology doesn't create humans. Let's break this down further.

      For some people, like those with disabilities, automation is a boon. It allows them to lead happier lives by using technology. In today's society, where differently-abled individuals might face challenges and lack motivation due to societal attitudes, automation becomes a crucial tool. It enables them to experience the world on their terms. Even if they have physical limitations, they can still excel and make a positive impact thanks to automation.

This investigation aims to analyze models and methods for evaluating e-learning format training and education. It addresses evaluation approaches, the impact of authors in related research, and aspects to consider in future studies to enhance the efficacy of e-learning programs.
The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. A comprehensive review is conducted to identify models and evaluation methods used in e-learning training. Data from empirical and theoretical studies, as well as author contributions, are analyzed to identify patterns and gaps.
Interviews with e-learning experts will provide qualitative insights into potential improvements for future research. Initial explorations were undertaken to identify search tactics, keywords, and data sources, spanning 2012-2021 in WOS, and focusing on 2012, 2017, and 2021 in Scopus. Document selection for review and analysis is based on inclusion and quality criteria.
Results highlight the use of multidimensional models, including pre and post-tests, cross-sectional evaluation at various points, diverse instruments (Likert Scale, Focus Groups, Interviews), and self-efficacy.
The primary limitations concern the lack of long-term follow-up, raising questions about result stability. A longitudinal study is suggested. The research aims to provide insights into e-learning training evaluation and guide future investigations in this domain.
Keywords: Online Training; Educational Evaluation; Training Methodology; E-Learning; Training Effectiveness

The Industry4WRD readiness assessment (RA) model is a valuable tool for manufacturing companies to identify gaps and develop improvement plans for implementing Industry 4.0 concepts. It aligns with global implementation initiatives and has the potential to become a practical guideline and standard for Industry 4.0 implementation worldwide. With the competitiveness of manufacturing SMEs playing a crucial role in Malaysia's economy, it is imperative for these SMEs to embrace Industry 4.0 and enhance their global competitiveness. The Industry4WRD RA program, organized by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), offers SMEs the opportunity to participate and align with Industry 4.0 through a structured assessment process. This paper presents the methodology and processes of applying the Industry4WRD RA model, including the results from a case study conducted on two manufacturing SMEs. The quantitative and qualitative findings explore the relationship between various shift factors, thrusts, and dimensions, defining the SMEs' Industry 4.0 readiness profiles. These results help SMEs identify their current baseline, pinpoint gaps, and develop improvement plans for full-scale implementation of Industry 4.0. The research serves as a reference for future work and enhancements in this field.

Keywords: Industry 4.0; Industry4WRD; SMEs; SIRI; Readiness Assessment

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the manufacturing sector including Malaysia, causing supply chain disruptions, decreased demand, and production shutdowns. This has resulted in a decrease in output and disruptions to global trade, with some sectors rebounding while others continue to struggle. Industry 4.0 technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, cloud computing, and real-time data visualization dashboard can assist manufacturers in overcoming these challenges by increasing flexibility, efficiency, and resilience in their operations. Real-time data visualization dashboard tools, a technology from Industry 4.0, can provide operational insights into manufacturing processes, and help identify areas for improvement. These platform can also assist in remote monitoring, management, and predictive analysis, which can help manufacturers mitigate the effects of the pandemic and become more resilient in the face of future disruptions. This research studies among Malaysia's manufacturers have found that the majority agree that Industry 4.0 is more valuable during and at post-pandemic, with real-time data visualization tools being the most important elements for tackling the top issues such as inventory management and process yield improvement. However, many manufacturers are still in the pilot run, and there are challenges to be faced in the post-COVID-19 recovery phase, including managing organizational mindset, culture, and customer needs.

Keywords: COVID-19; Industry 4.0; Industry4WRD; Manufacturing; Data Visualization; Dashboard

Intrusion Detection System is software or hardware that checks a network for malicious activities. Each illegal activity is often recorded either centrally using a Security information and event management (SIEM) system or notified to an administration. This paper proposes an intrusion detection system using machine learning algorithms such as decision trees, random forests and explainable AI (XAI) using a real-world Software-Defined Networking (SDN) dataset. The evaluation includes various intrusion scenarios like network scanning, denial of service (DoS) attacks, and unauthorized access attempts. Random Forest exhibits the best performance, achieving an average training accuracy of 99.23%, while the decision tree achieves 98.78% accuracy. The result of this study contributes to the advancement of intrusion detection systems and fosters the development of resilient security solutions in the realm of SDN. The research highlights the importance of leveraging ML algorithms in effectively identifying and mitigating network intrusions, ultimately enhancing the security of SDN environments.

Keywords: Decision Tree; Intrusion Detection; Random Forest; XAI; LIME

Electroencephalography, a technique for observing the electrical activity of the brain, is the approach that holds the most promise for achieving practical BCI applications. Before becoming widely used, EEG-based BCIs will need to make a lot of scientific advancements, but more crucially, they will cause a number of social, ethical, and legal issues. Researchers reviewed current commercial brain-computer interface devices and talked about the main technological constraints and ethical issues with them.

Keywords: augment; brain computer interfaces; ethics

Neural network models have been exploited since the late ‘80s and ‘90s to solve real-world problems, based on the then contemporary developments such as the back propagation learning algorithm. Over the last decade, the availability of massive data sets, enhanced computational resources, and further developments in algorithms have led to an explosive growth in the use of neural networks in machine learning and artificial intelligence. They showcase the state-of-the-art performance in artificial intelligence applications, all the way from speech comprehension and image recognition to cross-modality translation. In parallel, however, an analogously related perspective, elegantly relating the spheres of cognitive neurobiology and machine learning, has spurred interest. All the more, both sides of this stance seem to entail far-reaching implications.

This research focuses on the industrial development of Istanbul and the planning of housing and industrial areas. It examines the city's urban agenda, which is dominated by internal and transnational migrations, population growth, housing problems, and the process of opening new housing areas over many years. Another significant issue is the planning of industrial areas and their impact on the city. Climate-related issues and agreements like the Paris Agreement in 2015 emphasized the detrimental effects of industrialization, uncontrolled urban sprawl, decreasing green areas, industrial pollution, and high carbon emissions in cities, making them more problematic. The problem of uncontrolled development of residential and industrial areas has persisted for many years. The idea of permanently moving industrial areas outside the city, to nearby towns, has been long known idea proposed at the beginning of the 20th century. However, various political challenges and other factors have hindered the effective implementation of this approach. The main concern is that this problem poses a potential threat to the future sustainability of the city. The research examines the reflection of industrialization and urban planning over nearly a century, up to the present day, by analyzing the planning reports of the Istanbul municipality and government policies on the subject. The findings indicate the importance of zoning applications in the planning of industrial and residential areas, as applied in world cities like London and Paris. However, the idea of decentralizing industrial areas in the city, though theoretically supported in development plans and reports, faces challenges in practice, affecting the city's future sustainability. The research highlights the complexities involved in addressing industrialization and planning issues in Istanbul, emphasizing the need for effective policies and strategies aligned with sustainability principles and long-term urban development.

Keywords: City Planning; Climate Change Industrial Areas; Istanbul; Residential Areas

Indicators of the quality of functioning of the rail crew with given mass and, as m_i well as geometric characteristics, are completely determined by the parameters of its spring suspension − spring stiffness J_i and attenuation coefficients ofvibration dampers. When choosing these parameters, it should be borne in mind that they have an ambiguous effect on the dynamic properties of the crews and, consequently, on their quality indicators. On the one hand, an increase in the coefficient attenuation reduces the amplitudes of the coordinate and improves the safety factor of the structural deflection of the springs. On the other hand, such a decrease leads to an increase in active forces in spring suspension and, especially, accelerations in the resonant region, which worsens such quality indicators u_i (where i = 1, 2, …, n) as maximum body accelerations and dynamic overload coefficients.

Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) are the technologies that transforms commands for operating devices from electrical activity in the brain. Most BCI systems consist mostly of hardware and software. Hardware is gathering the data while software interprets the brain's input and feeds it back to the hardware. In this article, we give a summary of the publicly accessible software platforms for brain-computer interfaces. Five significant BCI platforms have been determined by us. We outline the intended target user group (which consists of academics, programmers, and end users), as well as the key characteristics of each platform, including their compatibility with various operating systems, licensing, supported devices, and programming languages. BCI2000, OpenViBE, TOBI Common Implementation Platform (CIP), BCILAB, and BCI++ are the five platforms under question. In our conclusion, we address potential synergies and potential future advances, such as merging diverse platform components. With this analysis, we intend to highlight the benefits and drawbacks of each platform that is currently accessible, which should aid anyone working in the field of BCI research in choosing the best platform for their individual needs.

Keywords: bci; bci2000; bcilab; tobi; eeg

We have experienced reduced radioactivity in contaminated soils in Fukushima since 2011 using specially processed water. The results indicated a drastic decrease in radioactivity by changing the radioactive cesium to stable barium without applying substantial energy. We repeated our experiments using water decontamination on Fukushima farms. On the base decontamination evidences, our research presents new insights into applying high pressure (> 100 MPa) to seawater at various locations in the Pacific Ocean. We found element changes by chemical analyses of elements in the seawater to compare them before and after the high-pressure process. Water may form a presumed particle after the dissociation of hydrogen bonds by 147 MPa. Then, we discuss the theoretical viewpoints that element changes occur with the weak energy due to pair of electron and proton in hydrogen atom of water. This work involves the behavior of a proton and an electron pair, and we focus on their nuclear spins. We develop the conversion of sodium to magnesium, cesium, and barium with the presumed particles.

Keywords: nuclear spin; proton and electron; element change; water hydrogen bonds; weak energy of water

There is an urgent need to advance theoretical research and broaden the academic conversation in relevant domains in order to undertake strategic initiatives for the digitalization of education. The topics of the metaverse and educational ecological reconstruction, artificial intelligence (AI) and future educational development, big data and educational governance, and future educational research paradigm change are thoroughly discussed through interviews with 16 experts in the field of educational information technology. The study found that: (1) The metaverse represents one potential avenue for modern educational evolution; (2) Artificial intelligence is an all-round challenge to education, which has a significant impact on talent training, both in teaching and learning, as well as the restructuring of the entire education system; (3) Under the background of artificial intelligence, the future education will mainly lead to changes in educational values and objectives, and changes in the means of educational scenarios will also lead to changes in traditional educational forms;(4) The duplexing empowerment between education research and new technology: the rapid development of data science and AI technology have become the main object of educational research and utilization.In turn, education feed into AI technology and drive the development of the technology;(5)In the future, education will be gradually moving from an industrialized education system to an intelligent education system, AI technology will enable the future of education to become more personal, diversify and human-computer cooperation; (6) In the context of new technologies, such as AI and the Metaverse, science fiction could be used as a new method for educational research.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Virtual Reality; Digital Transformation; Big Data; Educational Restructuring

This paper seeks to do a brief literature review about what is most recent in the topics of intellectual capital and accountancy, their relationships and their usefulness for scientific knowledge. Research question: what do the papers that consider, alone or together with others, these 2 topics reveal? Do they present something new, not expected at first? Are they useful for scientific knowledge? It was found that the research confined to these 2 is very meager, falling short of what would be expected in terms of usefulness for scientific knowledge, and could be broader if it included other topics (technology, performance, environmental management, …). The methods used were questionnaires, Likert scale, econometrics and financial statements of firms. As main results and conclusions, we can mention that the dimension of intellectual capital has positive effects on firms´ performance, and variables able of improving it were identified. Environmental management accounting has a positive effect on business decisions and information systems accounting also has positive effects on the efficiency of workers. The geographic areas that served as context were Italy, Indonesia and Jordan. The temporal context in which the research was carried out in 3 papers was omitted, deliberately or not, which reveals a lack of detail.

Keywords: Intellectual Capital; Accountancy; Performance; Information Systems; Technology

     Physics is a basic science for biology, chemistry, agriculture and medical as well as engineering. And the engineering is a comprehensive to cover our daily life. Here is good evidence. It is essential to involve physics.

     I regard a cooking in our everyday constituents engineering when we look at our work in cooking room; See if the meat is cooking at the right heat. Heat relates really physics. Calorific value of “right heat” is thermodynamics, and taste control is supposed to be a chemistry besides human tasting which is difficult to define. Seasoning is to form a compound with the materials by reaction with it.

Though Storage-as-a-Service, provided by cloud service providers (CSPs), is a paid program that allows enterprises to subcontract important documents to be kept on faraway systems, information security is one of the most significant issues when embracing Cloud services. Users may save their devices electronically and avoid the hassles of storage device and upkeep in a Virtual environment. They do, however, lose ownership of their knowledge throughout this procedure. Current solutions do not address all aspects, such as the cloud's complex nature, compute and network latency, and so on. A Data Storage Security Mechanism is proposed for achieving storage consistency while preserving minimal compute and analysis based in the Internet. Furthermore, using buzhash, a B-tree is generated for saving the hash value of the information in its branches as well as file systems. As a result, the space overhead of secure file computing and storage is reduced. Then there's Promotes Self Cybersecurity, which is aimed to increase interaction data in cloud mobile internet providing in a short amount of time. For each session, it generates self-updating randomized key pairs. The experiments show improvement in terms of improving cloud security and privacy while lowering network latency.

Keywords: Buzhash; Elgamal; communication overhead; correctness; privacy and secure_sense

In this paper we are trying to proposed a model of smart-parking for smart-city. Parking in a city is one of the biggest problems. Many times, it was observed that Instead of finding a parking zone or parking space nearby people park their vehicles on road which in traffic and because of this ambulance stuck in traffic jam which results in death of many patients because they are unable to get medical facilities on time. The objective of this paper is to propose a relevant system that will provide a more accurate location system thus helping in deciding the positioning of the parking system by detecting the free spaces in a parking lot and letting the driver know about the location that can be allocated to him. The system also deals with proving the accuracy that cannot be achieved by global positioning system as this system works on the neural network algorithms that break the information down to a matrix and analyze the data to deduce conclusions that would help find an appropriate parking space for the person on the real time basis. The objective of this paper is to reverse the adverse effect of the wrongly parked vehicles.

Keywords: Smart-City, IoT Model, Convolution Neural Network, Intelligent Parking Management

In this paper, we delve into the realm of cloud computing, which has experienced exponential growth due to its ability to rapidly deliver IT services at a minimal cost. Virtualization has played a crucial role in enabling the cloud model, but it is worth noting that virtual machines tend to be slightly heavier compared to containers. This is primarily due to the use of a hypervisor on the underlying operating system, while containers utilize a lightweight container manager. With the abundance of alternatives available for Docker containers today, our objective is to elucidate the concept of Docker containers and conduct a comprehensive performance comparison with its alternatives. Our aim is to provide individuals and organizations with valuable insights, enabling them to select the optimal virtualization platform that aligns with their specific requirements.

Keywords: Docker; Docker Container; Virtualization; Virtual Machine; Cloud Computing

We focus on essential part of water, which is the basic substance on the earth. Nobody looks at a single water molecule; and an established theory has not been how many molecules of H₂O combine to form a cluster. Most research on water starts from H₂O unexpectedly. Our essential research of water is the dissociated water of the hydrogen bonds although the hydrogen bond itself seems to be established in water. But our researh is about the presumed particle of H⁺ and e^- in a hydrogen atom. It is not the atom, neither the H₂ molecule or the OH ion. The present study’s central theme is to clarify the collaborating function of spin and charge, We propose the particle equation instead of wave function. Furthermore, we approach information-transfer by way of collaboration of proton and electron in the atom to form a field in any substance, even in space. In the future we will make clear the potential of the infoton which is difficult to define because it is a space function, and spins, charges, and momentum may entangle associating with information-transfer as well.

Scientific evaluation of driving behavior can provide feasible suggestions for improving driver operating habits, improving driving safety, and reducing energy consumption. It is also of great significance for the development of autonomous driving functions. The existing evaluation methods for driving behavior have shortcomings such as subjectivity and randomness, and neglect the ambiguity of human judgment. This article proposes an overall evaluation system based on the extension analytic hierarchy process based on real driving data collected from real vehicles. Grey clustering and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are introduced to evaluate the driving behavior of drivers from four key indicator dimensions, effectively improving the accuracy and scientificity of driving behavior evaluation.

Keywords: Driving behavior evaluation; Natural driving data; Fuzzy evaluation

     The problem of determining the source has been analyzed during the last years in different areas of ap- plied mathematics and has received considerable attention in many current research, as it has applications in fields such as driving of heat, crack identification, electromagnetic theory, geophysical prospecting, the detection of contaminants and detection of tumor cells, among others.

     Source identification from noisy measurements is often a problem ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard since the solution does not depend continuously of the data. Among the most important tools used in the literature to determine a source can be found: the potential logarithmic method [11], the projective method [10], Green’s functions [2], dual reciprocity boundary element methods [1], the dual reciprocity method [14], the fundamental solution method [3].

The globalization of the economy, the major disruptions due to the COVID-19 crisis, customer requirements as well as the current context of war, are straining global supply chains, which must demonstrate resilience and constantly seek to improve their performance. performance. Among the essential approaches to achieve these objectives, collaboration between logistics partners through methods and tools that have proven themselves but also have shown limits, particularly in terms of trust. Blockchain technology, which appeared in 2008, now offers an opportunity to improve collaboration by providing answers to concerns about trust. However, its application is not generalized, indeed a large part of the companies do not apply the technology because of its shared database character because the companies have sensitive and confidential data. After an analysis of the literature to highlight the obstacles to the generalization of the use of the blockchain in the supply chain, a methodology of adoption and application of the Blockchain following eight steps is proposed with an emphasis on the smart contract.

Keywords: Collaboration; Supply chain; Blockchain; Smart contract; Trust

The following research paper deals with the technology in mobile phones to identify school bullying in students who are constantly raped, which can be reflected verbally, psychologically, physically and virtually through social networks. The study focuses on verifying the use of technology in health and harassment in schools by identifying conflicts between teachers and students and between students, in order to create an application to generate empathy in the classroom. The type of methodology is experimental - exploratory analyzing causes and effects, while the quantitative approach that attempts to arrive at a deductive process predominates. With regard to the collection of information, the questionnaire is used as a tool and the survey as a technique for students in the ninth grade of basic general education, as is the T.A.M. method. (Technology acceptance model). Therefore, the "AfriEndly" application proved satisfactory with-in the research according to the T.A.M. method, which revealed that the technology is accepted within the study population.

Keywords: Application; Mobile health; Mental health; Bullying; Educational harassment; mobile applications; mobile health; self-esteem

Kidney disease is a significant health concern that is currently affecting individuals of all age groups. To predict the occurrence of chronic renal disease, a large number of scholars have employed machine learning and deep learning techniques. However, the efficacy of these methods is often hampered by a lack of transparency, which is a major issue in the application of artificial intelligence in healthcare and medical analysis. As such, the lack of clarity has prompted concern. To interpret the results of predictive models, the present study proposes the deployment of four machine learning algorithms, including Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Multi-layer Perceptron Classifier, and Support Vector Machine, in combination with explainable AI (XAI) interface, leveraging the local interpretable model-agnostic explanation (LIME) and shapely additive explanation shapely additive values (SHAP). The proposed models are intended to facilitate effective decision-making in clinical research and therapeutic practices.

Keywords: Machine Learning; Decision Tree Classifier; Logistic Regression; Support Vector Machine; Explainable AI; SHAP; LIME; Chronic Kidney Disease

The transition to a sustainable and low-carbon energy system has become a global imperative, driven by the need to mitigate climate change and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Green hydrogen, produced through the electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources, has emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges. This critical review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the next generation energy green hydrogen, focusing on its production, storage, transportation, and applications. The paper begins by discussing the various methods of green hydrogen production, including alkaline electrolysis, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis, and solid oxide electrolysis. It examines the advancements in electrolyzer technology, catalysts, and materials, as well as the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. The review also explores the scalability and cost-effectiveness of green hydrogen production, highlighting the need for continued research and innovation to drive down costs and increase efficiency. In addition to production, the paper evaluates different storage technologies for green hydrogen, including compressed gas, liquefaction, and chemical storage. It analyzes the advantages, limitations, and safety considerations of each method, emphasizing the importance of reliable and efficient storage systems to enable the integration of green hydrogen into existing energy infrastructure. The review explores the transportation options for green hydrogen, including pipelines, trucks, ships, and blending with existing natural gas networks. It discusses the infrastructure requirements, safety regulations, and energy losses associated with each mode of transport, underscoring the need for a robust and interconnected hydrogen distribution network. The paper also examines the diverse applications of green hydrogen across various sectors, such as transportation, industry, and power generation. It discusses the potential for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the decarbonization of heavy industries like steel and chemicals, and the role of green hydrogen in grid balancing and energy storage. The review emphasizes the need for policy support, market incentives, and public-private collaborations to accelerate the adoption of green hydrogen technologies. Paper discusses the current policy landscape and regulatory frameworks for green hydrogen at the national and international levels. It analyzes government initiatives, financial incentives, and research and development programs aimed at promoting green hydrogen as a key pillar of the future energy system. Hydrogen is a useful energy carrier for remote or high-energy density applications. It can also be used as a feedstock for chemical reactions to create a variety of synthetic fuels and feed stocks. This paper is based on a survey and analysis of the development, production, and use of hydrogen energy. It has been suggested that hydrogen will be the future generation of energy for everyone based on the critical review.

Keywords: Energy; Hydrogen; development; renewable source

Users are given the ability to automate the process of constructing and deploying machine learning models through the use of a tool called AutoAI. It automates the most time-consuming portions of the data science process, such as feature engineering, model selection, and hyperparameter tuning, by making use of a combination of artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches [4]. AutoAI is also capable of providing explanations for its suggestions and forecasts, which makes it much simpler for users to comprehend the thought process that underlies the model's outputs. This tool has the potential to drastically reduce the amount of time and resources required to develop efficient machine learning models, which makes it a useful asset for businesses as well as researchers who are trying to leverage the power of AI in their work.

Keywords: machine learning; IBM Watson; loan risk prediction

Nowadays scientists pay special attention to the fact that all engineering tasks should be set and solved from the standpoint of combating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The proposed and used materials and technologies should have a low carbon footprint and comply with the principles of developing a green economy.

     All buildings, in all climatic regions, emit CO₂. This is because buildings use energy for lighting, water supply, heating, cooling, ventilation, appliances, and technological processes. For these purposes, it is advantageous to use clean renewable energy. The building is always in interaction with renewable energy, including incoming solar radiation and the environment surrounding the building [1]. Thus, the environment has the thermal potential of the outdoor air, soil, wind, sky, and surfaces facing the building [1, 2]. By ensuring the expedient daily and seasonal interaction of these energies with the building, it is possible to create a comfortable, stable, and economical internal microclimate. For example, energy consumption for heating, cooling, and ventilation can be reduced.

     Structural sandwich panels with core of Advanced Composites Laminates Honeycombs/PU-foams are extensively used in aero- space applications and these are also fabricated for use now in some civil engineering applications. An all Advanced Composites Foot Over Bridge (FOB) system, designed and developed earlier for pedestrian traffic is one such application [1] that may be cited here as an example. During development stage of this FoB, the profile of its decks then spurred out was a single corrugate sheet core sandwiched between two Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) flat laminates. Once fabricated and successfully used, these decks did prove suitable on their assembly, to form other structues such as erecting temporary shelters. Corrugate sheet core profile sandwiched panels have also been tried using the construction materials but in any conventional method of construction as existed, posed certain difficulties in achieving the required core profile without any bonding within the sandwiched slabs and hence its use remained only abandoned. The required monolithic construction becomes now as eased out with demonstration on dispensing of suitable materials through 3D Printers. An study was conducted which included first, the fabrication of a 3D printer in-house (already patented [2]) and then make use of them as well. On functional operation, more complex sandwich core profiles have then been 3D-printed out and thus produced the number of panels hard-ware. Initially, number of these sandwich panels in single corrugated sheet core monolithically were printed out, which were subjected to load test in an experimental set up [3] and their structural behavior studied analytically, correlated and were also reported earlier by the Author as in the literature [4]. It was observed from the 3D printed hardware that the presence of any corrugate core in any sandwich core profile although provides continuous support to the loaded face sheets of the sandwich panels in their longitudinal direction, in their transversal direction however, this corrugate core still remains supporting the face sheets at periodic intervals only. Therefore it is felt that adoption of such core profile creates a vast difference in the available shear resistance between the longitudinal and transverse directions on flexural bending of any of such sandwich panel under application of, for example, uniformly distributed load. To over come this and also attempting to achive the required more depths further so as to exhibit the stronger sandwiched decks with better structural and mechanical behavior, more complex core configuration such as that of dual corrugate sheets core with a flat mid plane was felt to be a better sandwich core profile and therefore panels of different geometries were created in a good numbers, as shown in figures 1, a few of those circular and figure 2(a&b) shows a few of rectangular/square panels. Such an exclusive profile has been an outcome that turned out merely on stacking of two separately 3D printed units of single monolithic corrugated sheet core so developed earlier as briefed above and on initially bonded them together but maintaining here, a certain different orientation in the two corrugate layers. For any required sequential understanding of the structural behavior of any such complex core profile sandwich decks with special emphasis to study analytically, the effect in variation of such corrugation orientations in each distinct tire of the core, some fruitful findings obtained and those were reported elsewhere. It has been observed here that a flat layer which eventually get created monolithically in the middle, in addition to eliminating any bonding process in these sandwich panels development, it has been found also to offer, much more effective bending resistance by these sandwich panels when subjected to any loads over them.

     Home health care management is a viable aid to public health care for the Caribbean especially in the midst of high health cost and dwindling resources in these economies. Managing personal health vitals data from the comfort of the home using technology is a growing approach worldwide and suitable for those who are convalescing, recovering from stroke, surgery, general ailments and for persons just wishing to monitor their health vitals. Sensitization of the public to the advantages of a Telehealth Home Health Care System in realizing hospital avoidance for some illnesses may promote the desire for it. (Ledwin KM, Lorenz R, 2021). This in no way however removes the need for input from the nurse or clinician delivery since the lack of this may increase patient anxiety and satisfaction with the system. (Jolly K, 2018).

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things in human life, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Internet of Vehicle (IoV) transmission, a technology is used to make a vehicle can detect the position and movement of other vehicles up to a specified range, which plays a significant role in upcoming cellular networks is expected to reduce the traffic jam and accidents in social life. Based on the idea of Greedy algorithm, a method to find the partial optimal solution to get the global solution, the purpose of improving the system effect can be achieved by using this algorithm into IoV transmission. In this paper, firstly, the development and technical essentials of IoV transmission system as well as the realization principle of greedy algorithm are briefly introduced. Then the rest of paper mainly discusses the performance of four models implementing greedy algorithm in IoV fields based on MATLAB by pairwise comparison of experimental results and analysis.

Keywords: V2V; IoV transmission; Greedy algorithm; Transmission route; MATLAB

Environmental pollution is one of the most economically and socially significant topics. In addition to reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and changing our plastic consumption habits, there are many other actions we can take to combat environmental pollution. These include promoting sustainable agriculture, protecting our forests and wildlife habitats, and investing in public transportation and bike infrastructure to reduce car emissions.

We can also advocate for policy changes at the government level, such as implementing carbon taxes and regulating industrial and agricultural emissions. Corporations must also take responsibility for their environmental impact and commit to sustainability initiatives.

Individual actions such as supporting clean energy investment, and participating in recycling programs also have a significant impact. Ultimately, the fight against environmental pollution requires a collective effort from all of us. It is time to put the health of our planet and the well-being of future generations ahead of short-term economic gains. Overall, it is everyone's responsibility to take care of the environment, and through collective efforts, we can work towards a cleaner and healthier planet. Together, we can make a difference and create a sustainable future for all.

Keywords: Environmental pollution; waste management; remedition; sustainability; green technologies; environmental awareness; pollution free society; environmental management system; international cooperation

The prediction of English major training model in Higher Vocational Education Based on fuzzy neural network algorithm is the process of using a neural network to predict the future. The main function of this method is to analyze and understand the human brain and its characteristics. This method can be used as an effective tool for predicting or analyzing any kind of data, such as finance, economics, psychology, medicine etc. In addition, it can also be used for understanding people’s behavior and their reactions towards various situations. Higher Vocational and technical education, the importance of talent planning in Higher Vocational and technical education has become increasingly prominent, The premise of each higher vocational and technical talent planning is to make a reasonable prediction of each higher vocational and technical talent and professional training. Fuzzy neural network can effectively deal with nonlinear and fuzzy problems, and plays a great role in intelligent information processing. Therefore, this paper studies the prediction of English professional training model in Higher Vocational Education in fuzzy neural network algorithm.

Keywords: Talent training forecast Higher vocational and technical Fuzzy neural prediction

We report the hydrogen-based nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR), super quantum interference device (SUQUID) and electromagnetic field associating with spin which is a tiny device. Although spin has described in an angular momentum in quantum physics, the methods have not been established to detect a spin directly. So, we employ the HNMR and SUQUID in order to identify magnetization of the material. As one of examples of water, we introduce the difference of water every location. Furthermore, we explain nuclear transformation of radioactive cesium with spin. On the other hand, we discuss the interesting device of an electromagnetic field to engage placer gold and paramagnetic aluminum (insulator) in the resin as one of the medical treatments in the future. We estimate the system to discuss with spin.

    Got a reliable car? With a 252 hp @ 5000 rpm turbo?

     Great! All you need is a super skilled driver, with excellent training certificates, & a few months’ probation period, then all your family will be safe and sound using this vehicle – until last year!

     This approach alone won’t get you through 2023, the autonomous driving era, because if you’re looking for a great conveyance, Hardware specifications are only half the picture, while Human factors are moving out of the picture!

     For a car with less driver interference, high-connectivity, and cybersecurity threats, a high-spec Software is essential for a complete solution, and to develop that Software, your automotive organization needs to benchmark the highest automotive industry standards for System and Software: It needs Automotive SPICE.

     Automotive SPICE (or A-SPICE for short) stands for “Software Process Improvement Capability dEtermination” which is a set of technical standards and models for Software development processes & related business management functions. It is not a process in itself, but it guides you on how to create – and measure – one!

This scientific article discusses the development of the frame-kinematic method for shaping layered-structured surfaces. The application of this method for creating surfaces with specified microstructure parameters and determining their functional properties is described. The article also presents the results of experiments conducted on a special installation, which confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. Overall, the article provides a new perspective on the problem of shaping complex surfaces and can be useful for scientific and practical professionals involved in creating surfaces with desired properties.

Keywords: kinematic analysis; frame-kinematic method (FKM); 3D printing; 3D models

The Internet of Things impacted the Indian industry in a more thrilling way than expected. India realised the actual uses of this technology in the year 2020, and we all knew what happened during that year, "The Covid Pandemic". The IoT-based system has been in the market, most probably since 2009. 11 years is a long period to make a difference. However, we realised the true potential of a lot when we had limited resources and a limited workforce. So we needed more automation & quick Production of essentials. See everyone says that the pandemic has been a curse to all of us, but in my opinion, no it has not been one. Our industries optimised productivity, adopted precautionary measures for safety during this period, and built an overall safer environment for enterprise operations. This has enabled enterprises to take on loT-enabled management systems in 2022 Before the pandemic, only a few Jarge entrepreneurs knew about the lot-based management system which is quite easier than the old process. The previous year has brought a conscious realisation to small entrepreneurs and has led to a nationwide expansion of smart management and systems.

     Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a promising tool in the field of cancer research, offering a wide range of applications that have the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The integration of AI into cancer research is transforming the way scientists approach cancer research, with the potential to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness of cancer treatment.

     One of the most promising applications of AI in cancer research is in the area of early detection. With the help of machine learning algorithms, AI can analyze large datasets of medical images, including mammograms, MRI scans, and CT scans, to identify patterns and detect subtle changes that may indicate the presence of cancer. This has the potential to greatly improve the accuracy of cancer screening, enabling doctors to detect cancer at an earlier stage when it is more treatable.

1. In recent years, cognitive radio ad-hoc networks (CRAN) have become increasingly popular due to their ability to improve spectrum utilization and enhance wireless communication. CRANs are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to improve spectrum utilization and enhance wireless communication; security remains a significant challenge. However, security in CRAN remains a considerable challenge, with malicious actors capable of causing disruptions and stealing data. One promising solution to this problem is using blockchain technology to secure CRANs. The paragraph sets the stage for discussing how blockchain technology can help solve this problem.
2. Blockchain technology, initially developed for the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, has evolved into a sophisticated tool for secure and transparent data management. The blockchain is essentially a decentralized, distributed ledger that records transactions in a tamper-proof manner. This technology can potentially transform the security of CRANs by providing a secure and transparent way to manage communication and ensure data privacy.
   1. Spectrum Management: This section explains how blockchain technology can enhance security in CRANs by providing a secure and transparent method for spectrum management. In a typical CRAN, nodes may compete for available frequencies, leading to interference and reduced network performance. However, using blockchain, nodes can reach a consensus on spectrum usage, ensuring each node gets a fair share of the available spectrum. This can help to reduce interference and improve network performance.

For example, imagine a group of devices in a park that want to use the same frequency band to communicate with each other. Without a centralized authority to manage spectrum usage, these devices could interfere with each other and cause communication issues. However, by using blockchain technology, the devices could come to a consensus on which frequency band each device can operate at a given time, ensuring that there is no interference and that communication is reliable.

1. One-way blockchain technology can enhance security in CRANs is by providing a secure and transparent method for spectrum management. In a typical CRAN, nodes may compete for available frequencies, leading to interference and reduced network performance. Using blockchain, nodes can reach a consensus on spectrum usage, ensuring each node gets a fair share of the available spectrum. This can help to reduce interference and improve network performance.

1. Identity Management: This section explains how blockchain technology can enhance security in CRANs by providing a secure and transparent method for identity management. In a typical CRAN, nodes may be vulnerable to spoofing and impersonation attacks, leading to data theft and network disruptions. However, using blockchain, nodes can authenticate each other using public- key cryptography, ensuring that only authorized nodes can access the network. This can help to prevent unauthorized access and protect against malicious attacks.

For example, consider a group of intelligent sensors in a building that are communicating with each other to monitor temperature and humidity levels. Without a secure method of identity management, a malicious actor could spoof the identity of one of the sensors and gain access to the network, potentially stealing data or disrupting communication. However, using blockchain technology, each sensor can be authenticated using public-key cryptography, ensuring that only authorized sensors can communicate with each other.

The business world has seen and felt a huge change since the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Many industry pioneers and business leaders are waiting for the Fifth Industrial Revolution named as Industry 5.0, focusing on collaboration between Revolution, Innovation and Efficiency. Industry 4.0 was in service for the benefit of the industry and finding their limitations since last 10 years by introducing some important technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing, Cyber-physical system and Cognitive computing etc. Industry 5.0 is changing paradigm and brings the resolution since it will decrease emphasis on the technology and assume that the potential for progress is based on collaboration among the humans and machines. As businesses started to embrace Industry 4.0, along came with the Fifth Industrial Revolution, increased human interaction with smart machines for enhancing efficiency. The industrial revolution is refining customer satisfaction by utilizing personalized products. There is also debate of the applications enabled in industry 5.0 like healthcare, supply chain, production in manufacturing, cloud manufacturing, etc.

Real dynamical systems tend to contain individual elements with nonlinear characteristics. Such characteristics correspond to a number of elements:

• limiters, as well as devices with saturation of magnetic characteristics in electronic and electromagnetic systems;
• Rubber parts, vibration dampers, as well as leaf springs in mechanical systems , etc.

Therefore, when studying oscillations in such systems, it is necessary to take into account the nonlinearity and characteristics of individual elements and the features of oscillations inherent in nonlinear systems with such characteristics [13, 30]. The most significant features of nonlinear oscillatory systems are as follows:

• They do not apply the principle of superposition;
• Several equilibrium positions may exist in them;
• Their free oscillations are notizochronous, that is, the frequency of free oscillations depends on the initial conditions;
• They are ambiguous, that is, the results of the solution depend not only on the frequency, but also on the amplitude of the perturbations; it is possible to appear oscillations with frequencies of 2, 3, etc. times lower frequencies of the main oscillations - subharmonic oscillations, as well as with frequencies of 2, 3, etc. times higher frequencies of the main oscillations - superharmonic (ultraharmonic) oscillations.
• The possibility of the appearance of self-oscillatory modes, i.e. non-extinguishing oscillations even in the absence of an active perturbation, despite the presence of dissipative forces.

Global optimization sets itself the mission of identifying the most interesting solutions in the overall search space. But actually, it is only the best of all discovered candidate solutions in the explored search space, which depends, in turn, on initial positions of searching points. It is practically impossible to cover the entire search space of NP-hard problems, in a reasonable time, whatever the method used, since the size of this space exceed the capabilities of all sophisticated algorithms implemented on any powerful computer even parallel ones. That is what justify the increased interest to nature-inspired metaheuristics, currently, based on a strategy of balance between exploitation and exploration, which make their approaches looking like smart. Exploration guarantees that the used algorithm will reach the widest possible extent of the undiscovered areas, whereas exploitation guarantees that such algorithm will search for the best solutions inside the most promising areas, already discovered. Authors study, in this work, different implementations of exploration and exploitation mechanisms utilized in many well-known nature-inspired metaheuristics applied to both uni-model and multi-model benchmarks. Uni-model benchmarks aim to test exploitation while multi-model benchmarks aim to test exploration. Obtained results show the superiority of TSO metaheuristic to find the adequate balance between exploration and exploitation leading it to discover in all tested cases, at least, one of the global optima or one of the best near global optima.

Keywords: Smart search; Load balancing; Exploitation; Exploration; Relative best solution; Nature inspired metaheuristics

     In 2019, the United Nations announced that over 60 countries had committed to carbon neutrality by 2050. This tremendously accelerated the dynamics for the development of green, carbon-neutral steelmaking technologies. One way to replace the carbon-intensive blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace (BF/BOF) steelmaking route is to use hydrogen-based direct reduction and an electric arc furnace (EAF).

     About 70% of the world’s steel is produced via the BF/BOF route, an efficient but highly carbon-intensive production method. With limited investment cycles left until 2050, the steelmaking industry must decide which alternative technology for the reduction of iron ore to invest in within the next five to ten years.

     One widely discussed alternative to traditional BF/BOF steelmaking is the hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron ore and EAF. Most of the current pilot projects focus on applying shaft furnaces for direct reduction with hydrogen. However, applying this method would generate the need for several hundred million tons of additional high-quality DR-grade pellets annually, with the associated impacts on pellet availability and prices.

     An alternative is hydrogen-based direct reduction using fine ore instead of pellets. Metso Outotec’s Circored technology is the only process for iron ore reduction based on 100% hydrogen that has proven its functionality and performance in an industrial-scale demonstration plant.

     Circored technology is flexible in its production setup. Besides merchant cold HBI (hot briquetted iron), which can easily be shipped, hot and cold DRI (direct reduced iron) can be produced and directly linked to EAFs and BOFs as a substitute for hot metal and/or other virgin iron units. This guarantees the production of the high-quality steel products that have been traditionally the strength of integrated steel plants.

     In this paper, the principle of the Circored process and the results of the demonstration plant operation are described, along with the possible role of the Circored fine ore direct reduction process in the industry’s transition toward green steel.

This research focuses on optimum usage of industrial waste in soil stabilization. Shear strength alteration happens in subsoil due to environmental fluctuations or seismic events that are generally observed in hilly areas with unsupported backfills. This problem becomes worst in the case of problematic soil that causes collapse or swelling followed by shrinkage in contact with water due to the high anisotropic nature of the subsoil. The cyclic behavior of various problematic soils under transient loading directly incorporates the economic loss and human lives. The present experimental work has briefly described the suitability of using rice husk ash (RHA) in soil stabilization and reducing the dumping of toxic waste responsible for environmental pollution. In place of common stabilizer units such as fly ash and pond ash, we use a cheap stabilizing agent which has no use in soil improvement in past as single unit. RHA is used as a chemical stabilizer as it contains high percentage of silica. If the soil has a larger fraction of clay mineral, then RHA (produced by controlled incineration ~400-500°C) mixed soil in different proportion (4 and 6% by weight of soil sample) performed differently in serviceability and workability tests on soil sample like UCS, modified proctor test, CBR, Atterberg’s limit, permeability, consolidation test, etc. Excellent results were obtained at 6% optimum dosage of RHA in locally available laterite soil (inside NIT Agartala campus) from NE part of India.

Keywords: Rice husk ash; Soil strength; Serviceability

The use of turbochargers nowadays is growing rapidly. However, compliance with stricter environmental regulations for internal combustion engines and the need to reduce fuel consumption are emerging in the above-mentioned group of components. The documentation describes the analytical determination, measurement options and the impact on the turbocharger of axial loads, also known as axial loads, in various publications. The resulting axial force, due to the narrow axial tolerance ranges used in the turbocharger, can cause damage to its structure above a certain level. To avoid this, a so-called axial bearing is installed which, together with the damping effect of the surrounding oil film, prevents excessive rotation of the rotating part in the axial direction. However, under certain conditions, the presence of the oil film between the rotating unit and the stationary axial bearing may be eliminated by heavy stress, so that not only significant friction, but also damage to the bearings and ultimately, the turbocharger may occur. In order to avoid injuries and reduce the friction losses of the charger, it is necessary to define the stresses present here as accurately as possible and to simulate the effect of changing conditions. The purpose of this document is to process the methods and knowledge of this publication in various publications, and to assess further research options that model the impact of the stress caused by EURO 7 and further environmental standards.

Keywords: turbocharger; axial force; emission; internal combustion engines

Financial Management assists ways to attain the goals and objectives within the academic institutions. People understand the key features of the financial management that includes the organisation, transparency and awareness about the features that operate the institution ethically and legally. Managing the academic finance is effectively a complicated series of monthly and annual administration of finance at different levels. The success of academics initiates the momentum for the flow of funds within and outside the Academic Institutions. However, this is not merely by chance. It requires rigorous designing and executing of the initiatives for and by the key stakeholders. This is the normal misconception that the financial management of the corporate sector organizations is difficult than the Academic Institutions. In general, the versatility of the financial management of the Corporate Sector Industries could be more but depth, uncertainty and complexity of the financial management of Academic Institutions is at par with that Corporate Sector Companies. In both the sectors, the Human Resource element makes the management more dynamic and challenging. In Academics as well, the employees are determined, ambitious and obsessive as well. This calls for the ability to push back and win their support. Management offers opportunities and resources to the employees and other stakeholders. However, there is an impact of the psychology and mind-set on the financial management. All the Stakeholders are crucial for the Academic Institutions even though the financial management gets affected to a large extent by the Top Management and their decision making.

Open-source software has pumped up a revolutionary change in the way the software industry functions. But it has also increased the concerns related to software licensing issues, when we receive, make copies or distribute any software. Generally, a proprietary software license agreement clearly mentions about its transfer of rights to use, modify, copy, distribute or derivative works. But due to a variety of open license standards and their varied impact, sometimes confusion arises for volunteers/open source developers to choose the proper licensing for their software code. In this context, a clear understanding is necessary about the open source licensing issues for the FOSS developers, enthusiasts and volunteers [1].

From the virtual assistants in our smartphones to the self-driving automobiles on our roadways, artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming more and more pervasive in our daily lives. Also, a variety of industries, including healthcare, banking, retail, and manufacturing, are using AI technology. It is critical to assess the current level of the technology and its possible effects on society as the usage of AI increases. We'll examine some of the most important data on artificial intelligence in this editorial.

     The worldwide AI market is anticipated to increase from $58.3 billion in 2021 to $309.6 billion in 2026, at a compound yearly growth rate of 39.7%, according to a recent analysis by Markets and Markets. Big data analytics, increased acceptance of cloud-based AI services, and rising interest in chatbots and virtual assistants with AI capabilities are some of the drivers fueling this growth. With a predicted CAGR of 44.9% from 2021 to 2026, the healthcare business is anticipated to be one of the fastest-growing industries for AI. The growing application of AI in drug development, medical imaging, and customized medicine is fueling this increase. A estimated CAGR of 41.1% for the financial services industry from 2021 to 2026 indicates that it will likewise be a significant adopter of AI. In this sector, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are employed for fraud detection, risk management, and customer service. There is a lot of potential for both beneficial and harmful effects on society in the quickly expanding fields of AI's impact on the labor market, facial recognition, deepfake, and cyberattack. As AI develops, it is crucial that creators, decision-makers, and the general public collaborate to make sure that new technologies are created and applied in a way that is open, equitable, and helpful to all.

Nowadays, the different custom power topologies are being competed in the utility market and also, their impact is compared on the basis of shunt compensation. By keeping the improved design of the DSTATCOM in the power system, there are critical issues to maximize the advantage of the existing device. Also, possible synchronization between different compensators for the purpose of achieving better PQ solutions is studied. Still, Power engineers and scientists are looking forward to launching a new compensator to strengthen its filtering competency and have a competitive edge on PQ issues. Depending on the application, the inverter requires specific features such as voltage gain, size, efficiency, cost etc. Voltage source inverters (VSIs) and current source inverters (CSIs) are two well known inverters widely used in various applications. Since VSI reduces the voltage level where as CSI increases the voltage. But both have a limit in compensation capability . The above drawbacks of VSI and CSI were solved by the impedance source inverter (ZSI) family. The X-shape ZSI consists of two inductors and two capacitors. Its configuration cause to increase its boost capability in one stage through a shoot-through state. In other words the upper and lower switches of its leg are turned on simultaneously, which is impossible in the traditional VSI .

Major cities are highly endangered from thefts in a range of ways, such chain robberies, robberies committed by persons inside stores, and home invasions. These residential crimes take place by breaking in via the locked doors. It is sometimes possible to prevent murder of an owner during a late-night heist by having cops patrol the area at night and taking other security measures, according to state police. However, this strategy can't stop home invasion robberies because authorities are unable to search every single house. A number of modules, including Auto-Configuration and Management, Communication Protocol, Auto-monitoring and Control, and Objects Security Systems, are included in the proposed generic framework. The proposed generic framework comprises various modules such as Auto-Configuration and Management, Communication Protocol, auto-monitoring and Control, and Objects Access Control. The architecture of the new generic framework and functionality of various modules in the framework are also presented. The proposed generic framework is helpful for making every house as smart house to increase the comfort of inhabitants with security. Each of the components of generic framework is robust in nature in providing services at any time. The components of smart home system are designed to take care of various issues such as scalability, interoperability, device adaptability, security and privacy. The proposed generic framework is designed to work on all vendor boards and variants of Linux and Windows operating system.

Keywords: Raspberry Pi; spy cam; Door Sensor; LCD; GSM; GPS; Buzzer

This paper aimed at analysing the current state of methods of increasing methane generation during treatment of organic sewage sludge. The authors considered the theoretical principles of biogas production and the main directions of intensification of methane fermentation processes. A chemical study of sediments produced at sewage treatment plants in the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine, showed that the C/N ratio in the investigated excess activated sludge is 4-5, in the mixture of primary and secondary sediment - 5-6, in sediment from sludge sites - 6 -10, which is significantly less than the ratio of 20:1, which limits the negative impact of increased nitrogen content in organic substrate for methane fermentation. The directions for rising speed of the first phase of sediment fermentation and directions for increasing methane output during fermentation of a complex organic substrate have been determined. The promising technologies of adding organic substrates, richer in carbon compared to sewage sludge, have been noted. This solution will not only make it possible to improve productivity of fermenters, but at the same time resolve the issue of organic waste management.

A highly nonlinear relationship exists between complex driving conditions, external influencing factors and vehicle energy consumption. Considering the spatiotemporal characteristics of vehicle operation, the significant feature parameters are extracted to improve the accuracy of vehicle energy consumption prediction. In this paper, an electric vehicle energy consumption prediction method that integrates real vehicle operation data and machine learning methods is proposed. Based on a large amount of real vehicle operation data, data cleaning and data integration methods are used to divide different kinematic segments. The key features of vehicle operation are extracted from the kinematic segment, and the correlation coefficient analysis is used to screen important feature values. Based on the XGBoost algorithm, the vehicle termination SOC prediction model is established to further obtain the results of the vehicle energy consumption. Through real vehicle operation data verification, the energy consumption prediction error within 0.04kWh, the results indicate that the proposed method gives out high accuracy.

Single directive beam Antennas suffer from a sufficient number of bottlenecks. Alternatively a multi-beam Antenna(MBA’s) where Antennas work independently and concurrently to achieve High Gain and Beamforming in the RF domain can prove as a candidate solution to present day Single Beam Antennas as they serve as key enablers for Massive-MIMO configuration, a breakthrough towards the conventional MIMO where a very large number of service Antennas operate fully coherently and adaptively. Here MBA’s operating in the mm-Wave band have attracted much interest and have been rigorously investigated here. With the demanding requirements of 5G which prove as advantageous solutions to today’s spectrum shortage at conventional cellular frequencies. Since it is simultaneously difficult to obtain High Gain and Wide coverage , Quasi-Conical Beam Antennas have been proposed as candidate solution to today’s problems. Such Antennas produce High Gain pencil beam which electrically scan along a cone to provide enormous special diversity in the time domain. The concept is based on the development of a novel Fabry-Perot-Fermi Antenna with wide Angle steering capability to produce Fan-Beam in the azimuth direction along a cone. Furthermore they are different from conventional MBA’s in the sense that no additional beamforming network like Buttler-Matrix or Rotman-Lens is required to produce the multi-beam and FP Antenna itself acts as the radiator. Also the addition of an additional beamforming network increases complexity in terms of Size and Cost. Initially an Array of 3-FP Antenna elements were arranged in a back-to-back tri-element configuration or CONBA-(Conical Beamformed Array) orientation to form diversity combination in the time domain by switching each individual elements for a time period to cover the enormous angular Spatial range. Simulation and measurement results show that the S-parameter is below (S₁₁ < -10dB) at an operating bandwidth from (10.17GHz-19.92GHz) and a wide Impedence Bandwidth around 64.805% illustrating a Wideband nature. The novelty of the proposed work is that only 3-FP Antenna elements can cover the entire 360ο range in the azimuth plane(φ-plane) which is an improvement over other proposed works where 8 or more than 8 elements cover the entire range. For this enormous Parametric studies have been performed to achieve such a performance improvement. Also the configuration of FP Antennas have wide Scan Angle capability of 50^ο(8^ο - 58^ο) in the elevation plane(θ-plane) which is achievable far better. These characteristics make the configuration suitable for UAV and Space Applications.

Index Terms: High-gain; wide band; quasi-conical beam; Fabry-Perot antenna; beamforming; Rotman-lens; Buttler-Matrix

Friction stir processing is a very promising method widely joining varieties of metals in other relatively marine, shipbuilding, automotive industries, aeronautical and heavy machinery industries due to the following advantages i.e. low porosity, less tendency to cracking and fewer defects. Research investigates the mechanical properties for input parameters welding speed, rotational speed, tilt angle, axial force and output parameters tensile strength, micro hardness on advancements of aluminum alloys by using friction stir processing on based with cost Taguchi L9 used for the carrying with research on experiments with trailing on parent materials is different ranges of input responses on welding speed is 60 mm/min , rotational speed 1250 rpm, tilt angle 3⁰, and axial force of 12 KN output responses tensile strength are 167 MPa measured on the basis of ASTM on specimens and analysis for carrying and used design of experiments and mathematical modeling, the relations with empirical process useful for the development for automated design.

Keywords: Aeronautical Industries; Mechanical Properties; Advancements of Aluminium Alloys

Over the past few years, the use of electronic health records (EHRs), wearable devices and health apps has grown in popularity. Due to the abundance of collected and integrated data, self-management of health becomes more practical. Among the challenges facing the current health system are intelligent homes and intelligent workplaces made possible by the Internet of Things. The Web of Things (WoT) is a subset of the Internet of Things that aims to connect everyday things to the Internet and manage interoperability. Furthermore, collaboration of health data with data from various devices at home and at work, as well as open data on the Internet, is critical for successful and accessible health self-management. Unfortunately, shared health data may be untrustworthy for a variety of reasons. Uncertainty can be caused by heterogeneity, incompleteness, unavailability, and data inconsistency. To address the problem of health data uncertainty, we provide a probabilistic approach for composing uncertain Health Connected Data and computing the probabilities to deliver the final degree of uncertainty. We also present a method for parsing typical WoT objects into a new programmatic form that mimics the uncertainty of health data. Using a health care use case, we show how our technique successfully integrates uncertain health data with home, work, and sport environment data for the WoT domain.

Keywords: Uncertainty; WoT; uncertain IoT; REST Data; Integration; Probability

A new type of wind turbine has been created called the bladeless turbine, which uses a completely new type to capture wind energy, as it works with a minimum of moving parts to generate electric current using the vibration produced by the wind. In this chapter, numerical modeling of airflow around a two-dimensional cylinder was made and compared with the reference values to ensure the correctness of the program used, and then the three-dimensional cylinder was studied and the numerical study expanded to include several cases. Where the study was conducted on 5 different shapes of the mast by changing the angles of inclination of the cylinder under boundary conditions T=288.16 K, P=l atm, V = 0.0003 m/s and studying the effect of model dimensions on the results of the modeling process by comparing the pressure diagrams around the studied shapes in order to ensure that the results are within the least relative error. The results also showed that with increasing the angle of inclination of the cylinder, a lower pressure drop was obtained. Numerical modeling of the airflow around the bladeless wind turbine was also made according to two cases, the first case when the same boundary conditions V =0.0003 m/s, T = 288.16 K, P = l atm, the second case at reference boundary conditions V = 3 m/s, T = 300K, P = l atm, Using a regular mesh and hexahedron, the density of the used mesh has been modeled, and then reviewing the effect of the used perturbative model on the results, choosing the perturbative model best suited to the studied case, and comparing it with the reference case.

Keywords: Vortex Induced Vibrations; Bladeless Windmill; Vortex Shedding; Numerical Modeling

The shoreline, which is the boundary line between water and land is undergoing constant changes due to varying dynamic factors like, bathymetry, wave climate, currents, and coastal orientation. Shoreline movement causes erosion and accretion on thecoast. The repeated storms and the rise in sea levels lead to coastal flooding and which contributes toerosion/accretion problem on the coast. For the present attempt, the shoreline evolution is analysed by using numerical method, due to the development of Thangassery harbour in Kerala coast in India. To predict the shoreline evolutions at Thangassery harbour Mike 21 SW and LITPACK modules are utilized. The studies reveal that after the harbour construction, there is tremendous accretion on the immediate south of leeward breakwater followed by erosion trend.

Keywords: harbour; breakwater; shoreline; erosion; accretion; LITPACK

While block chain, clean energy and virtual technology gradually complete the profound deconstruction of regional culture, there is also the "re-organization" and "re-visualization" of regional culture. The game paradigm is the operation mode, communication language and interaction mechanism of e-sports. With "digital drive, cultures, art, innovation" as the starting point, the visual elements of the research on regional culture and block chain extending reality, realize the decentralized VR/AR/MR born from the physical world and the world seamless link (heart) and yuan universe the fusion, the technology is advance esports transmission iterative build regional culture important focus.

Keywords: e-sports; cross-modal; regional culture; iterative construction; interactive experience

In 2008 several Construction bodies sat together and formed The Institute for Lean Construction Excellence (ILCE) with the objective to spread awareness about Lean practices. At present, several Construction majors like L & T, Shapoorji Pallonji, Afcons, URC Construction, TATA Realty, Godrej Construction & many more both construction or non-construction companies are following Lean Construction practices.

International students have greater difficulties navigating a variety of academic and social contexts than host nationals. Language-related issues were among the most often cited difficulties by students studying abroad. Many students who study abroad and rely on language to navigate have a tough time learning a new language. If asked to identify the most significant influence on language learning, most teachers and students would likely name motivation. Teachers of foreign languages frequently use the term "motivation" when describing successful or failed students. Nonetheless, there is no doubt that motivation is the most complex and difficult challenge confronted by language learners, particularly in this digital age. Numerous research on the efficiency of computer-assisted language learning have been conducted in recent years, and the literature on the psychology of language learning is vast. Regarding the psychological aspect of a mobile-assisted language-learning environment, relatively little research has been undertaken. In addition, few research have directly examined the attitudes of international students regarding the usage of mobile devices to motivate their foreign language learning. The purpose of this article is to investigate Chinese over-seas university students' use of MALL applications to motivate foreign language learning in Germany. The study evaluated whether and how perceived tools or activities can affect learners' motivation to acquire foreign languages in informal settings. In addition, the reasons why mobile devices motivate language use and specific types of motivation are investigated.

Some aspects of the application of probabilistic methods in the problems of dynamics, strength and reliability of rail crews are consistently outlined. Methods for generating random perturbation and solving problems about random oscillations of crews with linear and nonlinear characteristics of spring suspension are considered. It is shown that random oscillations of nonlinear systems are non-stationary and to determine their probabilistic characteristics it is necessary to apply the averaging procedure for a set of implementations.

The semi-automatic car parking system has been used in many cities across the world due to its many benefits, including its tiny model, compaction, need for less space, and speedy construction. The car parking system solution may hold the key to addressing the parking needs of urban areas since it has specifications that are appropriate to the needs and characteristics of HoChiMinh City. However, in terms of sustainable and aesthetically pleasing urban development, choosing the best location to place the parking model is difficult. Therefore, this research aims to determine the selection of criteria affecting the location of semi-automatic car parking criteria based on a Multicriteria Decision Making Model (MCDM). The contribution of this study is a set of guidelines with four primary criteria and eighteen sub-criteria to assist private businesses and local management organizations choose the best location for semi-automatic parking to maximize efficiency and toward urban sustainability.

In view of the poor evaluation effect of MOOC learning efficiency, this study proposes an intelligent evaluation method of MOOC learning efficiency based on Kirkpatrick's model. Firstly, Kirkpatrick's model is used to screen the evaluation indexes of MOOC learning efficiency, so as to construct the intelligent evaluation system of teaching-learning efficiency. Then optimize the intelligent evaluation steps of teaching efficiency. The experimental results show that this method has high practicability and accuracy in practical application, and can fully meet the research requirements.

So what is the Russian engineering school? Why exactly is it necessary to restore it? Among the many publications on the founding of 30 engineering schools in Russia, there is almost no explanation of this phenomenon [1]. Perhaps this is due to the fact that historians of science know more about the “Russian engineering school”. Experts in the history of science and Higher Education in Russia are in solidarity in their main assessments and conclusions [2]. According to their opinion, from the birth of engineering education in Russia under Peter the Great and up to the present day, the engineering school has been preparing true engineering élite, who were capable of resolving the most challenging issues of ensuring security and technological development of the country. Since the end of the 19th century it has achieved such a level that it has always been a role model for others to follow. For a better understanding of the Russian engineering education, it is necessary to look at the main periods of its formation and development [3].

The Forces between two charges are one the four fundamental forces that keep the world together Indeed when a single photon is emitted, it spreads over a system, the intensity decrease by square law of the distance which compliant with conservation of energy. A changing magnetic field creates an electric field, and a changing electric field creates a magnetic field, and an accelerating electric field creates an accelerating magnetic field. Electric lines are modeled for visualizing the effect in space of electrostatic forces that occur two or more charged particles. Maxwell equation provides a Mathematical model for electric, optical and radio technologies such as power generation, electrical motor and wireless communication. Unfortunately, Maxwell’s equation requires some advanced techniques which lie well beyond the understanding of this paper. The derivation of maxwell’s equations is approach established for the time -dependent from static laws, The variation of electrical fields and magnetic field and Faraday’s law can be derived without any assumption relativistic.

     The Outcome-based Education (OBE) introduce in the United States since 1994. Many countries started onwards for universities also implementing in public schools system since 2008.

     In Outcome-based education, teachers are the facilitators, rather than lecturers. In OBE teachers guide students through learning, hands-on, curricular activities & interactions to guide student engagement with new study material. Also motivate & encourage the application of developing knowledge and skills through the students.

     In Outcome-based education, teachers are the facilitators, rather than lecturers. In OBE teachers guide students through learning, hands-on, curricular activities & interactions to guide student engagement with new study material. Also motivate & encourage the application of developing knowledge and skills through the students.

     The concept of green supply chain is fast gaining momentum, because of the environmental concerns. The 6 R’s namely Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Rethink, Refuse, and Repair are securing importance. A new concept of remanufacturing is also coming up Due to limited availability of natural resources, there is constant demand to reduce consumption [1]. The manufacturers are constantly taking account of the environmental concerns while designing supply chains. The green supply chain management (GSCM) primarily emphasizes on reducing the waste generation and reusing the waste. GSCM is “integrating environmental thinking into supply chain management, including product design, material sourcing and selection, manufacturing processes, delivery of the final products to the consumers, and end-of-life management of the product after its useful life” [2].

     Considering the issues of human interaction with the environment, there is often a need to know the permissible limits of impacts under which the natural-technogenic system does not leave a stable permissible state. This applies to the most diverse areas of scientific and practical activity in natural or human-modified environments. For example, in geotechnics - it is necessary to know the limits of static and dynamic loads on soils, resistance to shear and other stresses; in hydrogeology - to additional infiltration feeding of groundwater, pressure gradients; in thermal physics - resistance to temperature effects. That is, it is necessary to assess the permissible limits in a wide variety of areas of physical interactions in the "human - environment" system.

     The need to move away from fossil energy sources has never been so strong. One of the technologies under the spotlight in recent years is certainly that of Fuel Cells (FC). Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) or Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) represent different developing paths of this technology, but they all share a couple of benefits with respect to other energy conversion devices: they have no moving parts and a quite simple working principle. But how can we push forward the development of FCs?

Cow leather, an animal product, is a common material. Despite being robust, it raises moral, social, and environmental concerns. The world is warming up, plant habitats and plant origins are being destroyed, artificial colours have an adverse effect on the environment and human health, and animal products and hair are utilized to make various types of leather and pricey fashionable clothing. Vegan leather, which was produced by recreating leftovers or growing living cells, may be a recent innovation for the manifesto on sustainable fashion. Another biomaterial manufactured without fleshing any animal is environmentally friendly and animal free leather, often known as "vegan leather" or "artificial leather". As an alternative to cow leather or other animal leather, the creation of vegan leather using a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) can be investigated. There is currently few research on the several substrates that can be used to create vegan leather using this process. In order to provide plant-based vegan leather, this paper used a variety of plant-based substrates, including SCOBY and kombucha tea. To sum up, this substance might also be thought of as a potential leather substitute for use in leather accessories like handbags and upper shoe soles.

Business leaders with aptitude for using data intelligibly will be able to perform better post COVID-19 outbreak era. Literature posits that organisations are required to recognize the prudent role data plays in making crucial decisions about strategic directions and ground-breaking decisions for maximising all stakeholders contribution, organisational growth, environmental, social and governance legitimacy. This is particularly pivotal during the time of catastrophic disasters or events that pose potential threats to business continuity and sustainability. While a lot has been researched in relation to Big Data, not much is available in literature regarding Big Qualitative (Qual) Data, and methods of computational approaches for transforming raw big qual data to information pieces that may produce relevant knowledge required for decision-making. This study proposes that informed decision-making will be beneficial to leaders who need to be at the cutting-edge of knowledge production within the dimension of ideation and innovation. The COSTA Technique provides researchers and organisations with real-time technological enablers, using mix-media applications and web-based approaches that provides business intelligence capabilities with high levels of efficiency and integrity to be utilised in decision making.

The proposed approach to Data-Driven Decision-Making applies the capabilities framework that focuses on five key variables in decision-making, such as data governance, data analytics, insights exploitation, performance management and data integration. The final outcome of utilizing the cloud-based COSTA QDA and technique culminates in presentation of methodologies that demonstrates how large volumes of textual data, also known and referred to as “big qualitative data” may be transformed to structured, coherent, meaningful and timely decision-making enablers.

     Manufacturing components and parts for a specific application are generally fabricated by traditional methods followed by industrial standards. With the modern era of machining components new materials, composites and alloys have also been developed for particular applications having desirable and required properties. Boron steel is one such material being used in manufacturing industries for agricultural spades, knives, blades, etc. in its raw form. In the present work, boron steel's properties and chemical composition have been compared when it is heat treated. It was observed that the working life span has been increased effectively and efficiently. This has also been verified using ANSYS.

     Bird's nest is a common defect in transmission line, which seriously affects the safe and stable operation of the line. This paper presents a method of bird's nest hazard level identification based on improved yolov5 and location constraints, which solves the problem of bird's nest multiple identification and hazard level classification. We integrate GhostModule and efficient channel attention (ECA) to design a lightweight attention mechanism convolution module (LAMCM). The original yolov5 is improved by using LAMCM and adding a prediction head, which improves the detection ability of small targets and alleviates the negative impact of scale violence. We only identify the bird's nest on the panorama of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) patrol, and classify the hazard level of the bird's nest according to the location constraints of the bird's nest and insulator. Experiments on coco dataset and self built transmission line dataset (TL) show that our algorithm is superior to other commonly used algorithms. On the COCO dataset, our algorithm achieved 49.1% AP at a real-time speed of ~79FPS on Tesla V100. On the TL dataset, the recognition effect of our algorithm on towers, insulators and bird nests has improved to varying degrees compared with the original yolov5. In particular, the recall rate of bird nest identification for three hazard levels has increased by more than 3%. The average recall rate of bird nest hazard level identification is 93%, and the average accuracy rate is 93.5%.

     A better understanding of hydraulic fracturing behavior is even more crucial in unconventional plays as more new-well or infill-well are drilled and completed nowadays. Having integrated different sources of information/data such as the general trend of hydraulic fracturing practices during the last 20 years, DFIT and fracturing simulation, core analysis data, outcrops, the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (HFTS), and fracturing monitoring in the wells or between wells such as pressure, tracers, DAS, DTS, DSS and so on. After synthesizing all kinds of data and information and applying multidisciplinary fusion ideas to the analysis, we proposed an innovative conceptual model of hydraulic fracturing coming along with some associated concepts; The transdisciplinary integration approach we used in this research follows all fundamental physics law and meticulously logical reasoning and analogy with crossing validation, the first principle thinking epistemologically because of the physics of unconventional fracturing is much more complicated than any single discipline can explain. More often than not, the solution coming from any discipline or data source is not a unique one. The cognition of the morphology or the called fracture pattern of hydraulic fracturing is critical, which is virtually the conceptual model of fracturing. The conceptual model can directly impact the fracturing design and the way to evaluate actual fracturing.

     Using the proposed conceptual model, Fracturing Impact Volume (FIV), one can better explain what fracturing has done for unconventional plays and why it worked. With the proposed conceptual model and tossing aside the fracture network as the fracturing goal, many current fracturing practices can be improved significantly, and the way of production can be revised. This is a significant concept shifting in the unconventional fracturing arena. It is certainly not an easy task, but this paper makes a compelling case. With the FIV model in mind, the perception of “the greater the pumping rate, the higher net frac pressure, the better the fracturing to be” becomes unnecessary or makes little sense. This paper will decode the shale oil/gas flow mechanisms and demonstrate a better way to fracture and produce unconventional resources like shale oil/gas.

The past decade has identified Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) as one of the promising technology for intelligent communication among vehicles. VANET supports the dissemination of safety, warning, and infotainment messages. Today, there is a growing demand for location-specific and infotainment messages among urban travelers. The class of applications that disseminates infotainment messages are called user centric applications. The task of dissemination is expected to be remunerative to promote cooperation among the vehicles. A vehicle that disseminates these user-centric messages earns a reward in the form of an incentive. Generally, the incentive bring in greed with a threat of malicious behavior in the network. Previously, several incentive-based approaches have been proposed that handle malicious behavior and maintain the equilibrium of rewards with the perspective of the Vehicular Network (VN). However, the Reinforcement Learning (RL) paradigm with its intelligent algorithms combined with vehicular networks is capacitated to handle several challenges in the incentive-based approaches. In this paper, we explore how RL environments can be adopted for the rewarding techniques in VANET. The paper concludes with open research challenges in this area.

A geometrical problem is to determine the location of the image equidistant from four points that do not coincide in three-dimensional space. A practical example of this problem is to determine the location of the lamp equidistant from four lamps, arbitrarily located in the hall of an art gallery, a sports hall, on a site in a park and other objects. A method has been developed for the graphical determination of the geometrical place of an image equidistant from four points that do not coinciding in three-dimensional space. A methodology for the graphical solution of engineering geometric problems is proposed.

     The Yellow River has a famous tributary called the Wei River, the Wei River has a famous tributary called the Jing River, and the Jing River has a less famous tributary called the Malian River; Not far from the place where the Malian River flows into the Jing River, a bridge was built in the sixties of the last century, and one end of the bridge connects to Changwu County in Shaanxi Province, the other end of the bridge is connected to the Qingyang area of Gansu Province, so the bridge was named Changqing Bridge; From here, tracing the Malian River up, you can find an old county town called Qingyang County and now called Qingcheng County, this The old county town is lifted by two rivers, east and west, on a high loess terrace; Although this is a small county town, it is a historical city that can be counted in the country, how long the history of ancient China is, how long the history of this county town is, and the historical story of this city cannot be told for three days and three nights; The small river that protects this city in the east has a poetic name "Rouyuan River", and if you go up the Rouyuan River, you can meet a smaller county seat It is Huachi County; Not far from the county seat of Huachi there is a small village called Zhaogoumen The village met a drilling team in 1970 of the last century, and the drilling team with the number 1858 made a hole there The well for exploring for oil, the name of the well is Keisanjing; On August 7 of that year, I saw the industrial oil flow, which was a groundbreaking event in Qingyang, Longdong, people From this, it is known that there is oil hidden in the depths of Qingyang. At that time, the country's economic construction, especially war readiness, urgently needed a large amount of oil, and Qingyang happened to discover oil, a great happy event Yikes! The Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to this great happy event, and the State Council and the Central Military Commission have jointly issued it Document No. 81 1970 entrusted the glorious task of exploiting the oil here The leading organ organized by the Lanzhou Military Region and set up in Lanzhou marched all the way east and then east, until the place where the bridge was built, and then set up camp. Because the name of the bridge is Changqing Bridge, the leading organ that has set up camp here has taken them on a mission That is, the oilfield that was developed and built was named Changqing Oilfield. Who would have imagined that fifty years later, this oil field that was discovered from that well and named after that bridge, It has become a world-class oilfield with an annual output of 60 million tons.

The progress and status of information design at home and abroad is comparative analysis. Based on the Web of Science and CNKI databases, the relevant documents of foreign and domestic information design were obtained as data resources, and bibliometric analysis methods and content analysis methods were used to draw knowledge maps combined with the visualization functions of VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, and systematically analyzed the distribution of cooperation networks. Three aspects of hot topic distribution and time zone evolution analysis reflect the research status of this field. The research hotspots and trends in the field of information design at home and abroad are different. The foreign research in this field is earlier, the research institutions are closely connected, the research content is more detailed, and the human-oriented concept of information is concerned; the domestic research in this field is relatively late, there is a lack of connection between research institutions, and the research content is relatively scattered, focusing on the technology and method research of information design. The research in the field of information design in China should return to the human-oriented concept of metacognition, start from the information ontology, establish a research chain to explore human needs, and at the same time promote the research on intelligent information dissemination, and use innovative thinking to reconstruct more complex information problems. More detailed cross-cutting research, to establish rich information design context logic, to meet the more specific information needs of users.

Research suggests that online teaching has emerged as a crucial field of study in virtual education. The central aim of online teaching implies integration of new electronic devices and technologies in such a way so that it meets the goals of the curriculum and student learning environment without affecting the active learning in both online and offline mode. Many effective teaching methods are practiced by the educators to deliver the course online during class hours and outside class. In this paper, we present student’s response in promoting self-learning and collaborative-learning approaches. To achieve this, proper implementation and structuring of course modules, usage of appropriate software’s, proper organisation of learning aids are considered to meet the competency needs of students that supports to enhance their self-learning abilities. Student evaluation during class hours enables educators to analyse effectiveness of teaching in online classes. The results of this approach is evaluated by collecting student’s response.

Keywords: Virtual learning strategies, e-learning, peer learning.

In an era of rapid advances in information technology, augmented reality is becoming increasingly evident as a new technological medium for creating interesting learning experiences for the children's education sector. It uses computer-generated 3D information to embed virtual objects into the physical environment, providing children with an interactive, immersive, virtual-real environment, and it is one of the powerful tools for arousing children's interest in learning and enhancing their cognitive abilities. In this paper, we develop a museum learning service based on a PBL (play-based learning) model that combines AR technology, children's games and museum learning. The practice was eventually implemented in the Chinese Geological Museum.

Keywords: Augmented Reality; Learning based on games; Museum learning

With the rapid development of new generation of information technologies such as big data, cloud computing and the Internet of Things, the traditional government governance model has been unable to effectively cope with the changing social environment and new challenges. The development of big data has made significant progress and breakthroughs in government’s modern governance ability, which has become a new path of government data governance. The construction of smart government and the realization of smart government governance model are based on the rule of law as the basic guarantee, big data and other science and technology as the basic conditions, and smart decision-making as the core to build a dynamic network collaborative governance mechanism among government, market and society, so as to realize the efficient governance mode of smart government and promote the modernization of government governance ability. Starting from the construction of smart government, this paper mainly analyzes the mode concept, challenges and countermeasures of smart government construction in the era of big data.

Keywords: Data Sharing; Smart Cities; Rule of Law Government

     Within a year, 4 papers were published on the Medicon platform, and the article numbers were respectively MCET02012, MCET02023, M CET03073 and MCET03074. Is this an easy thing to do, or is it a little difficult, a little weight, a little capital can be enough for friends what about a thing that friends show off? This is a question that is best answered now.

Overeducation is a frequently discussed term in the neoclassical conventional view of the labour market. According to this perspective, overeducation resulted from a temporary disequilibrium in labour markets. People are rational participants in the labour market; they opt to overeducate themselves in order to signal their ability, obtain experience and subsequently advance to better jobs. However, behavioural economics rose to prominence due to its distinctive contributions to the study of human behaviour and its challenges to the rationality assumption. In light of concepts such as fairness, loss aversion and hyperbolic discounting models, many long-held neoclassical assumptions are challenged or perhaps need to be reconsidered. This study intends to contribute to the overeducation literature by explaining the phenomena as a kind of labour market stratification that disadvantages overeducated employees relative to others with the same educational level engaged in a well-matched job.

India has one of the largest road networks in the world comprising about 5.5 million kilometers as of April 2018 (MoRTH, 2018). During the previous few years, there has been an enormous growth in the development of the road network due to which connectivity between cities, towns, and villages in the country has improved. Indian road infrastructure is undergoing phenomenal growth and will continue to grow at higher rates in coming years too. In most cases, flexible pavements are being constructed at a rapid pace due to the advantages they provide over rigid pavements. The flexible pavements can be strengthened with the increasing amount of traffic at a later stage and are less expensive in regards to initial cost and maintenance. With the increase in traffic volume and climatic variations, the damage is being caused to the roads. It has been observed that the roads start developing cracks after the initial few years which further progress into a pothole and later a distressed patch is formed. Another factor is the poor-quality control during construction which renders the road unserviceable before its design life. Therefore, we must come up with a different approach to the improvement of pavements.

After the COVID-19 shutdown, there emerged a “new normal” characterised by a combination of in-person and virtual contact. In a case-control study, a few researchers examined how the “new normal” affected people’s sleeping and eating habits compared to before the epidemic. In one research, secondary data may be the most crucial information in another. This occurs when data is utilised more than once, serving as primary data for the first study and secondary data for the second. One thing is constant in a world that changes rapidly: financial professionals must continually endeavour to enhance their abilities to maintain their jobs and advance their careers. When the country was placed under lockdown in March 2020 due to the coronavirus, credit growth halted in nearly every industry. The growth in stressed assets induced by the pandemic is projected to triple the cost of loans from the banking sector in FY21 compared to pre-COVID-19 levels. To address the high number of defaults, banks will need to repair or enhance their internal systems and modify their internal risk and early warning systems based on lessons acquired during the financial crisis. If banks want to ensure the success of their commercial and operational strategies in the future, they must act swiftly. A list of suggestions that might assist banks in preparing for the new normal.

Building-integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPV) currently represent a fundamental concept for the realization of sustainable buildings. However, these systems like any photovoltaic device are endowed with a limited efficiency due to the negative effect of the rise in the temperature of the cells. To limit this inconvenience, a cooling system must be applied. In this study, a suitable geometry was considered based on the temperature distribution in the base system. Indeed, a particular cooling system with a contact surface and a volume of water which increase as the temperature of the photovoltaic cells increases is considered. In addition, the external heat exchange surface of the proposed system is varied, linear and cylindrical based surfaces are studied.Numerical simulations were performed using the CFD package, Ansys. The main attention was focused on the overall system’s temperature and electrical efficiency improvement. Moreover, the gain generated in thermal energy is evaluated. The results revealed that the proposed system allows an important reduction of the PV cell temperature. While the non-cooled BIPV system temperature variation was in the range of 312.5 K - 348.5 K for a solar radiation ranging from 200 W/m² to 1000 W/m², this variation is reduced to small values for the water cooled system, respectively from 301 K to 310.5 K. This reduction in the temperature of the PV cells has directly resulted in an improvement in the photovoltaic efficiency of the system where a minimum average value of 15% has been noted, while the values noted for the uncooled system vary between 12.3% and 14.8% in depending on the incident radiation. Concerning the effect of the external heat exchange surface, the effect was not remarkable on the electrical performance of the system, however, the linear surface-based system proved to be more efficient in terms of thermal production than the cylindrical one. Finally, the effect of the flow rate is also discussed and the results show that for a relatively high value like 0.22 kg/s, a good reduction in the temperature of the PV cells can be achieved while ensuring a significant thermal production.

GaN HEMT is chosen for many high frequency applications such as Power Amplifiers because of its desirable properties. Most semiconductors fail at high frequency applications because of their thermal and bias limitations. It’s very difficult to operate theamplifier at high frequency and high power ratings. The HEMT transistors can operate at high electric fields and high frequencies. The heterojunction structure provides more no of free electrons without any doping which significantly improves the mobility and the current. The heterostructure also blocks the current flow in unwanted directions. This paper explains about GaN HEMT transistor and its practical application as a Power Amplifier. CREE CGH40010F GaN (10 W) device is chosen and developed at the schematic level. The schematic provides 15.5 dB gain and 66% efficiency.

The study is an extract from the researcher’s PHD thesis titled, “Pedagogical Integration of Technology as an enhancement to teaching and learning in Gauteng Public Schools”. The study aimed to explore the degree of the ICT integration within Gauteng Public Schools, the challenges impeding the optimum utilisation of ICT towards curriculum delivery and enabling conditions for ICT rollout in education transformation. Therefore, the study’s objectives were to determine the degree to which individual qualities impact the educator’s preparedness in using ICT for teaching, to ascertain the magnitude preceding ICT skills and computer training affects educators’ preparedness within their teaching environment.

The study was hinged upon a pragmatist paradigm, using mixed methods approach, whereby a case study was chosen as a strategy. The theoretical notation for the study was an inductive simultaneous approach whereby the qualitative dimension was core and quantitate dimension was supplemental. Purposive sampling technique was applied to sample twelve (12) Heads of Departments (HODs) and five (5) senior officials from the Gauteng Department of Education (GDE). Both educators and HODs were selected from public schools in three Gauteng regions: Johannesburg, Tshwane, and Ekurhuleni. Furthermore, a stratified random sampling method was used to obtain feedback from two hundred and ten (210) educators, who were selected from the identified population.

The study findings showed that male educators had a higher and positive attitude towards ICT integration and utilisation in the classroom than their female counterparts. In addition, the study findings revealed that most of the professional development support from the department provided to educators mainly empowers them on how to best utilise information communication technology available, not how to effectively integrate the technology into the curriculum.

The results of this study confirmed that even though resources and training were provided by the GDE, educators were not sufficiently equipped to develop their own approaches that could embrace ICT into the learning process. In most cases, educators were not using technological tools to develop their lesson plans and curriculum delivery. A clear understanding of how educators integrate ICT in teaching is significant to develop and deliver effective educational opportunities to properly prepare learners for higher learning, work, and life in the 21^st century.

Metaverse is a virtual apace where people can enter and interact with other users in a computer-generated surroundings. It is an integrated system of 3-dimensional virtual worlds. These are preferably accessed via a VR headset. Users’ eye movements, their voice commands and feedback controllers are mainly used to navigate around the metaverse. In this way they are able to fully immerse themselves in the virtual world and simulate their presence. With the advent of this new technology, challenges are bound to occur. Most importantly challenges related to security of users need to be dealt with. Every person entering and interacting in the metaverse must be a verified user so that identity frauds do not happen, hence keeping the users safe from malicious attacks. To deal with this issue, we have come up with two features, first, an avatar facial tracking based and second, a chat based. By using NLP and Deep Learning, we were able to 73.77% uniquely identity a person in a WhatsApp chat group with other people. For the facial recognition-based security feature, we have just laid out our theoretical approach. In future, we’re planning to make use of other features as well such as speech pattern recognition, body positioning retrieval, retinal movement tracking, etc. for allowing only authorized users to enter and interact in the metaverse.

About a quarter of a century ago, humanity crossed the millennium mark. Everyone was looking forward to drastic changes. And these changes did not take long; they are already walking across our planet. However, it turned out that it is not all that simple.
First, the changes are related to technology. The scientific discoveries of the previous century served as a theoretical basis for technological advances. A list of the most recent modern discoveries that provide a technological breakthrough for today: space exploration, the creation of computer machines, and the development of global networks. This is far from a complete list [1].

In this paper, a thermohydraulic characterisation of a reciprocating room temperature active magnetic regenerator, with gadolinium particles used as a magnetocaloric material and water used as a heat transfer fluid, was numerically carried out. A two-dimensional transient flow model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics software in order to determine the water flow distribution in two active magnetic regenerators of cross and parallel gadolinium particles distributions for different water inlet velocities of 0.06, 0.08, 0.1 and 0.12 m.s⁻¹. The gadolinium particles have a radius of 1.5 mm and a distance from one another of 0.9 mm. Based on the simulations results of this model, a second two-dimensional transient coupled flow and heat transfer model was then developed using the same software in order to characterise the convective heat transfer in the active magnetic regenerator of cross gadolinium particles distribution for the same water inlet velocities.

In this paper, the moisture loss mechanism in biological tissue of apples was experimentally investigated in order to understand this mechanism and hence to extend their shelf life. An image conversion procedure, based on the use of image processing and AlgoLab Photo Vector softwares, was developed in order to characterise physically the internal porous structure of apples from the core to the skin. Several geometrical and physical parameters of the restructured porous media (porosity, fractal dimension, tortuosity, capillary pressure, permeability) were determined, and a comparison between their trends was carried out and analysed. Besides, a moisture loss model was established and discussed.

What we want to summarize here is a low permeability oil and gas field. After 50years of polishing, those revolutionary technologies branded with low permeability marks. In terms of its contribution, it is such a technical sequence from one row to six: first, oil and gas exploration technology that infinitely approximates the migration and accumulation law of Ordos hydrocarbon sources; The second is the brand-name, customized and service-oriented drilling fluid completion hydraulic fracturing technology; Third, natural fractures are not developed, and artificially created fracturing technology for low permeability oil and gas reservoirs; Fourth, the advanced water injection and pressure boosting development technology of ultra-low permeability oil fields, which is deficient in nature and then compensated by nature; Fifth, the large-scale cluster well technology that low-permeability oil and gas fields must be developed at low cost; The sixth is the horizontal well technology that allows the longest possible well section to lie flat in the oil and gas reservoir. It is these technologies that have exerted their effects on the low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs, resulting in many changes in the low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs in line with people’s wishes. It is these gratifying changes that converge into a continuous flow of oil and gas in Changqing Oilfield.

Why did this voice come so late for the sound of Kei Mitsui?’ There are some objective reasons for this. On the one hand, the 1858 drilling team that undertook the drilling of the Qingsan well and most of its parties were almost 40 years old from the Changqing Oilfield by the reorganization Years, so the people who know the glorious history of Keimitsui are only a very small minority within the scope of the Changqing Oilfield; On the other hand, the important person who came to Qingsanjing to witness the great achievements of Qingsanjing belonged to the old Red Army veteran revolutionary Wang Xing, who left the oil system after serving as the director of the Military Control Commission of the Ministry of Petroleum for a short time, although this person was a great hero with legendary experience and major contributions, when he was no longer in an important position in the petroleum system, who cared about the fact that he had made a trip from Beijing to the small place of Zhaogoumen in Huachi County, Gansu Province, for an oil well! Of course, Lao Geming quietly came and left quietly, unwilling to add a simple style of reception affairs to the local government, so that his trip to Huachi failed to leave a historical record in the local area, which was also a reason why Qingsanjing’s meritorious name did not jump up at that time. Then, in 1989, the publication of the Changqing Oilfield Chronicle, The Well was mistakenly identified as a well of discovery, and the superposition effect of the historical phenomenon made the name of The Famous Well covered in layer after layer of smoke and dust. Without the eternal perseverance of sitting on the bench for ten years cold and not writing half a sentence in an article, it is very difficult to sort out a relatively clear and clear context for the historical status and significance of the merits of The Founding Father of Kei Mitsui. Penetrating the time and space distance of half a century, it is a major issue to sort out the historical status and significance of Kei Mitsui’s meritorious service. It is necessary to comb through the memories of the parties concerned, to sort them out in reliable historical documents, and to comb through the small place of Zhaogou Gate in Huachi County, the birthplace of Qingsanjing. Who would have thought that this sorting process would take a full twelve years of precious time. What can be comforted is that this mission has finally been completed now.

With the deepening of exploration and development, the natural gas development in Sichuan Basin has entered the stage of tight gas exploitation. There are significant differences between tight gas and conventional natural gas resources, which are embodied in more complex pore structure and lithology. These differences make it difficult to predict the “dessert” development area of tight rocks. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pore structure characteristics, petrophysical characteristics and formation fluid of tight sandstones. In this paper, through CT scanning and thin section identification, the characteristics of rock micro pore structure in Qiulin area are found, and the petrophysical characteristics of tight rock reservoirs are found through P-S wave experiments. The research shows that the pores of Shaximiao Formation in Qiulin area are large, with pore diameter distribution of 0.05~0.5mm and the pores are relatively developed, with an average porosity of more than 10%. The study of rock physical properties shows that dense rock Poisson is higher than conventional carbonate rock and shale, and has the characteristics of low acoustic wave velocity and low Young’s modulus.

This article adopts a method of measuring the hysteresis loop of oriented silicon steel sheet under the excitation of pulse width modulation (PWM) signal. A measurement platform was built on the basis of the traditional Epstein frame method. According to international standards, the length of the equivalent magnetic circuit of the Epstein frame was calculated, and the harmonic control method was used to achieve the measurement of the hysteresis loop of the oriented silicon steel sheet under PWM excitation. Starting from the traditional sinusoidal excitation, this paper measures the variation of the hysteresis loop of the silicon steel sheet under different frequency excitation. On this basis, the waveform control and PWM signal output programming were carried out through the host computer, and the influence of high-order harmonics of different frequencies on the magnetic properties of the oriented silicon steel sheet under PWM excitation was compared. Provide theoretical basis for the design and research of transformer laminated core.

     For the further implementation of Jinping Xi’s speech spirit, on the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee. China will accurately grasp the characteristics of the Times in the new stage of development while facing “The overall strategy of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the great changes unseen in the world in a century”. China will unswervingly implement the new development concept of “innovation, coordination, green, open and sharing”. China will also speed up the construction of domestic and international dual cycle to promote the new development pattern of each other.
     In particular, we investigated and implemented the target goals and tasks of carbon peak and carbon neutrality set out in the 14th Five-Year Plan. According to the survey, with a population of 1.4 billion and a middle class of 560 million, in 2020,China had 280 million cars and 4.92 million new energy vehicles. In 2021, China had 302 million cars and 7.84 million new energy vehicles. China’s oil industry is 65 percent dependent on foreign investment, and gas-powered vehicles account for one-third of its oil consumption. Among them, Beijing has a permanent population of 21.886 million. In 2021, there were 6.143 million civil vehicles, an increase of 140,000, and 507,000 new energy vehicles, an increase of 107,000.
     According to the 2021 China Urban Transport Report, Beijing’s rush-hour commuter congestion index was 2.04. Beijing’s urban traffic congestion has been normalized. The environmental protection pressure of energy conservation and emission reduction is rather huge for Beijing. Energy consumption, pollution, traffic efficiency, travel safety and other problems are forcing the whole auto industry of Beijing to upgrade. Aiming at these problems, this paper puts forward four suggestions.

The basic needs for the human being to survive are food, clothes and shelter. In addition to these the regime has been broadening as per the demand. There are many desired products which are being manufactured using different processes. One of the essential processing unit is environment itself, where many processes are observed simultaneously. The earth is filled with lots of wonderful resources which are mostly used to support the human ecosystem. However with increase in the global population, the available resources seems to be limited. The conventional processes are utilized to produce the goods and products with monotonous production approach. There are many unsolved issues which might have increased the capacity along with the efficiency of the system. Due to increase in demand of desired products, production houses are running continuously without proper maintenance which hazards to the environment. The major concern is to maintain the demand and supply ratio, irrespective of the production domain. Inline to this, the present article is trying to focus on the hazard mitigation. The development of any process has to pass through several steps. It starts with identification of the resources to obtain the desired product. In addition to this there are several catalysts needs to be considered, for altering the desired or undesired situations.

It is now possible to minimise the size and power requirements of electronics devices in the fields of wireless sensors and implantable medical devices (IMDs) thanks to the significant improvement in microelectronic VLSI technology. These IMDs, such as cardioverter defibrillators, cardiac pacemakers, artificial retinas, brain, and bone stimulators, sensors, and cochlear implants, among others, can be placed in human bodies for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The various implantable devices can be used as diagnostic tools to track blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature for a variety of medical conditions, and they can also help with the management of diseases like diabetes (e.g., stimulation of brain and muscles). The pacemaker helps treat irregular heartbeats brought on by sick sinus syndrome or a blocked heart.

India is a country with a very deep and significant history and a grand heritage. Its culture and traditions are very unique, varied and celebrated the world over. Each and every district in the country has its own set of heritage structures, traditions and cultural practices. One of the important facets of our heritage is the palm-leaf manuscripts. Our country is home to more than five million palmleaf manuscripts – the largest collection in the world. The manuscripts cover a variety of subjects - from music, to yoga, languages, art, architecture etc. Their fragile nature makes palm-leaf manuscripts susceptible to damage. It is the duty of our society to safeguard its
culture and heritage and pass it on to the next generation. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) provides us with an array of solutions for data collection, processing and presentation. The use of ICT in the preservation and dissemination of our Culture and Heritage is an area with high potential, and is to be explored in depth, in a domain-specific manner.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), sometimes known as drones, have the highest potential for usage in a variety of applications in the near future. As drone technology advances, these devices will also get more affordable, sophisticated, and useful. An aircraft without a human pilot, flight crew, or passengers is called an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), also referred to as a drone. UAVs were initially created in the 20th century for use in military operations. As control technologies became more affordable and effective, their employment in several non-military applications increased. Devices like transmitters, receivers, and sensors make it possible to control things. It is capable of carrying a lot of weight and flying at vast altitudes. A drone can be used for a variety of tasks, including aerial photography, surveillance, spraying water and pesticides on crops, inspecting fields for water connection leaks, and more.

Student’s experiences on the use of online collaborative technology continues to attract attention of researchers in education and social sciences. Of particular interest is the reliance on technological and digital platforms, using web-based strategies during the outbreak of COVID-19 in institutions of learning. This study used an unlinked, anonymous survey to explicate experiences of students on the use of online technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. Consenting participants constituted a study population that was made up of first year accounting students in a public university in South Africa, drawing a sample of 190 from a population of 371. Using a theory of connectivism, the study found that students were eager and confident that collaborative technology could lead them to pass their examinations even if face-to-face intervention was missing. Collaborative technology consisting of tools such as WhatsApp, Blackboard and Zoom made it easy for them to relate with instructors and faculty who were making efforts to deliver content in a simplified manner. The study further concluded that efforts have to be made to study the benefits of collaborative technology both to learners and faculty at institutions of higher learning. 

Knowledge can be transmitted, facilitated, developed, and produced in a variety of ways through education. As a matter of fact, universities, in particular, are defined in terms of knowledge generation. We shouldn’t be surprised, then, that discussions about decolonizing (Western) education have expanded to encompass provincial zing (Western) epistemology, given the close ties between education and educational institutions and epistemology. This presents a danger as epistemological pathways inform thinking partners and behavioural dynamics of societies. Deconstructive debate that seeks to discuss educational decoloniality from the Global South cannot articulate that with exclusion of southern epistemological position towards reality with the lens of its inhabitants. This is what confronts the post-doctoral scholar of the Global Centre for Academic Research and South Valley University, as independent entities within the Global South. This narrative reflection provides a baseline for a cogent discourse in favour of deconstruction of southern epistemological trajectory in education and social perspectives.

This paper discusses how design games play a role in design anthropology research and serve the operation method of image behavior. By defining the design game in design anthropology, we can solve the following two problems: firstly, pay attention to how to promote group cooperation and help design researchers understand the relationship between image, space and behavior; secondly, this study helps researchers understand the vague role and cultural cognition of stakeholders in participatory design. In addition, this study designs a set of design game cards, through the extraction, collage, and reorganization of film images, and further changes the observation perspective, once again expanding the game to the field of the art design and design anthropology. The ultimate goal of the research is to explore the research methods in the design process and the training of reconstruction logical thinking. In future work, the design education can use game cards as the carrier to reconstruct the cultural cognitive language.

Our simulation is based first, on a qualitative approach for the classification of flows and traffic, and next on an experimental approach for the management of data volume on the other hand. The adopted approaches allowed us to get an idea on a NBWM (Naive Bayes Weighted Multi-class) classifier capable to output differentiated service classes in MPLS (Multiple Protocol Label Switching) networks. The classifiers we compared to our benchmark model were thoroughly processed. The accuracy rate of the proposed NBWM (Naïve Bayes Weighted Multiclass) classifier is about 68.75%, which puts it ahead of the other models encountered.

Engineering geology (Ukrainian: Engineering Geology; German: Ingenieurgeologie; French: Geologie technique, geotechnique; Italian: Geotecnica) is included in the complex of geological sciences. According to the “Mountain Encyclopedia”, this is a science about the structure, properties and dynamics of the geological environment, its rational use and protection during engineering and economic activities. The main tasks of engineering geology: study of the current state and patterns of formation of engineering and geological conditions, predicting their changes in the process of construction and economic activity; engineering and geological substantiation of protective measures ensuring the rational development of the territory, mineral resources and environmental protection.

As the number of people affected by dementia increases, there is a need for diagnosing potential symptoms of early dementia, and questionnaires such as the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) are widely used for early dementia detection. To build a more effective questionnaire, we propose ReSmart-15, a dementia detection questionnaire that includes daily behavior-based questions in five categories (i.e., attention, spatial ability, spatiotemporal ability, memory, and thinking ability). To evaluate the effectiveness of each question in detecting early dementia, information gain can be used to rank their contributions. However, the current information gain-based method requires hard classification results such as whether the patient had been diagnosed with early dementia or not. In this paper, we propose a “soft information gain” based ranking system where each patient is diagnosed with an early dementia probability (from 0 to 1), not with a hard decision of early dementia (0 or 1). We conducted an experiment to test the effectiveness of ReSmart-15 compared to MMSE and found that the top 2 questions were from ReSmart-15, and 60 percent of the ReSmart-15 questions were in the top 10. 

This paper aims to study and simulate the control of a wind turbine based on a double star asynchronous generator (GASDS); to control the energy production of this conversion chain the mechanical power generated should be optimised. Ensuring maximum power capture with the MPPT strategy (Maximum Power Point Tracking) for different wind speeds. For this purpose a control by fuzzy logic FLC associated with the orientation of the rotor flux FOC of the GASDS has been particularly described in order to improve system performance and better trajectory tracking in the case of the variant wind speed systems.

     There is a fast-growing precognition of team building that is sharpened by the technological capacity development of human resources in a technologically advancing world. As most organizations in the business world constantly evolve and strive to achieve competitive advantage in the market space, the relevance and role of team building becomes more fundamental and demanding. Teamwork elevates the trajectory and visionary inclination of organizations regardless of their sizes, successes and market dominance.
     This study will examine, analyze and discuss team building in the view of its stages of development: Forming Stage, Storming Stage, Norming Stage, and the Performing Stage. It would lay out the strategic impact each stage has on the other. It would analyze; the adjourning team roles-Belbin, team roles, action-oriented role, shaper, implementer, completer, coordinator, worker, resource investigator, and the laws of teamwork. More often than not, most workers aspire to excel professionally in their chosen field of career. For some it is a personal goal and aim to achieve career excellence while striving and aspiring to reach higher heights of acclaimed privilege in the society and in their country at large. All of these intentions, aspirations and visions are personalized and individualistic until it meets a broader shared vision offered by the organization through team building, team collaboration and team role.
     While team building requires the utilization of motivation, enthusiasm and a common sense of shared vision, ethical consciousness and moral responsibilities as means towards achieving a solidified and united team is also recognized. This identifies the presence of individuality and how that could be a hindrance, limitation and threat to the process of building and developing a team. Team building is a structured and functional system in an organization that aids the establishments of a definite purpose, creates organizational culture, and institutionalizes the visionary outlook and organizational advancement. Team building is the process of enhancing, developing and enriching the knowledge base of each team player in a workforce in order for each worker to be more effective in accomplishing the tasks and assigned duty to an acceptable degree of satisfaction that is needed for the organization.

Corporate Social Responsibility also known as corporate engagement with society is now a general expression in today’s present-day world and fundamentally it is fast-becoming a recognized methodological approach for organizations. Organizations illustrate, contribute and establish their incorporated customs through duties that reflect their common sense of share consciousness and ethics. The foundational elements of the Corporate Social Responsibilities of an organization reveals a clearer, deeper and acceptance of the organization’s operational culture of sustainability. The organization’s principles of transparency, its level of accountability all of these and more lays the structure that justifies an organization’s Corporate Behavior.

The organizational restructuring and institutionalization of Change Management is a fluid and elusive process that functions through a broad, holistic and yet a very conscious approach to implement, execute and create top-level excellent tasks, responsibilities, and duties with competency, organizational integrity, trust and professionalism in line as goals to achieve. As the top priority of company’s envisioned goals, visionary accomplishments and professionalism comes change management as the corrective tool and measures that can insure the improvement and advancement of organizational effectiveness. This seminar paper will aim at defining change management; it would create a discussion on the various views, and assertions of change management. The relevance of change management to the external and internal structures of organizations ensures, guarantees the heights and levels of development and advancement an organization can accomplish. In a competitive global market space were change is unavoidably constant, the understanding and studying of change management becomes the greatest means.

India has the largest number of engineering graduates passing out every year when compared to the USA. But does our Engineering profession get recognized in the eyes of law? The answer is NO when compared to our Medical Professionals or Chartered Accountants or Architects. There is the Medical Council of India [1956] to regulate Doctors, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India [1949] to regulate Chartered Accountants, and the Council of Architecture [1972] to regulate Architects, and all of these professional bodies are protected by statutes or by an act of parliament. In most countries, e.g., Australia, Japan, Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Singapore, Tanzania, USA, UK, etc., professions such as Engineers are invariably governed by an act or law of the Government.

With the automotive industry’s continuous development of electrification, connectivity, intelligentization, sharing, automotive cyber security issues are becoming increasingly serious. How to effectively guarantee the cyber security of automotive products has become one of the urgent problems to be solved in the whole automotive industry. According to current situation of the industry, this paper argues that strengthening the cyber security management is very important, and according to the domestic and foreign automotive cyber security related laws, regulations and standards’ requirements, proposes the construction route, evaluation and optimization focus of automotive cyber security management system based on the risk management of the whole automotive product life cycle, which provides reference for enterprises to ensure the cyber security of automotive products.

The Yellow River Basin is an important energy production base, heavy industry base, and grain production area in China. Meanwhile, the ecological environment in this area is also very fragile. The success of carbon emission control in this region is related to whether China can complete its vision of carbon peak and carbon neutralization on time. Taking carbon emissions as the non-ideal output of the economy into the nonparametric DEA Malmquist index model, this paper measures the green Malmquist index of 9 provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 2014 to 2020 and analyzes the impact of the green Malmquist index, green technology efficiency and green technology progress rate on the regional economic growth gap and its time evolution trend. The results show that the green total factor productivity of the region shows a fluctuating upward trend from 2014 to 2020, but the direction of efficiency progress is negative. Therefore, the Yellow River Basin needs to reform the management system of high energy-consuming industries and strengthen environmental supervision in the future. In addition, the changes in green total factor productivity in various provinces show high heterogeneity, which poses new challenges to the formulation of emission reduction policies.

Municipal Solid Waste is a heterogeneous mixture of various materials such as food, glass, soil, ash, plastic, etc. Since there are no generally accepted sampling and testing procedures for waste materials, principles of soil mechanics. A good understanding of the properties of unsaturated Municipal solid waste is required for the design of the underground pipelines. Settlement prediction is an important issue to guarantee any post-closure structures on landfills. The present study is an attempt to determine the consolidation characteristics of saturated and unsaturated MSW from the Pirana landfill site, Ahmedabad (India) using a large size Consolidometer having an aspect ratio of 1:0.635. At present five tests were conducted on saturated municipal solid waste for 100% saturation and five on unsaturated MSW keeping a degree of saturation=50% at different water contents. The tests were carried out at the pressure of 20kpa, 40kpa, 80kpa, 160kpa, and 320kpa respectively. The consolidation settlement resulted in both types of waste being compared. It was concluded that the saturated MSW compacted on the dry side of the optimum has less settlement compared to the MSW compacted on the wet side of the optimum while the time taken for the unsaturated MSW was slightly higher as compared to that of the saturated MSW.Q

With the advent of additive manufacturing, various processes have been developed over the years. A prominent example is bioprinting. The technology involves the use of biocompatible materials and living cells to construct functional structures and constructs that mimic the properties of human body tissues [1]. It is estimated that 20 people die every day due to a lack of organ transplantation in the United States alone [2]. With the development of new diseases and an increasing population, this number is expected to increase over time. It is possible for bioprinting to provide a solution for this issue, but it will need many modifications and development to result in a living organ with multiple cell types and materials [3].

To accurately calculate the global average temperature has proven to be an arduous task since the 19th century, the major reasons are maintaining accurate records of the same locations over a lengthy period which has strained the meteorologists, especially in places located remotely, like mountains or deserts. This is the reason meteorologists use global averages which generally span over 3 decades to give perspective and context to information.
We decided to use the Linear Regression Model to achieve this task at hand. Linear regression is an algorithm which is used for determining the relationship between an dependent variable and some independent variables which are also known as scalar response explanatory variables respectively. The relationship between dependent and independent variables are calculated using predictor functions which are linear in nature whose parameters which are not known are found out through the means of the data provided. Hence, it is paramount that we give our model a clean and digestible data so that it learns well and predicts accurately. It’s equally important that we maintain the dimensions of the data and be careful that it is not too high or not too low, it should be just right. We also employed the Pearson’s Correlation method for Feature Selection. After which we also tuned the hyperparameters among other things to gain the most suitable parameters for the model. Finally, we compared our results from normal model generation to hyperparameter tuned model.

Current trends in engineering and technology have made a great impact in automation on a day-to-day basis in almost every field. The advantages of automation are manifold -reducing human interventions, increase in productivity, reducing human errors, and to enhance their capability to work; especially in hazardous and danger zone areas. Human labor-intensive tasks/repetitive tasks where human fatigue and error is a usual phenomenon are usually good candidates for automation. Can automation succeed in tasks which need human expertise and intelligence? Its limitations does not allow it to automate every task. Automation is a straightforward algorithm which takes input data and produces output according to the algorithm. When intelligence and cognitive capabilities have to be embedded in a machine to mimic the way human would execute the task, automation becomes conceptually closer to Artificial Intelligence (AI). 

LTE-V2X is becoming the most technology for automatic pilot. But the interference affects the capacity of V2X when the traffic is busy. This article presents the soling V2X blocking algorithm to void the problem happening. It is time division method. Node B acts as a master to assign the slot and symbol to all of OBUs under the area. If out of range of LTE network, the OBUs votes one OBU as Node B to allocate the slot and symbol to them, all OBUs Synchronization with the OBU, then time division can work.

During the life cycle of people, some lose functional autonomy and a capability, which leads to dependency, with little or no mobility, due to physical or psychological factors, and not having sphincter control, some are exposed to frequent use of urine collectors such as diapers or bladder catheter for urination control, which cause inflammation and erosion of the skin by prolonged contact with urine. This work shows the implementation of a prototype diaper designed with reusable fabrics and an integrated device for automated drainage, combining Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools and electronic components that together achieve a device capable of directing and / or route the urine collected from each urination, to a urine collection bag, its self-control allows minimizing the time of exposure to moisture and avoid over hydration of the skin, which causes severe skin lesions. The purpose of making this project known is for educational and motivational purposes for the areas of knowledge where technologies are applied for the benefit of society.

A chatbot mimics human interaction through voice or text interactions. Chatbots are used by businesses to interact with consumers in addition to the traditional client care channels like via phones, mails or social media. The most basic type of chatbot system handles jobs by interpreting user input and then searching its directory for content related to particular words or phrases. In a nutshell, it works as a keyword-based content retrieval system. Watson Studio provides a collaborative environment and resources to work on data in order to solve business challenges. Users may select tools for analyzing and displaying their data, cleaning and shaping it and using it for constructing and training machine learning models. Watson Assistant is a business-oriented AI chatbot. This enterprise AI technology can be used to create conversational AI applications. Since, loan application process can be extremely cumbersome, so we have developed a chatbot using IBM Watson that could help in easing this process. The chatbot has been integrated with WhatsApp using Twilio. By answering a series of standard questions related one’s application, one can see the risk percentage involved in taking the loan. This has been enabled using Machine Learning models.

According to a research the number of social businesses is estimated to exceed 20000 globally. “34% are in operation for between 2-5 years and constitute 2-3% of GDP-2010” [2-4]. In fact, modern social business is a recent phenomenon increasingly receiving worldwide attention especially when income inequality is expanding exponentially parallel to the growth of dollar millionaires both in the developing and developed societies. This paper demonstrates how social business can vary in form, distinct both in principles and practices but unique in substance. In other words, how they operate to impact economic life of men and women especially in poverty reduction and economic growth of a nation such as Bangladesh.
 

There are many random wells in the city of Al-Lith, especially in the east of the city of Al-Lith in (the study area). There are no desalination companies in the area, and there are no data showing that the wells are potable & non-potable, and there is no information about the groundwater level in the area. In the beginning, the locations of the targeted wells were determined to conduct the study on, and then the samples were collected from the 20 identified sites in the east of the city of Al-Lith, from 20 wells, and the depth of each well was also determined. According to the results, the aim is to give idea for the water wells whether potable or non-potable.

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a direct interface or communication path between human brain and computers. In BCI technology, it is possible for machines to interact immediately with the cognitive state of human brain, measure its activity signals using electrical electrodes in most cases, and interpret these signals for controlling external devices [1].

Globalisation is making the threats we face more intertwined. In addition to the COVID-19 outbreak crossing international borders, South Africa is experiencing devastating floods. Despite its diversity, it has affected everyone, regardless of nationality, education level, income level, and gender. Despite this, the repercussions have disproportionately impacted the most disadvantaged. Education is no different. With the help of parents coupled with the desire to learn, students from wealthy homes may be able to make their way past restricted higher education institutes to other learning prospects. When institutions shifted fully online, those from low-income families were disadvantaged. These disasters have brought several shortcomings and inequities in our educational institutions, ranging from a scarcity of access to the internet, connectivity issues, and computers required for online learning to the absence of supportive surroundings needed to engage with learning to a mismatch of resources and necessities.

Biodiesel is relatively higher corrosive compare to Diesel. Biodiesel is self-oxidation in nature. The current investigations are to determine the tribological and corrosive behavior of biodiesel and their dual biodiesel emulsified fuel blend on CI engine vital parts (i.e., Piston, Valves, Cylinder liner, Cylinder head, Fuel pump, Bearings). The emulsified fuel was made from dual biodiesel (i.e., Neem and Palm) with Diesel and water. The tribological and corrosive effects were performed on metal surfaces of Copper, Aluminum, and Iron. These metals were selected based on the base composition of engine vita parts. A static immersion test was conducted for corrosion for 150 days at room temperature and for tribology, a pin-on-disc apparatus test was performed. These test also includes scanning electron microscopic, weight, dimension and physical visualization analysis of corroded and wornout metal surfaces. To identify the cause of the corrosion, wear on the metal surface, the Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry test has been conducted. This test will also help to determine the chemical composition of the test fuels. It has been observed that biodiesels have good anti-wear properties in comparison to Diesel and emulsified fuel. On the other hand, Diesel and emulsified fuel show good corrosive properties compare to biodiesels.

The ultimate goal of any brand is to get positive responses from customers both emotionally and behaviorally for its marketing activities. This study examined how gamified interactions on health and fitness applications impacted consumers’ purchase intentions and assessed the role of positive emotions and brand engagement in developing this relationship. Data were collected from users of health and fitness apps through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modelling technique. The findings suggest a strong indirect relationship between gamification and purchase intention. The study also found positive emotions and brand engagement to be significant sequential mediators of the gamification-purchase intention relationship.

Research in solar ponds have been on an increasing trend in recent times as an alternative for fast depleting non-renewable source of energy. Solar ponds are artificial saline water holding structures which are capable of retaining heat in the saline molecules. A suitable thermo electric generator is capable of extracting power from these ponds. A miniature solar pond has been taken up for experimentation and output power quality improvement has been achieved by reducing the total harmonic distortion using an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. Experimental results justify power quality improvement using the proposed learning based approach.

Inspired by the water-repellent and self-cleaning properties of the lotus leaf in the natural world, artificial superhydrophobic surfaces have generated extensive attention in academia and industry. Hydrophobicity and the sliding behavior of waterdrops is a very important phenomenon in our daily life as well as in many industrial processes. However, the difference between these two phenomena is not well understood. This study was performed to predict movement of waterdrop on surfaces of silicone sheet and was focused on interface resistive forces between waterdrop and surfaces. Various hydrophobic sheets having different the waterdrop contact ratio (the ratio of the contact area between the waterdrop and the sheet) were prepared. And the relationships between the sliding angles, the sliding velocities and the surface structure were investigated. Equation of motion is used to calculate the interface resistive forces from the sliding angle and the sliding velocities. As the result of calculation, interface resistive forces between waterdrop and the surfaces are equivalent to force of the gravity. The interface resistive forces decrease with decreasing the waterdrop contact ratio. Sliding velocities seems to affect interface resistive forces. This research clarifies that sliding velocity and interface resistive forces are related to positive correlation by the waterdrop contact ratio. The relationship may help prediction of movement of drops on surfaces.

To deploy the 5G mobile network, operators must install tens of thousands of new antennas. They are one of the major technological developments of 5G. For 5G, as for all other generations of mobile networks, antennas are an essential support. They are the ones that relay and transmit the signal. Without antennas, there are no waves, and therefore no 5G network. In order for the new 5G mobile network to work, operators must deploy tens of thousands of new antennas. Indeed, 5G antennas are totally different from 4G antennas. And, they contain some of the major technological innovations of 5G, which give the new mobile network its uniqueness. They are called Massive Mimo, beamforming, Small cells [1].

Microgrid (MG) is a new form of electrical power grid, combined from different Distribution Sources, MGcan work as a power source or power load in two different operation mode: grid-connected mode and stand-alone mode, one of the main challenges which can be faced in the stand-alone mode is achieving the power balance between the produced power by MG sources and consumed power by MG loads, Load Shedding (LS) is a strategy which can be used for accomplish that balance. This paper emphasis an Intelligent Load Shedding based Fuzzy Logic Control (ILSF), Due to the benefits of Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), it’s used for controlling the shedding process of different MG loads according to the Solar Power Forecasting Data. The proposed control system procedures are illustrated and simulated, the results demonstrate the robustness and flexibility of ILSF system.

This article proposes an improved extraction feature for lower limb knee abnormality prediction application using surface EMG raw data. Public UCI dataset is chosen for system evaluation, where each subject was informed to perform three different motions of walking, standing up, and sitting down. In feature extraction, EMG spectrograms are derived using Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT), power spectrum of range 10-250 Hz is chosen, then, the linear coefficients of EMG power spectrum for each frequency bin during time are extracted as a final feature of size 30x2. For system prediction, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with other two common machine learning classifiers were constructed. The proposed system experiments proves that EMG signals of Semitendinosus(ST) muscle with CNN classifier produces the highest accuracy of 95%.

There is an engineer in Changqing Oilfield, his name is Sun Jiajun. In February of this year, his paper titled “Applying Human-Machine-Environment System Engineering to Create a New World in Changqing Oilfield” was published by the Medicom Engineering Journal. This paper uses the perspective of a witness and applies the famous scientist Qian Xuesen. A theory founded by leading my country’s aerospace science and technology personnel - Human-Machine-Environmental System Engineering, provides a theory, data and a high degree of explanation for the fact that Changqing Oilfield has achieved leapfrog growth in oil and gas production over the past ten years; In March of this year, his other paper titled “Universality, Major Harm and Deep Causes of Irrational Engineering Duration” was published again by the Medicon Engineering Journal. A comprehensive commentary with a theoretical framework is given on historical achievements, huge progress and realistic gaps; for the irrational engineering construction period problem of the infrastructure maniac, its historical reasons are analyzed, its universality is pointed out, and the causes of the problem are analyzed. The hazard is quantitatively analyzed, and the underlying reasons for the existence of the problem and the path selection to promote its improvement are pointed out at the same time.

“Social engineering (SE) is the art of operating people into performing actions or divulging confidential information”. It is unique of the best creative and active means of achievement access to secure systems and gaining sensitive information up till now wants negligible technical knowledge. SE does not certainly need a big amount of official information in instruction to be successful. SE depends on person’s psychology such as interest, courteousness, unwariness, greed, inattentiveness, wariness, and indifference. This paper shows the state of the art attacking methods especially SE and its countermeasures that will help the user be more secure and aware of these attacks.

This my second research letter in continuation of first one based on NFI. And here further I am expanding it with Application “Bumanoid”. Let me first recall you again “Natural Farmed Intelligence (NFI)” than after approach how to Bumanoid possible using NFI. As using material physics and electronics we mimic and engineer A.I from N.I with the help of neuroscience equally true and possible using Biology, Synthetic Biology and Neuroscience we mimic and engineer N.I itself to form External N.I that is similar like our human brain with N.I inside our skull can we able to farm same biological brain outside the human body using “Brain Cells” and the answer is Big “Yes”. Even researchers in “Petri Dish” also known as Petri Plate/Cell-culture Dish widely used in all walks of biological experiments to store, manipulate, engineer and performance check of cells, hence Brain cells manipulated and engineered in Petri Dish to form Human Brain like Natural Intelligence (N.I). This farmed neural schema in Petri Dish is N.I which is the great contribution to mankind and reported this little brain cells in Petri dish programmed and learn to them few games and results astonish its play the game 10 times faster than Artificial Intelligence. Hence today humankind just engineered and stored single “Neural Schema” network of brain cells and learn them to play chess which beat to A.I as one small unit in Petri Dish will be tomorrow hopes to farm complete human brain (N.I) outside using synthetic biology and I named the technology “Natural Farmed Intelligence (NFI)”. When mankind got success to farm NFI means got success to fabricate “External Biological/Natural Human Brain outside the skull and human body with full fledge and exact same abilities, efficiencies, capabilities and activities like our brain inside the body in near future and we just need either Biological or Electronic-Mechanical Human-like to fix this NFI-Brain inside and wired it with body I named the outcome Bumanoid”. After the success of NFI-Brain two types of its implementation possible to serve as “Bumanoid (Biologically-Humanoid)”. The first one for this externally farmed natural intelligence NFI-Brain we engineer and farm Biological organs, human body parts and complete human body structure using “Human Anatomy, DNA studies and Synthetic Biology and synch NFI Brain inside with it to activate and functional body as “Bumanoid”. This type of Bumanoid exactly look like human beings and difficult to recognize. The second one is using Artificial Intelligence (AI) we are reaching to success in Humanoid Robots here we can reengineer Humanoid instead of AI based brain and replacement , synch and wired NFI-Brain inside in Humanoid Robots called them Bumanoid which are easily recognize and distinguish from Human.

Today’s near future and far future all technologies centrally based on “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE” (Man Made) and becoming more and more precise and accurate everyday as compare to human “NATURAL INTELLIGENCE” (God Made) though human invented, engineered and implement A.I as its pioneer. In every field A.I (Man Made) beat to N.I (God Made) as we realized and surrounded with minor to minor and major to major A.I based Computing, Communication, Mobiles, Internet, Internet of Everything with smart A.I Processed and controlled devices having RFIDs in Ubiquitous communication network, space science, medical robotics, industrial robotics, electronic automation, smart appliances and Humanoid robotics. One day might be condition would be A.I programme itself according its need of execution and ruled on N.I that means on Human Civilization also called “Robotics Violence”. More and more miniaturized A.I chip perform thousand times greater operations/tasks/processes from it’s previous due to the Nanotechnology and advanced Electronics. Hence A.I is good but equally bad for mankind and even till date we are on just trial basis to implement human-like “Robotics Emotions” in A.I, Bionic Brain and Humanoid. Therefore today I am diverting my readers from A.I to towards “Synthetic Biology”, “Human Biology” and “Neuroscience”. We much familiar with Biology and Neuroscience but let me explain in brief about synthetic biology or SynBio is “a multidisciplinary domains of research integrated/cascade with atoms/cells manipulation to form/farm/ fabricate new biological devices, systems and parts or to reengineer and make more effective systems, parts those are already available in nature using biotechnology, genetic engineering, molecular biology, system biology, biophysics, membrane science, molecular engineering, chemical, biological, mechanical, computer and nanotechnology engineering’s”. Now what is my intention to discuss above here as likewise using material physics and electronics we mimic and engineer A.I from N.I with the help of neuroscience equally true and possible using Biology, Synthetic Biology and Neuroscience we mimic and engineer N.I itself to form External N.I that is similar like our human brain with N.I inside our skull can we able to farm same biological brain outside the human body using “Brain Cells” and the answer is Big “Yes”. Even researchers in “Petri Dish” also known as Petri Plate/Cell-culture Dish widely used in all walks of biological experiments to store, manipulate, engineer and performance check of cells , hence Brain cells manipulated and engineered in Petri Dish to form Human Brain like Natural Intelligence (N.I). This farmed neural schema in Petri Dish is N.I which is the great contribution to mankind and reported this little brain cells in Petri dish programmed and learn to them few games and results astonish its play the game 10 times faster than Artificial Intelligence. Hence today humankind just engineered and stored single “Neural Schema” network of brain cells and learn them to play chess which beat to A.I as one small unit in Petri Dish will be tomorrow hopes to farm complete human brain (N.I) outside using synthetic biology and I named the technology “Natural Farmed Intelligence (NFI)”.

This reflection arises from a look at the African landscape, the mountains and their ecosystems, the agriculture, the heritage, communities and identity. This is about the landscape, which integrates man and territory, and its multifunctionality that includes the production system (agriculture), protection (ecosystems, flows and ecological processes) and the cultural system (communities and the way they build space). This set constitutes a complex and relational system resulting in the identity of a region and the communities that inhabit it.
The excessive exploitation of natural resources and the tendency towards the growth of an economy based on tourism, causes the transformation of the landscape to occur in the sense of losing its character, its culture and, consequently, its identity. 
The objective of this work is to identify invariants of this landscape, which can be considered in future proposals for planning and management plans for this area, in order to preserve the Gurué landscape and its identity. 
Through an analysis of the existing cartography and bibliography, the natural systems, their flows and processes and thecultural and heritage elements of this area were first identified and characterized. Based on this diagnostic phase, invariant elements (either natural or cultural) that determine the culture and identity of this landscape and must therefore be safeguarded and maintained, were identified. The guidelines appear later, in this sense - the preservation of fundamental values in the culture and identity of Namúli Mount and the landscape of Gurué, where it is inserted.

In today’s online learning environment, plagiarism detection tools are increasingly used by teachers and instructors to restrain students from plagiarism. Moreover, need for plagiarism detection tools to detect plagiarism in programming assignments has also increased manifolds. In this paper, we present the application of Neo4j Graph Databases to detect similarity between Java program submissions by students, in academics. This is done by converting a Java program into a specialized dependency graph and then implementing various comparison techniques on this graph. The two graph comparison techniques proposed and implemented in this paper are based on structural comparison of graphs by node-type count comparison and elemental comparison of method nodes in graphs by body-element-count comparison. The results of these two techniques are combined with the call graph-based technique, proposed in an earlier work, to calculate overall similarity index between program codes. This study captures a large category of changes that may be introduced to the code for plagiarism. 

Recently, object detection has become one of the effective and popular trends in computer vision to deal with numerous applications such as in medical image processing of breast cancer, skin cancer, brain injuries, blood cells, and more. Also, it is used in video surveillance stations for real-time monitoring of crowd and anomaly detection. The application is widely used in satellite images and astronomy, fraud detection, and in the field of remote sensing to detect disaster-prone areas from satellite images so that important measures can be taken at the correct time to overcome or reduce the loss of life and property. For example, in medical applications earlier diagnosis procedures usually tend to figure out early diabetes, cancer and a few more diseases. Despite many existing object detection methods in state-of-the-art literature, it is getting harder to identify the best fit model for the specific application or dataset. Therefore, it is highly important and much needed to bring all the existing techniques to a single platform and mention their advantages and limitations. In this paper, a thorough literature review and comparison of various existing deep learning-based object detection methods are presented using three different parameters named mean average precision, frames per second, and data set used. Such information is useful for researchers and practitioners to identify the better approaches among the others easily according to the dataset in hand.

In the central area of the Bohai Oilfield including Bozhong block, the geological structure is complex, faults and fractures are extensively developed and the formation is broken. As consequence, there is leakage to some extent in most exploratory wells in Bozhong Block, significantly affecting the drilling efficiency and increasing drilling risks. The problem of well leakage in this block needs to be addressed urgently. For this purpose, the research group firstly researches into the wellbore leakage mechanism, and then establishes a regional leakage pressure prediction model by depiction of the main controlling factors of leakage and preliminarily obtains the following findings: (1) the leakage in Bozhong Block mainly occurs at the depth of 2700-3400m, with Member 2 and Member 3 of Shahejie Formation as the main leakage zones and the fractures and faults as the main leakage passages; (2) the fracture index that can most clearly reflect the well leakage characteristics in Bozhong Block is the fracture evaluation index obtained using the resistivity ratio method, and may be considered as a main controlling factor for evaluation of fractured leakage; (3) according to the statistics on leakage of 22 wells in Bozhong Block, there are nine wells with leakage, totaling 13 leakage points. Based on the statistics and modeling, a leakage pressure prediction model for this block is obtained preliminarily. The research on the leakage mechanism and leakage pressure prediction of fractured formation in Bozhong Block is helpful for reasonable optimization of borehole trajectory, improvement of leakage control of fractured reservoirs, reduction of drilling cost and raising of operation efficiency.

The load varies with the thickness of the pavement, so there are different layers in pavement structures, between which interlayer interfaces contacting with each other inevitably in different modes. In this paper, based on investigation and analysis, the interlayer contact modes of pavement structures are classified as “interlayer coupling” and “interlayer connection”, which are defined according to their mechanical properties. Based on the existing ordinary cement concrete pavement, this paper analyzes the formation, development and evolution of interlayer coupling, and finds that the failure of interlayer coupling is the cause of early pavement damage. Cement pavement structure with isolating course is proposed as a method and countermeasure to eliminate these hazards, the feasibility of which is verified theoretically. Conditions and approaches achieving interlayer connection in pavement structures are proposed as well. Application of interlayer connection is introduced using a novel type of polymer skeleton porous concrete pavement structure as an example. 

Just 8 years in hand. By 2030, the development in India & the world will be accompanied by a shift in the underlying demographics. There will be vast changes which include increasing urbanization trends, peaking of the population in the working-age group, and a large shift towards the services sector employment. It’s high time we focus on the value of the following potential opportunities otherwise we may again miss the bus.

Rome was not built in a day, the Long March was not completed in one step, and the project period has its own objective laws. Respecting the objective law of the project duration, consciously using this law to serve the project, and acknowledging that the project duration is incompressible under the premise of various constraints are the theoretical qualities that every project manager should have. It is an extremely wrong concept to regard the project duration as a “sponge that is still empty at will be squeezed”, and the irrational construction period under the guidance of this concept is a universal problem in project management.
Keywords: engineering duration irrational

Experimental study conducted during joining butt weld in FSW process on Al 6061 alloy of size 50 mm width X 100 mm length X 8 mm thickness of two plates wherein the effect of the interaction between the plates, tool and the vibration that occurs during the process are investigated, are reported. In this study, joining sides of the workpiece samples are artificially induced with air gaps of drilled holes in 2mm, 3mm, 5 mm diameter holes and 3mm width X 4 mm depth of slots in random distances. The vibration behaviour of the tool and workpiece joining system are characterized by a frequencies arrived in modal analysis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), each mode corresponds to tool and workpiece system. Variations in the amplitudes of vibration signals in the particular range of frequencies from 6.0 to 7.0 kHz are proportional to workpiece and significant changes in linear pattern indicate the defective and steady joining area of workpiece. So, this method is effective in monitoring of workpiece joining in FSW process. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of vibration signal shows the changes in individual frequencies and is used for identifying the frequency range of monitoring workpiece with gap and without gap conditions. The steady joining portions cause the vibration which corresponds to 4thregion frequencies of workpiece.

COVID-19 outburst has harmed not only the Indian economy’s economic and social activities, but also the global economy as a whole. Cushioning levels of shocks especially for financial downs remain to be restricted for MSMEs. The main reason is due to limited potential for raising and management of funds. This generates a significant impact on MSMEs. This paper seeks to evaluate MSMEs’ contribution towards the Indian economy along with analyzing the barriers and challenges that existed prior to and during the COVID period. Challenges were indeed in presence before COVID 19 also but during and post COVID 19, their intensity, severity and scope have changed a lot. In addition, a few more are also emerged newly. To analyze the overall effect and impact of these challenges, a range of descriptive statistics along with correlation and co-integration is used. Cointegration is used to analyze the relation among variables such the amount of MSMEs, investment amount, employment, etc. output. This pandemic has crashed into MSMEs like a tons of bricks. COVID 19 remains to be a huge uncertainty and with the understood scope of this uncertainty so far, government must establish a continuous monitoring mechanism and announce early corrective actions to restore confidence in the MSMEs sector. MSMEs should be encouraged to connect to the internet market and fiscal incentives for this sector should also be strengthened. The Indian government should take a variety of initiatives to improve SMEs in India and achieve the goal of making India self-sufficient.

Machine scheduling is concerned with the problem of optimally scheduling available machines. However, scheduling literature review has been focused on common assumptions that machines are available at all times. The availability constraint is may not frequency occurred because a machine may become unavailable during a certain periods of time. This paper is addressed to study the problem of job shop in dynamic environment with the risk of random machine breakdown. It is considered a NP Hard optimization problem. Predictive maintenance is an answer to prevent the system from risk of machine breakdown. The objective function is to minimize the completion time of the last job being executed. Hence, we propose a met heuristic approach based on GA approach to solve the issue. Experimentation results assume that the used approach based on maintenance function is required to produce, for each machine, the adequate scheduling plan.
Keywords: dynamic job shop scheduling problem; genetic algorithm; makespan; preventive maintenance; operating schedule; optimization problem

Materials manufacturing processes and systemic mechanical behavior investigations are necessary requirements for materials innovation and applications. Mechanical performance and cost-effectiveness are pivotal parts of the application and requirement-driven material design process. Therefore, the structure-property relationship addresses the material design and mechanical and chemical (i.e., corrosion) performance in various engineering applications.

Industrial revolution 5.0 is the buzzword nowadays. Although we haven’t really got the optimum from the industrial revolution 4.0, yet the Industrial 5.0 in now gaining attention from manufacturers worldwide. The concept of was first presented by Japan as Society 5.0 as A human-centered society that balances economic advancement with the resolution of social problems by a system that highly integrates cyberspace and physical space [1-3]”. The focus of IR 5.0 shifts from shareholders to stakeholders and, additionally, it reinforces the contribution of industry to the society at large.

Segmentation aims to distinguish many essential parts that define objects. Segmentation, a challenging step in image processing, plays a key role in detecting objects and pattern recognition [1]. It is necessary to develop an image segmentation algorithm that does not require human intervention and minimal computational resources. The solution to the problem previously proposed relies on C and K-means clustering algorithms [2-3]. But the cluster number computation was its key drawback, along with the fact that the system’s computing complexity increased exponentially.

Circular economy offers an alternative to linear economy model and can provide up to $4.5 trillion in economic benefits to 2030. It would give these benefits by promoting the removal of waste and the persistent safe use of natural resources. This transition to circular economy would requires unique collaboration considering that only 8.6% of the world is circular today (Gawel, A, 2021) [2]. For this long journey, research must look at sustainability from the perspective of consumers also who consider sustainability in different buying situations (Gupta & Sinha, 2015) [7] more so during this time of COVID19 pandemic (BCG, 2021) [1]. Production and consumption represent two sides of the same coin. Therefore, research must look at both production as well as consumption for increasing circularity in pursuit of sustainability. We now examine circular economy and sustainability from production perspective and then from consumption perspective.

The basic matrix algorithms for statement of parallel task in the cloud computing systems are considered in this paper. This algorithm is generally based on using the approach of arithmetic-logic relations and forming of recurrent matrixes. Possibility of using different error-coding methods for sending the request on parallelization task and receiving the answer is also considered. Comparative analyze of corrective ability of RS and convolutional codes is provided. As a result of provided investigations the relation for estimation the level of task parallelization is proposed. Choosing of convolutional codes for transmitting the data for parallelization the calculation task in cloud systems using of convolutional codes is recommended. 
Keywords: Parallel Computing; Cloud Computing; Arithmetic-Logic Relation; Error-Correction; RS-Coding; Convolutional Coding

Interest in and popularity of global university rankings have been on the rise worldwide. They have been utilized by the several stakeholders for different types of decision making. There is also general recognition that no ranking system is perfect and there are specific criticisms of each ranking system. One of the most controversial parameters is Perception which THE and QS claim to be the centerpiece of their systems and allot about half of the overall score to it. This aspect is examined here with respect to THE and QS global ranking systems and the national NIRF rankings, by comparing the scores with and without inclusion of the perception scores. It is argued that Perception is entirely subjective and comes in the way of providing a level playing field for all institutions.

A small oil field has been unknown in the past 30 years, why in the last 10 years it created an amazing miracle in China and even in the global oil industry? To answer this question scientifically, you have to have a scientific theory. In terms of depth and breadth of this problem, undoubtedly the most scientific theory is systems engineering theory; and from the perspective of oilfield production growth referred to on this issue, the most appropriate theory is man-machine-environment system engineering (MMESE) theory. Changqing oilfield applied MMESE to develop low-permeability reservoirs with extraordinary results, proving the value of MMESE.
Keywords: Application; MMESE; Changqing oilfield

This paper looks at several facets of alumni-alma mater relationship and strategies for managing it for achieving success. It is recognized that nostalgia is the glue that can sustain the relationship, and continuous mutual communication is essential to keep alive the relationship. There are mutual expectations which must be carefully fulfilled. The driving forces for promoting the alumni-alma mater relationship and critical success factors should be recognized and nurtured. Regular Reunions, on campus and at the different alumni centers are necessary to maintain the momentum of the relationship.

The term ontology came from two Greek words i.e., “Onto” and “logos”. It denotes “study or knowledge about everything that actually exists”. Philosophers defined the word “Ontology” in their own way. It is discipline of philosophy [1] that deals with structures of things, events, processes, and relations in every aspect of reality. In recent years, research in multidisciplinary fields has exploded in various sectors or domain. “Ontology” term from philosophy was adapted and repurposed to fit the needs of sectors or domain. Thecore goal of ontologies is to provide a vision of a domain. Ontologies consist of all relevant domain-specific terminologies and connections that help to identify core concepts and accumulate critical information related to the domain. Nowadays, ontology is deployed in various fields to capture the domain knowledge. The use of ontology in various sectors is shown in Fig.1 and explained further.

The inherent vibration occurring due to compliance of Flexible Robotic System (FRS) provides numerous challenges to achieve accuracy at the end-effector of the FRS. This paper focuses on the study of influence of electronic control system hardware over electromechanical output of the FRS. The paper provides an insight to the relationship between drive current and motor torque with vibrations in the system. Design details of the novel indigenously-developed control electronics and, finally the controller of the prototype FRS will be reported in this paper, backed up by the glimpses of mechanical hardware. The performance and robustness of the prototype FRS will be finally discussed based on some representative analysis and results thereof. We will discuss about implementing various trajectory functions in the control program of the prototype FRS. The paper will further lead to modified linear trajectory where parabolic blends are introduced to reduce the infinite acceleration, which would eventually reduce the vibration in the links of the FRS.

Keywords: Flexible Robot; Control System; Electronics; Vibration; Rheology; Sensor; Gripper; Trajectory Functions

The history of sciences contains unusual examples of the achievements in physics and mathematics, which methods did not use for problems in applied science during the centuries. One such example is the intricate motions and acting force of the ordinary revolving disc, which theory was worked out in our time. The top toys were invented in ancient times, which intricate motions astonished the people of different civilizations. The unusual motions and acting forces of the top toys today are called gyro effects [1].

We all know that our environment is a complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors that act upon all living beings or communities. In Dictionary environment simply means ‘surroundings’ (environ) and it is the aggregate of that which includes social & cultural conditions or influences. The environment provides us food (Roti), clothing (Kapda), shelter (Makan), and fulfill sallour desires and needs whether big or small.

The article deals with issues related to the development of vocational education in the Central Black Earth Economic Region as a key component of the formation and development of human potential. The article examines the current state of vocational education in five regions and identifies the main internal constraints and external challenges facing the vocational education system. The authors define the conditions for the further development of the higher education system, promising areas of activity of universities and propose an algorithm for the formation of the concept and design of a competitive educational program. 
Keywords: Human capital; Professional education; Educational development; Educational program concept; Educational program development

In the paper has considering the possibilities of creating hardware and software of circuits, algorithms and software for processing and recognition of biosignals. And also, the creation of a circuit, algorithms and software for the system for picking up, processing and selecting biosignals. The aim of the research is to develop a method, an algorithm, and a complex of applied programs for automatic recognition of electrocardiographic signals to improve the efficiency of diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases. The object of research is systems for measuring, analyzing and selecting biosignals. 
Keywords: Biomedical signal; Digital filtering; EEG; ECG; Gastrogram; Enterogram; Filter coefficient; visualization; Non-invasive method; Software; Interference suppression

In this pandemic situation of COVID-19, sanitizing is one of the most important and crucial activity which needs to be done timely. As per the report issued by medical experts COVID-19 can leave on the surfaces that the patient or a person suffering from Covid-19 may touch timely. The molecules of virus can land on surfaces or devices of daily use and thus infecting the it and making it more prone to be infectious. The contagious mode of the virus makes it more deadly and results in extreme precautions to be taken in order to prevent an individual from getting infected by the virus. In order to overcome this problem sanitizing chamber can be used to sterilize the equipment and make them ready to use again for the users. In a country with less developed medical facilities and services sterilization proves to be a useful step. The medical equipment like masks, mobiles, wallet, small clothes, etc. can also cause viruses. Our project provides support to healthcare organization’s looking for alternative methods to preserve and reuse such equipment.
In the context of COVID-19, everyone has to protect themselves and for that, everyone is doing what they need to do to protect themselves, but we are making this project to sanitize the things that can be infected due to certain things. People are using sanitizer to protect themselves from getting infected but if they can’t use sanitizer on some things then they can be bad because there are different types of sanitizers available in the market but they are in liquid form and you can use liquid sanitizer on your mobile, electronics, and money. Can’t use and to avoid the risk that a person can be infected from this thing, we have started this project in which you can sanitize your mobile, electronics, money, etc., and its use will not spoil those things, because it is not in liquid form, but in light form. Destroys germs.
Keywords: UVC; COVID-19

The outcomes of an in-house intellectual research carried out that provided the necessary input to customize and make it more worthy of a Student Information Management System (SIMS) developed earlier by an IT firm for the Technical Education Academies, are highlighted here. Each of the modules of this SIM subsequently were so customized to effectively incorporate all those necessary changes which arise from researched conducted to incorporate some of those basic concept of IoT with it. This researchinvolved was pertaining to threading each other all those existing IT systems running within the campus of an Academy. Once completely customized, this SIM was then found to have buttressed in disseminating the student centric green pedagogy in the academy specially during this Covid-19 Pandemic Time. 
Keywords: ICT-(Information and communication Technology); e-Governance, ERP-(Enterprise Resources planning; SIM-(Student Information Management); ATE-(Academy of Technology Education); OBE-(Outcome Based Education)

This paper is on the use of an Student Information Management System (SIMS) that facilitated students, teaching and non-teaching staff’s to online collect data and also digitally manage them effectively, On use of such systems in the campus, its converts the Academy into a paperless office through its various modules which have been highlighted here along with some suggestions on the possibility on customization to pave way further and hence to much suit the Academy’s digital work flow requirements in future.

Machine Learning and Deep Learning are two areas in Computer Science that are expanding and are increasingly finding applications in solving the real problems of the industry. They are related to developing the ability to “learn” computers without prior explicit programming, but rather a conceptually inverse process is already taking place, in which the machine uses a huge amount of data and recognizes laws due to which certain processes occur. Machine learning relies on so-called models, which represent a wide range of mathematical functions that originally belong to different mathematical disciplines, such as algebra, mathematical analysis, probability, and statistics, or discrete mathematics. And all this is simplified through various computer software and tools.

The term photogrammetry has various meanings for different application areas and over time, it has changed its definitions depending on the technological stage of its development. Currently, the most adequate definition is to consider it as the methodology for modelling 3D space from 2D images generated by digital sensors. In the beginning, it was just photogrammetry which became Analog Photogrammetry, Analytical Photogrammetry and finally, Digital Photogrammetry, which is being replaced by two competing terms which are conventional photogrammetry and UAV-photogrammetry. The question here is whether they are sufficiently different to deserve two distinct denominations.

21^st century is all about automation. Human race is obsessed with automation. Taking Amazon’s shopping website as an instance, it uses customers’ shopping data to figure out the shopping patterns and tries to predict your next order and to restock its warehouses nearest to you with what you are most likely to order so they can get products to you as soon as possible. This is called “prime now” under which they deliver 90 percent of things you need within 3 hours. Amazon even has patent called anticipatory shipping under which they will try to deliver things before you even order them based on your data.

Handheld devices captured the world and now every person who is technology dependent is replying upon the cloud computing. The rapid growth in the user of the mobile computing arises various question and opened new dimensions of research. Now, the universities and industry stake holders are looking new ideas to maximum utilize the mobile computing benefits and give maximum relief to its customers. This mobile computing and cloud computing gives both hardware and software advantages and also new concepts.

One of the fundamental combinatorial problems is the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) where a salesman is invited to visit all cities with the cheapest cycle. To solve this problem, we designed in [1] a new column row heuristic entitled Dhouib-Matrix-TSP1 (DMTSP1).

In a racing go kart with single hydraulic disk brake system, disc or rotor is a device for slowing or stopping the motion of a wheel while it runs at a certain speed which converts kinetic energy into heat energy. The widely used brake rotor material is Grey Cast Iron (CGI) which consumes much fuel due to its high specific gravity. Also, it is heavy due to high density which in return affects the performance of the race go kart. The aim of this paper is to develop the material selection method and select the optimum material for the application of brake disc system emphasizing on the substitution of this cast iron by any other lightweight material. Material performance requirements were analysed and alternative solutions were evaluated among cast iron, aluminium 7075 T6, titanium grade 5 alloy, and stainless steel 420. Mechanical properties, thermal properties, FEA (finite element analysis), were used as the key parameters in the material selection stages. The analysis led to Titanium Grade 5 material as the most appropriate material for brake disc system for a 150-cc racing go kart having single hydraulic disc brake system with the top speed of 110 Kmph.

Keywords: Racing Go-Kart; Disc brake rotor; Grey cast iron; Aluminium; Titanium; Stainless steel; Material Selection; Mechanical;
Thermal; FEA

Smart materials are the materials which can change their shape on application of force, temperature etc. They regain their structure when force is withdrawn. Such materials are finding their widespread usage in different industries as medical, semi-conductor, aerospace, defense etc. sectors.

The demand of renewable energy generating resources are increasing drastically due to rapid increase in global energy demand. Renewable energy based resources provide green energy which protects the environment and make our living sustainable. The renewable energy based resources decreases our dependency to limited resources such as: coal, fossil fuels etc. It is economically good and decreases our dependency to foreign energy sources also. The recent trending renewable energy generating resources are: Solar, Wind & Fuel Cell.

Internet of Things (IoT) escalates the technology to new heights thereby tremendously increasing the ranges of the connected applications [1]. The applications of IoT mainly include healthcare, agriculture, smart homes, vehicles, mart cities, smart grids etc. The IoT creates revolution in all the applications using the interconnection of embedded devices like sensors, actuators, gateways. The services provided by these IoT based applications are resultantly excellent. However this ubiquitous computing generates the huge data and therefore the protection i.e. providing privacy and security to this data is a prime concern.

Internet of Things (IoT) focuses on physical entities whereas Internet of Everything (IoE) focuses on everything viz., People, Process, Things, Data. IoE intelligently tries to collect and process the data not only from IoT but also from various technologies and even treat people as a node. The IoE is transpiring technology. In the last decade demand for IoE has been increased due to various things like the use of smart devices; increased demand for voice-based services; the concept of smart cities has been evolved; more requirements of processed data in fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning; fog computing, edge computing, deep learning, data analytics, etc. IoE is expected to reach the milestone of 30 billion IoE units at the end of the year 2022. IoE has emerged as a key technology that enables everything to be connected through the internet. As technology is advancing day by day, automation is playing an important role. In every field, IoE is generating a vast amount of data like health systems, traffic systems, smart city monitoring systems, education systems, social networking sites, government organizations, etc. To handle a huge amount of data, a system is required through which it becomes easier to track, analyse, handle, and apply that data in a better way [1].

In this work, we propose a new color image encryption technique. After transiting of the original image into a vector and decomposing it into blocks of three pixels, along with modifying of a seed block by an initialization vector computed from the plain image, a preliminary confusion will be handled by a substitution matrix developed under the control of the two chaotic maps used in the system. The achieved block will be injected in affine transformation provided by an invertible matrix accompanied by a dynamic translation vector to surmount the problem of null or uniform blocks. The encrypted block will be linked to the original block to setup diffusion and avalanche effect to protect the system from differential attacks. Simulations ap-plied to on a large number of color images prove the robustness of the pro-posed approach against known attacks.

Keywords: Chaotic maps; Affine transformation; Substitution

In the phosphate mine, the Kef-Essnoun deposit extended to (N75° E), soft and brittle tectonics resulted in an abrupt change in the dip of the phosphate layer flush or the dip angle is subvertical or steeply inclined towards the Southeast and sometimes the Northwest. The overall edge angle of the pit evaluated at 55° for a depth of 75 m. Several incidents of slope failure occurred in the mine, and a considerable disruption to production and monetary losses occurred. It is expected that slope failures may be triggered due to blasting in a steeply sloped laminate. In order to study the causes of slope failures, on the one hand, a back analysis was applied in order to assess the most probable physical and mechanical characteristics of the layer generating the movement, and on the other hand, the slope was analyzed by the limit equilibrium methods (LEM). The calculation of the safety factor (SF) value was carried out under static loads and dynamic loads were taken into account, which led to the conclusion that the dynamic load affects the safety factor.

Keywords: Slope stability; Blasting; Safety factor; LEM; Open-pit Mine

This Paper provides an analysis of the Challenges and Opportunities for Technical Education, globally and with particular reference to India. The concept of Grand Challenges is first explained, followed by the Grand Challenges for Technical Education in India. The evolution of Engineering Education systems worldwide is traced through the response of Global and National Engineering Education to Industry 5.0. The impact of pervasive Change all around us is demonstrated through several examples, leading to the demise of business and education as usual. The special features of XXI Century Learners and Teachers, the emerging changes in employment and careers and the opportunities and challenges for Engineering Education in India are next discussed. Th evolution of Industry 1.0 to 5.0 is next traced along with the corresponding evolution of Education 1.0 to 5.0. The dire need for changes in Engineering Education Systems and Processes is demonstrated through the changes in the four subsystems comprising the overall system. The future of Engineering Education is postulated in terms of the integration of several features which have existed as separate entities till now, and the creation of Education 5.0 -compatible graduates.

“Spatial Computing is human interaction with a machine in which the machine retains and manipulates referents to real objects and spaces”.

Smart and compact is the new lifestyle. And hence, our machines should also cope up with this lifestyle of our fast-moving lives, where performance shall not be compromised by the spatial aspects of our machines. Whether it be installing virtual forms into actual space or placing actual objects in a machine for digitization, it is Spatial Computing. To summarize, it is an umbrella term for Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality. Fueled by AI, Spatial Computing devices can spatially sense the world around us. Spatial Computing will be the next wave of disruptive technologies that will get its foothold in the 2020s.

A DeepGen network is proposed for voice conversion, which is the process of modification of a speech utterance by a source orator to that of a target orator, preserving the linguistic contents. Automatic dubbing is an application of speech processing which facilitates the modelling of the large variability of pitch. The proposed DeepGen network automizes voice conversion by taking blocks of consecutive frame-wise linguistic and fundamental frequency features. This block-wise approach models temporal dependencies within the features of the input block. Voice conversion, which is also called as voice cloning has always required significant amount of recorded speech but the proposed DeepGen network intends to convert one voice to another using a relatively smaller set of speech samples by bootstrapping samples from a larger speech dataset. The proposed generative model is a variant of the convolutional generative model with encoder and decoder blocks that bring into line the hidden structures of the
feature spaces from the source and target voices on a two-stage training process. An attractive and efficient voice conversion is thus obtained in the real-world scenario using the proposed DeepGen network. The novelty of the work lies in the induction of a deep learning generative network for cloning voice in Tamil language.

Keywords: DeepGen network; Voice Conversion; Generative Network; Convolutional generative model; Feature spaces

The present paper aims to design an active vehicle system suspension by modification passive suspension into consideration the chassis is flexible to provide us the actual suspension image to make the best performance of the car and ride comfort. Creation of a State-Space half-car Model from a Finite Element, Model achieved by use MATLAB and Controlled by (LQR) Problems with its parameters Q and R which used in the determination of optimal car suspension systems design. The challenge is minimizing the chassis deflection; displacement and reduce the acceleration of suspension vibration. It is shown in our result that the model response to the Q and R-value is positive.

Keywords: Finite Element method; Beam equation; alf car vehicle; Simply supported beam

The space flights of the astronauts discovered a new physical phenomenon that is recurrence inversions of the rotating objects at the condition of weightlessness. This physical effect is an object of stare studying by scientific researchers of the entire world. They published only a dozen manuscripts with approximated and numerical models and assumptions because of complex problems. The analytical approaches of the new gyroscope theory enabled the description of the physics of the phenomenon of the rotating object in the weightless conditions of space flights. On the rotating object, at the free flight, are acting the inertial forces generated by its circular motions around the earth and its rotating mass.

Keywords: Inertial toque; Gyroscope theory; Mathematical model; Inversion

Any rotating object with variable velocity about a fixed point generates centrifugal and tangential accelerations that are the components of the inertial forces. The known textbooks of engineering mechanics contain chapters for the acceleration of a rotating object that is presented by not accurate mathematical processing. Such a mathematical model for the acceleration of the rotating object yields the incorrect result that leads an unjustified increase in the size of the mechanical component of machines. In engineering, rotating components of machines is a subject of exact computing of inertial forces which non-observance reflects on the reliability of their work. This work considers an analysis of the acceleration of a rotating object at a fixed point and presents the precise mathematical model for its acceleration.

Keywords: Radial and Tangential Acceleration; Rotating Object; Fixed Point

Security is a very important aspect of a smart system as one of the core smart city components. That is why the concept of smart cities must pay special attention to the security of the individual Internet of Things (IoT) components that make up smart cities. For an IoT system to operate smoothly, all participants in the communication must permit the system to collect information about them - e.g., on the street by various sensors, at home by various devices, such as mobile devices, etc. Such a large set of data collected about the citizens in a smart city is a major security issue.