Medicon Publications

This paper rejects the hypothesis that investment Gardens present financial harm to the public. Gardens are found on platform websites that allow anybody to create an investment product. The literature review sources the limited research noting the opportunities for abuse that managers of complex financial products can exploit against the unsuspecting public.
This research builds on the dialectic in the Decentralized Finance (“DeFi”) debate. How dare access to riches be denied to anyone? Are regulators obliged to restrict access to vulnerable investors?
Eight Gardens are regressed against the S&P 500, Bitcoin and Ethereum prices. Granger Causality Analysis seeks to establish whether there is rationality in the DeFi markets. Gardens’ Sharpe Ratios are compared to sixty traditional investment funds.
The paper proposes an extension of adverse selection within agency theory. The propensity for retail investors to understand a Garden from any sources should determine whether retail investors are allowed to invest.
Keywords: DeFi; game theory; adverse selection; investment gardens; finance democratization

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the world's governance, peace and security. Even though Africa was not affected like the magnitude in Europe and America, the pandemic has threatened international peace and security in the West African sub region. Political change and coup d’états in Burkina Faso, Chad, Guinea, Mali and Niger have presented security challenges in West Africa. Threats by terrorists’ groups during and after the pandemic has also posed threat to human security and cooperation among countries in the ECOWAS bloc. Insecurity has increased, especially when terrorist groups have used the pandemic to cause political instability. In some countries in the sub-region, the COVID-19 pandemic delayed progress in implementing reforms and has stalled efforts by governments to provide efficient and effective services to the citizenry, invariably hampering government’s efforts at improving on the needs of the people in the region. This has been a major catalyst to the military take overs that has occurred in the West African, Sahel region worsening the already precarious situation in Africa. It is recommended amidst the negative effects that, leaders in the sub-region strengthen measures to improve on human security among member states, harness resources in the region to build robust infrastructural amenities and to improve the living conditions of the youth in order not to be recruited by armed insurgent groups to cause extreme violence.
Keywords: Peace; human security; terrorists; pandemic and Sahel

We encountered a man (77- years - old) suffering from multiple myeloma, who was discharged from the hospital after he was hospitalized for a couple of days.
His symptoms were shortness of breath, bone pain, anemia, renal damage and fatigue for two years. Anemia and renal organs may relate water.
Sometimes, they have abnormally high blood viscosity. The disease is a lymph (B cell) becoming cancerous in bone marrow, which forms M protein (monoclonal protein), involving about 10% of blood cancers [1, 2]. Now, a medical doctor should find where the lymphatic node or lymphatic vessels are. The reason why we introduce blood is that multiple myeloma must be mostly related.

I researched water in quantum theory for over 10 years [1]. We have applied water to various fields, such as medicine, agriculture, and different plastics, ceramics, and glass materials, and we have many publications.
Here, I review the bases of the water in theory in particular.
Firstly, we introduce the water containing the pico-extended particle (1/1000 of a nanometer) after the dissociation of hydrogen bonds in the water molecules, which I name infoton, <H⁺~e^-> [1]. Here are four keywords for the infoton.
One idea is neither a hydrogen atom nor separated ions. However, a critical point in our estimation is that the electron in the hydrogen atom oscillates between the outermost orbit and the nearest area of the proton in the cloud, as shown in Fig. 1.

In the recent years, numerical simulation of the welding process has become more widely used, mainly owing to advances in computer technology and the prevalence of commercial software. However, one of the main challenges of welding simulation is the accuracy of heat source modeling. This paper investigates Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) with Lower Spatter Control (LSC) on an experimental basis, aiming to determine the parameters of the heat source for improved numerical prediction of weld temperature, distortion, and stress. The weld bead geometry was characterized and transient temperatures were recorded at particular points on the substrate close to the weld bead using K-type thermocouples. The results revealed that modifying welding speed can affect temperature distribution and weld bead construction. The choice of welding speed is a critical factor in determining the quality and efficiency of a welding process. The study suggests optimizing the welding process parameters, to control the heat input and cooling rate during welding, which can considerably affect the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the weld bead.
Keywords: LSC-GMAW; 304 L; temperature; macrograph; heat source

The combined effects of local warming brought on by urbanisation and global climate change are making urban heat a growing problem for many cities. Urban heat-related issues must be addressed immediately because these phenomena have substantial negative effects on the environment, the economy, society, and human health. Although buildings play a significant role in urban heat, they also offer opportunities for mitigation through the decarbonisation of the built environment. The building industry has acknowledged green buildings (GBs) as an innovative philosophy and practice. GBs have been suggested as a way to reduce the effects of urban heat islands and other heat-related issues. The purpose of this study is find the most important factors of green building which can be impactful for reducing UHI. Using an extensive literature review methodology, the study identified eighteen important references following a thorough screening of more than 1400 preliminary studies. Finally 10 papers have been selected. These sources concentrate on the ways that green buildings mitigate urban heat through different approaches, such as cutting carbon emissions, lessening the effects of artificial landscapes, and enhancing energy efficiency. Global warming mitigation, local warming mitigation, and urban heat mitigation are the three categories into which the framework created in this review divides GB's responses to urban heat challenges. Further analysis of these responses is conducted with respect to the following areas: building design, energy and water efficiency, site planning, outdoor environments, transportation, material selection, indoor environmental quality, operation management, and building life cycle, including construction and maintenance. The findings indicate that GBs significantly contribute to reducing the urban heat problem by lowering carbon emissions, minimising artificial landscapes, and promoting energy-efficient designs.  This review provides a holistic analysis of the role of GBs in urban heat mitigation, aiming to inform future research and practical implementations in urban planning and green building development.
Keywords: Urban heat island; green building; mitigation strategies; green infrastructure; climate change

Solar air heater is a type of heat exchanger which transforms solar radiation into heat energy. The thermal performance of conventional solar air heater has been found to be poor because of the low convective heat transfer coefficient from the absorber plate to the air. Use of artificial roughness on surface is effective way to break laminar boundary sub layer. It enhances rate of heat transfer from absorber plate to flow of air stream. An attempt has been made to carry out CFD based analysis using Fluent to fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of solar air heater. Model of solar air heater involving air inlet, absorber plate, glass, and solar air heater with baffles was modelled by ANSYS Workbench and the results were obtained by using ANSYS FLUENT software. It is evident from the simulation that solar air heater with fins increases the heat transfer area and also help in creating turbulence which in turn increases the temperature of the air. Use of polyethylene (green house plastic) as a glazing material for solar air heater is a great choice because though it collects 5% less solar irradiation from the sun but it traps the heat for longer time, acts as an insulating material. As they form a bond with water to assist evaporation by absorption of broadband light, they are utilized as good solar thermal absorber materials. During the study, the heat carrier's maximum temperature reached 48˚C at a solar radiation intensity 9 W/m² and an ambient air temperature of about 30˚C. Also, it has been observed that the solar radiation intensity and the outlet air temperature increases from 10 AM to 2.00 PM of the day as the intensity of solar radiation at Gangtok used in the study is maximum up to 2.00 PM and then it decreases.
Keywords: Solar air heater; Solar Energy; CFD; Heat transfer; Baffles and fins; Temperature distribution

Modern agriculture faces the dual imperative of minimizing its environmental footprint while simultaneously ensuring global food security to meet the needs of a growing population (Van Raamsdonk, et al., 2023). This paper highlights some of the key challenges facing modern agriculture and presents a selection of potential strategies to address them, including adopting circular economy approaches.

The food production chain generates substantial volumes of biowaste, which poses significant environmental challenges (Van Raamsdonk, et al., 2023). Applying circular economy principles offers an opportunity to valorize these organic waste streams and transforming them into valuable resources. The Moerman ladder emphasizes a hierarchical approach to organic waste management prioritizing food use for human consumption over feed, bio-based materials, energy recovery, and composting, where waste prevention is not feasible (Waarts, 2011).

The study assessed the sustainability of conservation farming in promoting food security among smallholder farmers in Change Ward. The study findings were analyzed using a sustainable livelihood theoretical framework using a qualitative research approach where interviews, focus group discussions, and observations were used. It was found that the farmers are growing a variety of crops, which is resulting in improved crop diversification and more resilience among farmers. This has a positive bearing on increasing food availability, the variety of crops is leading to improved nutritional status at the household level. Also, their resilience to climate change has thus far improved because of conservation agriculture which in turn increases the probability of its sustainability among farmers as they are seeing its benefits. Furthermore, vulnerabilities of this strategy were also highlighted which might pose a threat towards its sustainability, these include dependence on government inputs, too laborious, climate change which is resulting in high and unpredictable rains which come for a short period. The study found out that farmers own land for their agricultural purposes, and have family support which tends to reduce workload at the fields, farmer groups and technical support from the Agritex officers. However, during the research, some participants had a divergent view on the sustainability of this strategy as they do have assets such as land, they are not in any farmers group which has a bearing on the workload. Thus, the study shows that conservation agriculture is one of the key strategies that is being practiced by smallholder farmers towards the improvement of their food security at home. This strategy is sustainable among farmers as there are assets that are put in place that could help the farmers to continue with the strategy in ensuring food security. However, in ensuring its sustainability there were some loopholes which needs to be addressed in order to address the sustainability aspect of this strategy such as clear and improved land ownership, women empowerment which will go a long way in addressing the shortage of financial resources. Government should introduce and subsidise the mechanization of this strategy as a way of reducing its workload in the fields. There is need for the empowerment of smallholder farmers on soft skills such as unity and respect among the farmers.

Psidium guajava L., commonly known as guava, belongs to the Myrtle family and is cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates. Guava leaves have been used for medicinal purposes due to their numerous health benefits in several countries. This study presents the results of determining the drying methods and drying conditions for guava leaves through various techniques: the sun drying, shade, the hot air drying, the heat pump drying, and the vacuum drying. The drying methods were conducted at three temperature levels: 45°C, 50°C, and 55°C. Moisture reduction rate, tannin content, and sensory evaluation of the color and flavor of the dried guava leaves were the basis for selecting the appropriate drying method and conditions. The results identified heat pump drying at 45°C for 210 minutes as the most suitable method, producing dried guava leaves with a standard moisture content of 11 ± 0.5%. The dried guava leaves had a tannin content of 7.75%, with the characteristic color and aroma of guava leaves, making them suitable for processing into medicinal products such as guava leaf powder or tea. The equation predicting the moisture content of guava leaves over drying time during the drying process has been established.
Keywords: Guava leaves; heat pump dryer; Tannin; hot air drying; sun drying

Climate change poses significant challenges to ecosystems, livelihoods, and food security worldwide. In response, agroforestry—a sustainable land-use system that integrates trees and shrubs with crops and livestock—has emerged as a practical solution for enhancing climate resilience. While the ecological and economic benefits of agroforestry are well-documented, its successful implementation often hinges on active community engagement. This essay explores the critical role of community participation in agroforestry component and its potential to foster climate resilience through shared knowledge, inclusive decision-making, and long-term commitment.

The American Counseling Association, 2014, and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Programs, 2024, recognize the severe risks of Burnout & Compassion Fatigue and advocate for effective prevention measures. In collaboration with NAADAC- The Association for Addiction Professionals, a study was conducted comprising semi-structured interviews of qualifying addiction counselors to document their lived experiences of resiliency in the profession. This article aims to outline the effective personal strategies of addiction counselors that facilitate resilience. This could potentially lead to increasing an addiction counselor’s longevity in the field and supporting other healthcare clinicians who experience high levels of burnout and compassion fatigue.
Keywords: wellness; burnout; fatigue; resiliency; counselor education

Background: Hand osteoarthritis, a disabling painful health condition, has been a topic of great interest to clinicians, patients, and researchers for many years with no definitive consensus on its origins or most efficacious form of treatment or prevention. While various determinants such as age and genetics or both have been proposed to have an influence on this condition, what does the current literature imply?
Aim: Following a comprehensive review conducted in 2023, this mini review sought to examine what researchers have reported over the past 2024 period concerning hand osteoarthritis and the possible role one or more muscle function deficits may play in the disease onset and progression, if any.
Methods: Available English language related literature housed in PUBMED were searched.
Results: Cumulative findings appear to support an important future role for efforts to examine biomechanical disease correlates among other measures to heighten evaluation accuracy.
Conclusion: Future well-designed studies of various hand osteoarthritis samples using clinically relevant biomechanical, neurological, and biochemical outcome instruments are likely to prove extremely valuable in explaining the disease variation, who is at risk or not, some aspects of hand osteoarthritis etiology and modes of averting both the onset and progression of its disabling and costly manifestations.
Keywords: Biomechanics; Hand Function; Hand Osteoarthritis; Intervention; Older Adults

This research examines the characteristics individuals utilize when selecting a primary care provider in their local area. The paper demonstrates the utility of employing large language models (LLM) like ChatGPT 5 to: define a scenario, prompt the model to respond with various perspectives, key aspects relevant to those perspectives, exhibit thought processes of the perspectives, and then conduct an in-depth analysis of the model's generated information. The complete analysis enables the user to get a thorough understanding of a subject within 30 minutes cost-effectively, quickly, and with the option to make revisions. The method is shown in this paper and may be used in other scenarios where human attitudes are crucial. The approach does not presuppose the accuracy of clinical or technical aspects, which may be readily confirmed by other scientific disciplines. The goal is to improve early-stage thinking by exploring how individuals perceive a situation.
Keywords: Generative AI; Large Language Models in Healthcare Research; Mind Genomics; Primary Care Physician Selection

Dermatoglyphics is the study of various patterns and configurations of fingers, and palms, soles. This could be used as an adjunct in preliminary diagnosis. Many studies in literature have shown an association between these dermal configurations and dental diseases. Early detection is very important in controlling dental diseases. As dermatoglyphics appear at a very early stage of life and remain constant throughout, this could be a very important diagnostic tool if proved. This article aims to highlight the various types of dermatoglyphic patterns, advantages, limitations and its associations with various dental diseases.
Keywords: dermatoglyphics; fingerprint; dentistry

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (SCNECC) is an aggressive and rare malignancy accounting for less than 5% of cervical cancers. This case report discusses a 50-year-old woman presenting with vaginal discharge and spotting, later diagnosed with FIGO stage IIIc1 SCNECC. Histology confirmed HPV 18-associated small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix, with imaging revealing pathological pelvic lymph nodes in the absence of distant metastasis . A multidisciplinary approach recommended chemotherapy and radiotherapy as the treatment strategy. The report underlines the diagnostic challenges, poor prognosis, and need for multimodal management while advocating for research into targeted therapies to improve outcomes.
Keywords: Small Cell Neuroendocrine Cervical Carcinoma; Cervical Cancer; Human papillomavirus; Imaging; Prognosis

Not all Brazilians like football! There are two of us Brazilians who, despite liking and playing sports, might be excluded from the great hall of fans. So there is no idolisation, either of football or of people related to football.

Not all Brazilians like soccer! We are two Brazilians who, although we enjoy and practice sports, may be excluded from the vast group of soccer fans. Therefore, there is no idolatry, neither toward soccer, nor regarding anyone associated with soccer.

Due to the power and breadth of the internet and globalisation, footballers end up becoming influencers. They launch fashion! And fashion is not always interesting!

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is a high value and low volume fruit crop that is highly appreciated worldwide for its good taste, aroma as well as health benefits. The present study was conducted to determine if the pre-harvest foliar application of ZnSO₄ and ZnO nanoparticles or their combination influences plant growth, fruit quality, yield as well as fruit and leaves Zn content in strawberry crop variety Camarosa. The study was conducted at Experimental Farm Chhapang, Department of Horticulture, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib during 2019-20 and laid out in Randomized Block Design. The treatments consisted of 10 treatment combinations of various concentrations of ZnSO₄ and ZnO nanoparticles along with control replicated thrice. Foliar application was given 45 days after transplanting of crop. The observations were recorded in terms of vegetative, quality and yield parameters along with concentrations of Zn present in leaves and fruits. Results indicated that among different treatments applied the combination comprising of ZnSO₄ @ 0.3%+ ZnO NPs @ 150 ppm recorded best results in terms of all quantitative and qualitative characters. Also same treatment recorded maximum retention of Zn in fruits as well as leaves. In addition the health risk index for Zn content was less than, which proved that the application of ZnSO₄ and ZnO nanoparticles to strawberry does not cause any risk to human health.

Technological advances, sustainable methods, and innovative production and resource management are transforming agriculture. Precision farming, biotechnology, vertical farming, and smart irrigation systems are discussed in this paper. Precision agriculture utilizes GPS, IoT sensors, and data analytics to boost crop yields, cut waste, and improve decision-making. GMOs and CRISPR gene editing are improving agricultural tolerance to pests, diseases, and climate change. Vertical farming and hydroponics reduce land and water use for urban food production. Renewable energy integration, automation, and AI enable cost-effective, scalable, and eco-friendly farming. These inventions aim to solve food security, climate change, and resource shortages, assuring a sustainable agricultural future. Cost, accessibility, and regulatory issues must be addressed to promote their wider use. Innovation is crucial to sustainable agriculture and addressing the needs of a growing global population, as this study shows.
Keywords: Agroforestry; Precision Agriculture; Sustainable Farming; Biotechnology; Organic Farming; Genetic Engineering