Medicon Publications

This case highlighted the tremendous improvement experience in patient with Multiple Sclerosis treated when conventional treatments were combined with PMF capsules and Camel milk drink.
We therefore conclude from what is observed and suggest possible link between PMF and camel milk drink in this patient’s tremendous improvement from MS. Further research is necessary including case series documentations to further reinforce the hypothesis that can be proven in larger case-control or cohort studies.
Our case demonstrated improvement in the management of Multiple sclerosis using PMF capsule with intermittent drinking of camel Milk.
Keywords: PMF; Multiple Sclerosis; Camel milk; Case repot

Background: Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), obtained naturally without chemical processing, boasts anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making it a potential adjunct in treating periodontal diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis. Despite its benefits, research on VCO's specific effects as an adjunct to the treatment of periodontal disease remains limited. Aim: This review aims to explore existing data on VCO's potential in addressing periodontal issues. Materials and Method: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for available literature with the keywords; (periodontal disease OR periodontitis OR periodontal therapy OR periodontium) AND (gingivitis OR gingival disease) AND (virgin coconut oil OR VCO) spanning from 2003 to 2024. This review only included original articles that were fully written in English. Results: A total of seven articles were found on VCO related to periodontology. VCO adjunctive applications were reported to result in further reductions of plaque index, gingival index, inflammatory mediators, and inhibition of periodontal pathogens. Conclusions: From this review, it can be concluded that VCO exerts multiple beneficial effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, healing properties, anti-plaque, anti-gingivitis and anti-bacterial that are beneficial for various periodontal disease management.
Keyword: Anti-bacterial; anti-gingivitis; Anti-inflammatory; anti-oxidant; anti-plaque; periodontal disease; virgin coconut oil

We read, with great enthusiam, the article entitled “Forensic Dentistry - Need to Expand the Horizon”, authored by Sukhpal Kaur, and published in volume 3, issue 3 (December 2023) of Medicon Dental Science [1]. We congratulate the author on the article and its broad and visionary approach. The article is well-written and describes the importance of the dental surgeon's forensic work, particularly in the criminal field. However, the role of the dental surgeon in the legal sphere goes beyond the elucidation of criminal situations.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic did not spare Madagascar, and we observed that a significant number of inpatients who were transferred passed away. The aim of this study was to investigate how admission by transfer influences the outcome of COVID-19 patients and to identify factors associated with mortality in patients admitted through interhospital transfer.
Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at the Andohatapenaka University Hospital over a three-month period from December 2021 to February 2022. The first group included in the study population was composed of patients from interhospital transfers (n=54). The second group consisted of patients admitted by other admission methods (n=127). The chi-square test was used to check the validity of the relative risk (RR), and the significance threshold was set by a p value < 0.05.
Results: After analysis, it was found that the mode of admission interhospital transfer was associated with patient mortality (RR=1.47 [1.06-2.04]). Additionally, we identified several factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients, including a history of diabetes (RR=1.58[1.02-2.43]), a respiratory rate of more than 30 cycles/min (RR=1.58[1.02-2.45]), SpO₂ less than or equal to 88% (RR=2.45[1.21-4.92]), Glasgow score between 9 and 12 (RR=2.09[1.55-2.83]), critical form (RR=2.41 [1.68-3.47]), lung involvement greater than 50% (RR=1.99 [1.05-3.74]), presence of complications (RR=1.90 [1.24-2.93]), complications by myocardial infarction (RR=2.00 [1.50-2.65]), and use of noninvasive ventilation (RR=2.00 [1.50-2.65]). Therefore, admission through interhospital transfer influenced the unfavorable patient outcome.
Conclusion: Our study shows that admission by transfer is associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. We recommend that healthcare professionals exercise vigilance in managing these patients to improve outcomes.
Keywords: admission; COVID-19; mortality; transfer

Introduction: Bruxism, characterized by involuntary teeth grinding, poses a significant oral health concern affecting a notable portion of the adult population.
Aim & Objective: To assess osseous changes in the mandibular condyle among patients with bruxism, considering age, gender, and specific temporomandibular joint conditions.
Methods: 246 individuals of age 18-40 years were screened and clinically evalluated for bruxism. Patients indicated for orthopantomogram [OPG] were utilized to study condylar osseous changes. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine age-related variations, gender-specific differences, and associations with tongue indentation, teeth attrition, and muscle hypertrophy.
Results: Age-related trends revealed tendencies towards surface flattening and osteophyte occurrence in the left condyle, while gender-specific variations highlighted higher frequencies of osteophyte and sclerosis in females and increased sclerosis in males, particularly in the right condyle. Tongue indentation and teeth attrition emerged as potential risk indicators, whereas the association with muscle hypertrophy requires further investigation.
Conclusion: Tailored diagnostic and management strategies are essential for addressing variations in bruxism prevalence and severity, considering age, gender, and specific TMJ conditions. Further research into the relationship between muscle hypertrophy and bruxism could provide valuable insights into TMJ disorder mechanisms.
Keywords: Bruxism; Orthopantomogram [OPG]; Condylar osseous changes

The concept of "deathbed" refers to a social process in which emotions are shared collectively while sending a dying person to their last journey, accompanied by different rituals across cultures. The dying person's family members, but also relatives and friends, as well as medical professionals and religious officials invited according to the individual's beliefs, are actively involved in the deathbed process. This process also produces a social space where many common values and religious activities emerge.

In recent years, the integration of digital learning platforms into educational settings has become increasingly prevalent. This paper investigates the impact of digital learning platforms on student engagement and academic performance. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of student performance data with qualitative insights gathered through interviews. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between the use of digital learning platforms and both student engagement and academic achievement. However, challenges such as technological barriers and pedagogical implementation issues are also identified. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of digital learning platforms to enhance educational outcomes while emphasizing the importance of effective integration strategies.

Paramagnetic complexes of transition metals and rare earths have attracted a lot of interest in the last year in medical imaging. Indeed, the study by ¹H NMR spectroscopy has revealed that these agents increase the contrast between an affected cell and a normal one in biological tissues. This increase in contrast is due to the decrease in the nuclear relaxation time of the ¹H proton of water. Due to their high magnetic moment, the dipolar interactions between these agents and water molecules are strong, which mainly reduces the nuclear relaxation time of ¹H protons. Bloch was the first to use ferric nitrate as an agent of observation.
Synthetic mixed triplane complexes containing functionalized outer porphyrins and an inner phthalocyanine were prepared and their conditions of obtaining with better yield were studied. These complexes were characterized by UV/Vis. spectroscopy, H NMR mass spectrometry. In the second part we have reported the different strategies of interporphyrin coupling and the appropriate method for obtaining the "cage" complex in which a phthalocyanine ligand is encapsulated by two external porphyrinate ligands. The different parameters that govern this kind of systems are exposed.
Keywords: Meso-tetra.para-propargylphenylperphynate (Tp-PrOP) P; Meso tetra-para-aminophenylprophyrinate (Tp-H2NP) P; Phtalocyanine; octamethyl phtalocyaninate (Pc(Pme); octamethoxyphtalocyaninate (PcMe8); Ln= La; Ce; Gd

In the monarchy of modern engineering and technology, semiconductors stand as silent sentinels powering the revolution that touches nearly every facet of human life. From the smallest of wearable health monitors to the sprawling networks of global communication systems, semiconductors are the backbone of innovation, driving advancements that seemed like distant dreams mere decades ago. As an editorial member of Medicon Engineering Themes, I Sunil Sharma, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Geetanjali Institute of Technical Studies, Udaipur, find the intersection of semiconductor technology with multidisciplinary fields particularly fascinating, underscoring the need for collaborative research and innovation in this domain.

Heap is a topic of interest among security researchers and exploit developers who are looking for vulnerabilities in modern-day software. The complexity of allocators like the one used by GLIBC incur a broad attack surface. Attackers can exploit an application by misusing the algorithms and metadata used by the memory allocator itself due to various flaws in the implementation. As a result, there are many exploitation techniques related to the heap. However, these vulnerabilities and exploit techniques are more difficult to understand as they can be dependent on the intricate details of how the allocators are implemented. While stack-based attacks have received significant attention and have various mitigations developed, heap-based attacks remain a persistent threat.
This paper provides an analysis of the dynamic memory allocation mechanism used in GLIBC, one of the most widely used C library implementations. We describe the key implementation details of the memory allocator, including the use of segregated free lists, in-band metadata within heap chunks and support for multithreading using arenas. We then demonstrate how vulnerabilities can occur in the heap due to incorrect usage of the memory allocation facilities provided, such as use-after-free, invalid free, heap overflow, and others. To illustrate the severity of these vulnerabilities, we provide an overview of two heap exploit techniques: tcache poisoning and fast bin dup. This paper aims to help developers who want to understand how dynamic memory allocation works under the hood and how to avoid common pitfalls that can lead to serious security vulnerabilities.

Keywords: Heap exploitation; Memory corruption; Low-level vulnerabilities

One of the important factors for dry blend processes of Suspension Polyvinyl Chloride resin is porosity.

Many parameters have direct and indirect impacts on it.

Direct parameters are operationally controlled and related to the selection of a secondary emulsifier, know as a porisifier.

This parameter is controlled by Reaction Recipe parameters, including agitation intensity, emulsifier ratios, catalyst type, polymerizer temperature, conversion rate, interfacial tension, and PVA degree of polymerization.

On the other hand, the indirect parameters are related to system impurity levels in the reactor. Such impurities are originated from two main sources: namely, Vinyl Chloride monomer, (VCM), and charging water quality.

The application of Nano-Buffer materials in the polymerization phase has revealed the economical improvement of resin porosity.

The results have shown porosity improvements in some applications of around 7%, resulting in operating costs reduction of about 15% in some applications.

A predominant approach for organisational inquiry is Action Research, but it comes in many forms and in some cases ends up as all research and no action or vice versa. A prevalent feature of all action research is the importance of meeting stakeholders in order to gain an understanding ‘from within’; This is specifically the case where Soft Action Research is the basis of the inquiry.
In this paper, the author reflects, briefly, upon the history of action research and the lessons learnt from the outcomes of a recent research he conducted using the Appreciative Inquiry Method (AIM). The author discusses the adoption of soft action research to investigate the domain of decision-making in complex engineering organizations in a bid for technical managers to learn about their own decision-making practices and optimise their decisions. The main study findings conducted across 2 different agencies were largely consistent and they include the following: superior officer’s view/opinion, technical know-how and integration with other departments are the most important to the technical managers when making their decisions. Within the concept of power-play in decision-making making - the superior officer’s influence was found to play a key role in addressing varying judgements or split opinions due to their experience, and also in getting management’s support on their critical decisions.
The lessons learnt from the researcher’s experiences will help inform other researchers and professionals using the Soft Systems Method of inquiry and open opportunities for others to explore further the merits and demerits of Soft Action Research.
The method discussed in this paper can be used to acquire quality data which can be used to develop training prompts for artificial intelligence applications and help develop a repository for multi-criteria decision analysis and algorithm/method for analysis of enterprise risk. The overall research is part of the organization’s management (CSTP-NASRDA) plan to improve decision-making amongst its technical managers.
Keywords: Appreciative Inquiry Method (AIM); Appreciation; Decision-making; Intuition; power-play

This article covers the issues of determining the diagnostic parameters of electric motors, predicting the state of failure and its prevention, effective usage of electric equipment and increasing its reliability. It analyzes the state of failures of asynchronous motors used in our country and gives appropriate conclusions.
The main failure factors of electrical equipment were analyzed, their technical condition was assessed, and the main diagnostic parameters causing the failure state were determined, and the necessity of the parameter of the influence of the operational period on useful work coefficient was substantiated. The most common type of damage to electric motors was the burnout of the insulation or black discoloration of the coil insulation - 78.9%. In the electric motor failure case, there was three-phase burnout at 37.7%, two-phase burnout at 21.3%, and single-phase burnout at 19.9%.
Keywords: agriculture; technological process; electric motor; failure; operation; interphase circuit; insulation resistance; rotor braking

Regarding the medical or chemistry of the omicron virus, I usually go back to the amino acids of the spike protein vs. the formed protein by the virus, along with bonding strength between atoms in the chemical compounds.
The most challenging theme is to relate brain biology to medicine or disease, and I always think about the cause in view of substance, even if we do not understand it. The method is an estimation of the substance(s) to the disease or remedy and considers the mechanisms with physics (Medicon Medical Sciences 2.4 (2022): 11-20). It is successful when the estimation connects to evidence; here is the example of cerebral infarction, which involves injecting electrons onto acupuncture points through the instrument. (Medicon Agriculture & Environmental Sciences 2.2 (2022): 13-20. & Medicon Medical Sciences 3.6 (2022): 20-26).

The integration of aquaponics as a comprehensive and sustainable framework for backyard farming is methodically examined in this review study, with a particular focus on balancing the ecological, economic, and social elements of agriculture. This study explores the complex interactions between hydroponics and aquaculture that are present in the aquaponic system and clarifies how these interactions may be used to create a symbiotic relationship that maximizes resource use while also reducing environmental impact. The review thoroughly examines the principles of nutrient cycling in aquaponics while examining ecological aspects, emphasizing the efficient transformation of fish waste into nutrient-rich water for plant development. This paper presents aquaponics as an environmentally conscientious alternative to conventional farming methods, highlighting the closed-loop system's effectiveness in lowering water usage and reducing dependency on external fertilizers. The study assesses the financial feasibility of aquaponic systems for backyard farming, taking into account variables such as setup costs, ongoing expenditures, and yield potential. After a thorough analysis of the opportunities for small-scale business, the assessment highlights aquaponics as a financially viable option for those who want to become self-sufficient in their food production. The review also explores aquaponics' social aspects and how it might be used as a tool for community development and education. Through an examination of its capacity to advance sustainable farming methods, increase consciousness, and encourage community involvement, the research underscores the wider societal advantages linked to aquaponic systems.
This thorough analysis concludes by presenting aquaponics as the ideal home farming method, balancing ecological, economic, and social factors in a well-thought-out manner. The combined results add a great deal of understanding to the discussion of sustainable agriculture and support the broad use of aquaponics in order to develop a resilient and balanced agricultural environment.
Keywords: Aquaponics; Hydroponics; sustainability; backyard farming; ecological harmony

The potential impact of climate change on olive cultivation in Mediterranean regions, with a specific focus on Djibouti, is studied, and a smart agriculture approach, based on climate change adaptation, is proposed. This study, conducted in Djibouti, examines the utilization of advanced technologies such as data mining, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, drones, and cloud computing to anticipate the damage caused by climate change on agricultural yields. The overall objective of this study is to create sustainable and intelligent agriculture, often referred to as Agriculture 4.0, by controlling soil, water, and weather conditions to optimize plant growth in the unique context of Djibouti. By integrating these technologies, the project aims to increase yields and profits for farmers in Djibouti, thereby promoting more resilient agriculture in the face of climate change. Expected outcomes include pilot projects, policy models, blueprints, and the development of human resources specialized in the field of smart agriculture tailored to the conditions of Djibouti. In summary, the article presents an innovative approach to address climate challenges in olive cultivation in Djibouti and other Mediterranean regions, utilizing advanced technologies.
Keywords: Climate change; Smart agriculture; Artificial intelligence; Agriculture 4.0; Sustainable agriculture and Djiboutian agricultural human resources

Lignin is a three-dimensional, amorphous polymer that forms a network within the plant cell wall. Thus, Oil spills have significant economic impacts on various industries, particularly those dependent on fisheries and tourism. Contaminated fishing grounds result in damaged or destroyed fishing fleets, ecology and long-term contamination. Ultimately, effective and sustainable oil spill cleanup methods play a critical role in mitigating the environmental and economic impacts of oil spills, as well as in promoting the long-term health and resilience of affected ecosystems. the concept of lignin-based aerogels as a potential solution for petroleum refineries oil spill treatment, as well as a sustainable solution for the cleanup. Therefore, research can focus on further optimizing the properties of lignin-based aerogels to enhance their oil sorption capacity, porosity, and mechanical strength. This can be achieved through modifications in processing parameters such as solvent choice, drying methods, and cross-linking techniques.

Keywords: Petroleum; Refineries; Lignin; Aerogels; Oil; Treatment

Mycotic keratitis is a sight-threatening disease, caused by infection of the cornea by filamentous fungi or yeasts. This paper reviews data on the prevalence, diagnosis, therapy and prevention of mycotic keratitis in different states in India, and in other countries, namely Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Bhutan, in the Indian subcontinent. In vivo confocal microscopy and molecular techniques(polymerase chain reaction) have improved management of the condition.
Keywords: Keratitis; etiological agents; clinical features; therapy; prevention

Patient admission to the Intensive Care Unit leads to pathological changes in the stomatognathic system. Most of the time, due to the absence of enteral feeding when patients are intubated, xerostomia is widely observed, increasing the risk of intraoral opportunistic infections. These infections, in turn, can lead to other systemic complications, increasing hospitalization time and costs and requiring prolonged pharmacological therapies, thus increasing the morbidity and mortality rate. In view of this, considering the preventive aspects, the presence of a dental surgeon in the Intensive Care Unit promotes oral hygiene care for patients, favouring quality of life and improvements in hospital care.
Keywords: Dentistry; Hospital; Intensive Care Unit; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene

Supernumerary teeth are defined as additional teeth to normal series of primary and permanent teeth. These additional teeth can occur anywhere in the oral cavity, presenting challenges in diagnosis and treatment [1]. The etiology of supernumerary teeth is thought to be both genetic and environmental factors like hyperactivity of dental lamina, tooth bud dichotomy, trauma, infection etc. [2, 3]. Often in regular dental practice the supernumerary tooth is often missed unless it affects the treatment process. Understanding the rate of incidence, causes, and management of supernumerary teeth helps dental practitioners to provide effective care. This is an attempt to record some cases seen among the expat patients of different nationality in the UAE.

Introduction: Convulsions are attacks of muscular contracture of cerebral origin, of multiple etiologies.
Objective: To determine the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic profile of convulsions in children.
Method: This was a prospective descriptive study lasting six months involving 137 patients hospitalized in the pediatric department of the Labé regional hospital.
Results: out of a population of 522 patients, we recorded 137 cases of convulsions in the pediatric department, representing a frequency of 26.2%.
The etiologies of seizures in children were dominated by severe malaria with a frequency of 72.2% followed by lower respiratory infections with 24.8% and epilepsy 11.6%.
In our study, antipyretics were the most used with a frequency of 90.5% followed by antimalarials 72.2% and anticonvulsants 37.9%.
Conclusion: convulsions are very common symptoms of multiple etiologies, treatment remains symptomatic and etiological.
The availability of EEG and blood ionogram would facilitate diagnosis and improve management.
Keywords: convulsions; epilepsy; child; Labé

This research aims to clarify the PRF / CGF membranes and sticky bone preparation together with other platelet concentrates. A few clinical cases will show how sticky bone is together with PRF membranes applicative in different oral surgery indications [1]. Growth Factor are polypeptide hormones or biological factors. They mediate many cellular processes for the various stages of growth. Endodontic therapy, commonly known as root canal treatment, is indeed highly successful in most cases, with success rates typically ranging from 85% to 97%. However, in a minority of cases, symptoms may persist or reoccur despite initial treatment. In such situations, periapical surgery, also referred to as apical surgery or apicoectomy, may be recommended as the next step. Periapical surgery involves accessing the tip of the tooth's root (apex) and removing any infected tissue or lesions in the surrounding area. This procedure is often indicated when conventional root canal treatment has failed, or when there are persistent issues such as chronic periapical lesions or apical periodontitis. During periapical surgery, the endodontist or oral surgeon will make a small incision in the gum tissue near the affected tooth to access the root tip. The infected tissue is then removed, and the tip of the root may be reshaped or sealed to prevent further infection. Finally, the gum tissue is sutured back into place.
Keywords: Autologous platelets concentrate; concentrated growth factor; endodontic surgery; sticky bone

Background: From healthcare associated infections surgical site infection is the most commonly encountered in problem surgically admitted patients which results undesirable outcome and treatment cost burden.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to determine magnitude of surgical site infection and associated factors in patients to whom surgery was done at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College.
Methodology: A longitudinal study design was used to conduct the study and all patients admitted to the surgical wards for which surgery was done in July and August 2022 was included. Binary logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated with surgical site infections and statistically significant associations were declared for p value less than 0.05 using adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.
Result: In the current study, 24 of 419 5.7% (95% CI: 3.7, 8.4%) patients developed surgical site infections out of which 3 of 419 (0.7%) died from surgical site infection complication. Surgical site infections were significantly associated with hospital stay (AOR: 35.3, 95% CI: 11.2, 112.8) ** and gastrointestinal surgeries (AOR: .299, 95% CI: .090, .999) *.
Conclusion: The magnitude of surgical site infection in this study was slightly higher than the accepted infection rate but by far low than other studies with comparable set ups.
Keywords: Surgical site infection; wound class; surgical wards

In recent years, there has been a notable shift from plastic packaging to fibre-based alternatives. Ensuring that fibre-based packaging maintains all functionalities of its plastic counterpart is essential. This research focuses on a specific aspect of this transition: the resistance to water and moisture.
A critical divergence in material properties between LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene) and fibre-based materials lies in water resistance. The inherent lack of natural water resistance in fibre-based materials underscores the importance of coatings in the success of fibre-based packaging. To address this challenge, two specially designed coatings were developed in collaboration with chosen companies. Following to a promising lab testing phase, a dedicated testbench was constructed for practical real-life evaluations.
Close cooperation with a coating research company played a key role in unveiling the true potential of these coatings. Particularly, a bio-based coating emerged as a viable solution to enhance water resistance in paper packaging.
Keywords: Cobb test; water barrier; Recyclable; coating; sustainability

Artificial Intelligence products have seen an unprecedented rise in the last few years, with GPT-3 and ChatGPT considered the most powerful AI tools in history. Recently, people have been concerned that services such as ChatGPT may be a threat to education. Specifically, teachers are concerned about students using the free and accessible tool as a Wikipedia replacement to complete homework and to write assignments for them. It poses importance for both researchers and practitioners in AI, and community stakeholders including teachers and parents, to understand the capability of AI text generative models in answering questions that may appear in an educational assessment or the school’s curriculum. In this research, we follow a widely adopted framework in defining educational question types, namely Bloom's taxonomy. We perform an experiment comparing the quality of answers retrieved from Google and GPT-3 on a series of questions identified along the hierarchy of Bloom’s taxonomy.
We summarize the capabilities and limitations of using GPT-3 to answer educational questions along Bloom's taxonomy. We discuss the implications on designing educational assessments to combat the threats introduced by such AI services.
Keywords: Generative language models; Question answering; AI in education; Bloom’s taxonomy

The process of obtaining antimony trioxide from Unified Mining Company S.A. (EMUSA) has two production lines. The refining slag from the second production line was stored since the plant started operations, registering high antimony contents which is the reason for this research project. To recover antimony from the slag, it was necessary to carry out a reducing fusion with slag using pyrometallurgical methods with ternary diagrams; FeO: Na₂O: SiO₂ and FeO: SiO₂: CaO the Sb recovery was done in two parts; the first part consisted of melting in a flame furnace and the second a melting in the IIMETMAT thermobalance. The flow of oxygen necessary for antimony recovery was 0.1 l/min higher flows oxidize antimony and lower recovery. The experiments showed that the reaction that controls the process is PbSb₂ O₆ + 6C= 2Sb + Pb + 6CO. For the melting in the flame furnace, the best slag ratio used was 35:15:50 with the system and with the system, the best ratio was 35:15:50, with Sb recoveries of 98% in both cases.
Keywords: Refining slag; Melting in the thermobalance; Antimony recovery

The demand for lightweight and high-performance materials in product design has increased recently in the automotive, marine, transportation, and aerospace industries (Schweitzer, 2003; Kaufman, 2000). In these kinds of enterprises, losing weight is necessary to increase fuel efficiency, increase payload capacity, and comply with greenhouse gas emission regulations. Using more sophisticated light materials is the most efficient technique to reduce weight without compromising design performance (Mouritz, 2012, Singh et al. 2019a-c). The industry offers a wide range of lightweight technical materials, such as alloys made of titanium, magnesium, and aluminium. Aluminium alloys are widely utilised in the aerospace, transportation, shipbuilding, and other industries due to their high strength to weight ratio and resistance to corrosive agents.

Endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) during childhood is rare and mostly due to steroid taken for treatment of other diseases. Due to delayed diagnosis of endogenous Cushing syndrome it results high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of CS is about 2 to 3 cases per million of populations and 10% of them occur in children. Patients with endogenous CS are presented with typical features of facial plethora, weight gain, glucose intolerance, hypertention, osteoporosis, proximal body weakness, fracture opportunistic infections, easily bruising and striae. We are reporting that an 8-year-old boy presented with central body weight gain, facial plethora, hypertension, and delayed weight gain. He was diagnosed to have left suprarenal mass with imaging and corticotrophin-independent crushing’s syndrome from a laboratory profile. Although laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy is mentioned as the gold standard treatment, with the introduction of surgical robotic systems, surgeons are experiencing different approaches to adrenalectomy. Our patient was operated on with a robotic adrenalectomy through a posterior retroperitoneoscopic approach successfully, and the final histopathology report was adrenocorticaladenoma. Corticotrophic-independent CS is more common in young children mostly younger than 7-year old, hence our patient is 8-year old which goes with possible explanation.
Keyword: Cushing’s syndrome/disease; ACTH; Robotic surgery

Automated wound detection using computer vision has emerged as a promising approach in healthcare, offering efficient and accurate identification of various acute injuries such as burns, abrasions, and traumatic wounds. Traditional manual assessment methods are time-consuming and subjective, leading to potential human errors. Leveraging state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, this study investigates the application of YOLO v8, a real-time object detection framework, for automated wound detection in diverse clinical scenarios. The research focuses on delineating the architecture and implementation details of YOLO v8, emphasizing its adaptability and efficiency in identifying and localizing acute injuries. Additionally, the paper discusses methodologies for dataset preparation, including collection, annotation, and augmentation of wound images crucial for training and validating the model, while addressing challenges such as class imbalance and ensuring model robustness across different wound appearances.
Keywords: Customized First Aid; YOLO V8; Object Detection; Transfer Learning

Introduction: The article substantiates the importance of production of organic agro-food products in Georgia. Based on the assessment of the natural-resource potential of the production of bio products, the opportunities for the production of Georgian bio products and the expansion of positions on the local and international markets have been studied.
Aim and tasks: The aim of the study is to reveal the challenges of production of organic agricultural products in Georgia and develop recommendations on development opportunities.
Research results: As the findings of the research as the main challenges are identified small amount of certified products, complex certification process, lack of knowledge and skills of farmers, low access to credit and finance, lack of information about both local and export bio products markets, etc.
Conclusions: Through bibliographic research and interviews with experts, conclusions are made on the main challenges of production of organic agricultural products in Georgia. As a result of the analysis, the ways to overcome them are proposed and relevant recommendations are made.
Keywords: Bio Economy; bio products; Georgia; bio production challenges; bio certificates; export expansion opportunities