Medicon Publications

We discuss an unsaturated fatty acid with the anticancer effect to start γ-linolenic acid, following a series of linoleic acids like arachidonic acid, an essential fatty acid to the body. On the other hand, heavy water, one of the hydrogen isotopes, relates to the Raman signal with biological materials added to suppress the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids. Specially processed water comes into our theme in connection with heavy water possessing neutron-decay characteristics, and the water changes the hydrogen in heavy water.

The scooter sharing system is a service that enables individuals to rent electric scooters for short term rides. The scooters are mostly electric motor scooters but there are some that are electric kick start. The purpose of this system is to transport people short distances in a safe and efficient way. This research was done to define and analyze the scooter sharing transportation system. System thinking is applied to understand, engineer and innovate the scooter sharing system. The scooter transportation system is defined as an interdependent constituent system that applies systemic tools and diagrams like systemigrams. These tools allow for the system properties to be studied along with the interrelationships. There will be different models of the scooter transportation system examined. The stakeholders will be examined to view the interconnections within the system.

This paper explores the cultural influences on the adoption of organic farming practices in Thailand, highlighting the interplay between traditional agricultural methods, community dynamics, and economic considerations. Despite the government's commitment to promoting organic agriculture through various initiatives, the transition from conventional to organic farming remains slow due to cultural resistance and a lack of clear policy direction. The study examines the significance of social networks, cultural beliefs, and generational differences in shaping farmers' attitudes toward organic practices. It emphasizes the need for a comprehensive policy framework that includes financial incentives, training programs, and improved certification processes to facilitate the adoption of organic farming. Additionally, the paper advocates for increased public awareness campaigns to educate consumers about the benefits of organic products, thereby enhancing market demand. By addressing cultural barriers and leveraging positive cultural values, the Thai government can foster a more conducive environment for the growth of organic agriculture, contributing to sustainable development and food security in the country.
Keywords: Organic Agriculture; Cultural Influences; Agricultural Practices; Sustainable Development; Farmer Education

The article considers innovative directions of development of forestry and agricultural machinery with intelligent control systems. Kinematics is considered on the example of a harvester with a multi-link manipulator and walking running equipment. Systems of equations characterizing the spatial position of working and running equipment with a large number of degrees of freedom are presented. The assessment of existing problems and development prospects is given.

Agriculture land in Egypt is paramount to the nation's economy, food security, and social fabric. Egypt's rich history of agriculture, dating back to ancient civilizations along the Nile, has shaped the country's identity and sustenance for millennia. Agriculture has been the lifeblood of Egypt for thousands of years, with the fertile Nile Delta and Nile Valley serving as the cradle of Egyptian civilization. The annual inundation of the Nile River, combined with innovative irrigation techniques developed over centuries, has allowed Egypt to sustain a thriving agricultural sector. Today, agricultural land in Egypt remains a cornerstone of the nation's economy, providing food, raw materials, and employment for millions. Small land holdings play a pivotal role in Egypt's agricultural landscape. These holdings are typically characterized by limited acreage, often less than two hectares, and are predominantly managed by individual families. Small-scale family farms form the backbone of Egypt's agricultural sector, contributing significantly to crop production, livestock rearing, and the livelihoods of rural communities (Muhammad,2018). Fragmented land indicates that it is divided among many legal heirs as it passes from one generation to another. Moreover, non-conducive government policies also lead to such fragmentation. It severely affects agriculture as the mechanization cannot be carried out on small fragmented land.
Due to this numerous adverse challenges are to be expected besides the direct loss of agricultural land due to urban settlement expansion and road network construction. Such effects are caused mainly due to the mechanisms of fragmentation; and division of large patches of agricultural land into smaller and smaller patches. This leads to Smaller land patches, which means higher agrarian costs and the inability to use new agricultural techniques that favor larger patches, added to the increased water requirements, loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and fertilizer leaching Plus the emissions from the urban settlements and the continuous traffic on the road networks, which lead to contamination of the soil and plants surrounding them (Mahmoud, 2014).
In Egypt, small land holdings are integral to achieving food security and economic stability. They facilitate diversified crop cultivation, promote local agricultural production, and empower individuals to contribute to the nation's self-sufficiency in staple crops such as wheat, rice, and vegetables. Lastly, these small-scale farms provide a safety net for millions of Egyptians, offering a source of income and subsistence.
Finally, this paper discussed the challenges of Egyptian land fragmentation and proposed several solutions to mitigate the socio-economic impacts in rural communities.
Keywords: Egypt; Fragmentation; Agricultural land holding; Socio-economic challenges

In this research work four methods are used to calculate the total amount of rainfall for the year 2024. These methods are: The Root Mean Square (RMS) method, The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method. The predicted rain amount for the coming year is the average of the four methods.
The prediction of this research work is compared with the average value of the last 32 years of rainfall history. The reason for this average value comparison is that the distribution of the rainfall has been earlier found to have a normal distribution where the most probable value is the mean value for this kind of distribution [5].

Global crop production must substantially increase to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population (8.2 billion in 2024). This is constrained by the availability of nutrients, water and land. There is also an urgent need to reduce the negative environmental impacts of crop production. Collectively, these issues represent one of the greatest challenge of the 21st century (Jeffery A., 2020). Sustainable cropping systems should be based on ecological principles which are the core of integrated approaches to solve the many challenges those are being faced by the large human population in India. Keeping in view the facts in to account, some emerging newly alternative cropping systems have been developed to resolve the present constraints (Meena et al. 2023).The innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture are integrated nutrient management via inclusion of green manure crops/ cover crops and mulching of soil surface through agriculture based byproducts.

As an effective way of large-scale consumption of renewable energy for power generation, off grid hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis systems face multiple challenges in terms of stability and economic operation. The key is how to reasonably allocate the number of electrolytic cells and ammonia load to ensure stable operation of the system throughout the year. In response to these technical difficulties, this article constructs an 8760 hours renewable energy electric hydrogen synthesis ammonia production simulation model that comprehensively considers the abandonment rate and load stability. A reasonable operation planning method for the number of electrolytic cell startups and ammonia load has been proposed. On the premise of ensuring compliance with system constraints, the model can dynamically adjust the number of start-up units, optimize ammonia load, and achieve efficient utilization of wind and solar resources. To verify the actual effectiveness of this method, this article selects a specific case study from Da'an District, Jilin Province for analysis. The results indicate that the planning method proposed in this article not only successfully simulated the production process of ammonia through electric hydrogen synthesis based on 8760 hours of off grid renewable energy, but also significantly improved the rationality of the off-grid system.
Keywords: Renewable energy; Off-grid system; Electric hydrogen production; Synthetic ammonia

The transformative implications of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the teaching and learning fraternity has necessitated its integration in the classroom, globally. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the quest for integration in individual school contexts remains an uphill task despite ICT integration being a policy prerogative in a number of countries. This survey has the sole objective of unpacking how the teaching and learning process has been affected due to lack of ICT resources. By use of a simple questionnaire, the researcher made use of semi-structured interviews in order to solicit data from educators in selected South African primary schools. The interviews were transcribed manually and coded. The data analysis process was conducted by use of a thematic mode of analysis. The findings demonstrated that, due to several reasons, many schools do not make use of ICT tools in teaching and learning, as expected, and in most cases, they do not maximise the use of the existing resources, thus affecting the teaching and learning processes. The reasearcher recommends that the South African Department of Basic Education (DBE) seriously take into consideration individual school contexts when allocating ICT resources in order to try and mitigate the challenges. Stepping up monitoring and evaluation mechanisms that currently exist will help identify contextual challenges and help with providing assistance where necessary. Security issues also call for schools to team up with local communities to try and fight the theft and vandalisation of IT resources. All these measures are meant to facilitate the preservation and use of ICT resources in the classroom for the improvement of the learning process.
Keywords: Primary education; ICT integration; information and communication technology; teaching and learning

In the fast-paced landscape of contemporary education, Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) education stands as a vanguard aimed at equipping students with the skills required for the 21st century. Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) alone has proven to miss several components that are critical for children and students to thrive in the 21^st century economy, in terms of application, creation, innovation and ingenuity. As such, STEAM can complete the package of benefits to students by integrating arts principles, which allows them to connect their learning to wonder, critique, inquiry, and innovation. While STEAM education is increasingly recognized as a crucial educational approach, the precise role of research within it and how it can be effectively formalized remains a topic of inquiry. In recent years, there have been emerging methodologies that integrate STEAM in education, and which offer pedagogical alternatives that are more holistic and attractive, and which offer prospects to formalize research in science education. This qualitative systematic review embarks on an exploration of the pivotal role of reading and research within STEAM education, addressing the need to formalize innovation in science education. Data for this systematic review have been sourced from peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and reports that focus on qualitative research within STEM and STEAM education. The systematic review involved data extraction, coding, and thematic analysis using the COSTAQDA cloud-based software.
Keywords: Innovation; Research; STEM; STEAM

A few network security communities of security practitioners, researchers, hackers, attackers etc. frequently use Black-Listed IP addresses; they also use them as target IP addresses for exercising various network attacks while learning and practicing hacking or security analysis. These IP addresses may be in previous few occasions black-listed or blocked; if not, they may get eventually be black-listed too. A few ISPs in developing and least developing countries purchase such black-listed or blocked IP addresses (BLIP) in much cheaper price and distribute to their Internet users.

Children learn language through stimulation and exposure to the environment during their critical period of development. In earlier times children were more socially engaged, however these days they spend more time with electronic screen media. This increased screen time in young children has been associated with detrimental health effects, including reduced cognitive function, delayed language development, and behaviors like short attention spans, irritability, which led to the development of new term known as Virtual Autism. Virtual Autism is also known as Digital Autism or Screen time Autism, refers to a condition where individuals exhibit autistic like symptoms such as social withdrawal and communication difficulties, primarily triggered by excessive screen time and digital interactions. Virtual Autism can affect individual of various ages but research suggests that excessive screen time and digital exposure can impact as early as infancy (6-12 months) and toddlerhood (1-3 years). This concept is not recognized as a distinct medical diagnosis but rather as a subset of symptoms associated with prolonged exposure to digital media. Research suggests that it can exacerbate existing Autism spectrum disorders(ASD), and Virtual Autism can also be reversed with reduced screen exposure and balanced digital habits. As technology continues to dominate, understanding virtual autism’s implications is crucial for promoting healthy digital habits. Preventing virtual autism requires a holistic approach involving parents, educators, and policymakers. Key steps include setting a screen time limit, selecting age-appropriate content, promoting physical activity and outdoor play, nurturing in-person relationships, teaching digital literacy, parental supervision, professional guidance, and parental and educational roles.

A brain abscess, an intracerebral purulent collection caused by bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections, often arises from primary infectious foci in the ENT sphere or by contiguity. Although rare, it poses significant risks, especially in vulnerable populations such as pregnant women. This report presents the case of a 24-year-old woman at 29 weeks of amenorrhea, admitted for progressive worsening headaches. Initial symptoms included nocturnal paroxysms with bilateral frontal location radiating to the neck, evolving into language disorders and right hemibody functional impairment without convulsive seizures, all in a febrile context suggesting an infection. Notably, the patient had undergone a pus drainage procedure for odontogenic cellulitis one week prior. Clinical examination revealed febrile status, meningeal syndrome, and neurological deficits including dysarthria and right hemiparesis. MRI results showed multiple brain abscesses with peri-lesional cerebral edema. Antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy yielded significant clinical improvement. However, post-treatment imaging revealed hydrocephalus, necessitating extended antibiotic therapy. This case underscores the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of ENT infections to prevent severe intracerebral complications, particularly in immunocompromised patients.

Anaemia is an error in the biological system which can lead to mortality if the condition deteriorates. India is one of the world’s leading contributors of anaemia. The major reason for this disease is malnutrition and women of reproductive age (WRA) and children are one of the most vulnerable groups to this condition and maternal anaemia is associated with increased mortality. Here in this work, we have compared two devices Device A (HemoQR) and Device B [Haematology Analyzer-Fully Automated-5 parts (Erba H560)] in hospital camp setup using 280 samples from patients of different age groups using fingertip pricked blood for the test. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy obtained from our study was 92.06 %, 98.67 % and 95.75 % respectively. The results of this study were satisfactory when compared to the criteria of Anemia Mukt Bharat” (AMB) program initiated by the government of India’s Ministry of Health & Family Welfare which states a sensitivity and specificity of 80% minimum for an invasive digital hemoglobinometer. The results of this study concludes that HemoQR can be an efficient, economical and smart point of care (POC) haemoglobin (Hb) detection test system using a mobile based application for analysing and collecting the data.

Background: Dengue fever has been known for more than a century in the tropical countries. Dengue fever is now the most common cause of arboviral disease in the world, with an estimated annual occurrence of 100 million cases  and a mortality rate of 25,000 per year. Dengue is diagnosed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and detection of NS1 antigen with corresponding IgM, IgG antibodies by Enzyme immunoassay & Immunochromatographic test. These tests are expensive and may not be available in the periphery. So, the routinely performed hematological parameters and correlation with biochemical parameters will aid in the diagnosis of Dengue Fever.
Objective:  To assess the biochemical markers of renal and liver function, and the hematological markers in dengue fever and to assess correlation of biochemical and hematological parameters with severity of dengue fever.
Methods: This was a record - based study. Data of patients (demographic, clinical details) was collected from hospital information system. Hematological parameters: Hematocrit, total blood count, total WBC count, Total RBC count, Platelet count and Biochemical markers of liver function: Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, total protein, albumin, A\G ratio, ALT, AST and ALP was retrieved from laboratory information system. The collected data were analyzed for frequency, percentage and mean± SD.
Results: The study was carried out on a total of 170 participants, including 115(68%) male and 55(32%) females. Hematological findings like reduced platelet count and raised leucocytes were seen in majority of the cases. Biochemical findings like raised AST and ALT were seen.
Conclusion:  Thrombocytopenia, raised total leucocyte count, raised AST and ALT will aid in early diagnosis of Dengue infection. Early recognition and prevention rather than treatment of complications is most important for favourable outcome of the disease.
Keywords: Dengue fever; Thrombocytopenia; Hematological and Biochemical parameters

Introduction: The medical tourism growth along with insurance and corporate, which has increased the demand for quality healthcare, made it create national and international accreditation bodies where care quality is brought in a harmonized way. Accreditation also plays a vital role in building service excellence and patient safety through NABH and JCI frameworks.
Aim: This study aims at investigating different accreditation systems and their benefits to the patients in a selected hospital in Bangalore.
Objectives: The study has been enumerated in two primary objectives, and these are: (1) an investigation of the various accreditation systems available for hospital healthcare in Karnataka and (2) assessment of the benefits and patient satisfaction in the chosen hospital.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. Data regarding the primary and secondary sources were collected. Primary data were collected from structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with 100 inpatients, whereas the secondary data were derived from literature pertinent to the area of study. This research has been conducted using a simple random sampling technique and analyzed using frequencies and percentages over a period of 3-4 months.
Result: The findings indicate the ways in which Karnataka accreditation systems, particularly NABH and NQAS, can increase patient safety and improve the quality of care. The patients reported high percentages of access, convenience, and continuity of care with excellent communication among staff. The overall patient dissatisfaction was remarkably low except for some of the areas for improvement. The findings indicated that the accredited hospitals have a proportionate increase in the quality of services and patient safety.
Conclusion: This study will, therefore, underpin the significance of accreditation in healthcare and further proposes some future directions for the improvement of patient satisfaction.
Keywords: Hospital Accreditation; Patient Satisfaction; Quality Healthcare; NABH; ISO; NQAS; Medical Tourism

Social jetlag refers to the disruption in natural sleep –wake cycle in scientific term the circadian rhythm. It is commonly due to social or work-related obligations. It can cause acute or chronic effects, which vary from fatigue, mood disturbances and impaired cognitive function to increased risk of chronic metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The preventive strategies rest on establishing consistent sleep schedule to avoid or reduce social jetlag and reinforcing the natural sleep-wake cycle.
Keywords: Circadian rhythm; Cardio-metabolic diseases; Night shift

We reported that the multiple bone marrow used to treat and remedy drinking SIGN water led to the reduction of the cancer cells of multiple myeloma from standpoints of the total system in our body. That is why we discuss the SIGN water’s work along the electrical circuit, and we consider the cancer similar to the resistor. The condenser stores electrons and the coil provides them through acupuncture in the body even skin. The infoton in the SIGN water generates magneticity with an electron through coils similar to acupuncture. We propose that magneticity may transfer information with the infoton involving a charge and spin. The essential point is to activate the normal cells around bone marrow due to the infoton resulting in the disappearance of the cancer cells.

Few discoveries and research in medical innovation have had the transformative potential of gene therapy. Amongst the most significant recent developments is Zolgensma, a pioneering spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) treatment. This infrequent but devastating genetic disorder disturbs the motor nerve cells in the spinal cord and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and paralysis.
SMA has long been a source of despair for families worldwide; it claims the lives of many children before their second birthday. However, the advent of Zolgensma, approved by the FDA in 2019, represents a beacon of hope for families grappling with this disease, often seen as a death sentence for infants.

The operating temperature of photovoltaic cells is an important parameter that influences their conversion efficiency. High operating temperatures greatly determine the maximum output power for the same conditions of solar radiation. In this paper a numerical approach have been conducted on a tandem solar cell of area 50x50 mm² so as to analyse the temperature variation of a solar cell kept in a tandem. This paper includes three tandem solar cells with different combinations of the top cell and bottom cell. A detailed study of thermal analysis on various type of tandem solar cells is carried out in the hilly regions. The tandem solar cells considered are mono- crystalline silicon-MAPbI₃ tandem, mono-crystalline silicon-MAPbBr₃ tandem and MAPbI₃ - MAPbBr₃ tandem. The trend in temperature variation with time is witnessed wherein the temperature difference between the top cell and bottom cell is also observed. The efficiency of the cells are calculated individually and the efficiency of the tandem is also calculated. The thermo physical property values used in the paper like thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and density were collected and chosen from different papers mentioned in the reference. All the calculation’s data that is the temperature, input power and the efficiency of tandem solar cell is with respect to the solar irradiation for the coordinate 88.6138 °E, 27.3314 °N GMT +5:30. The solar power and efficiency for different tandem cells has been compared for the whole day starting from 10 AM to 5 PM for a week. From the study the maximum power conversion efficiency obtained for MAPbI₃ - MAPbBr₃ tandem is 43.78% and minimum for silicon-MAPbI₃ tandem is 35.25%. The average power obtained highest for MAPbI₃ - MAPbBr₃ is 55.79W and lowest for silicon-MAPbI₃ tandem is 45.08W. The solar flux intensity is gradually increases and then decreases from 10 AM to 5 PM, the peak value of 908 W/m² is obtained at 11 AM of the day.
Keywords: Mono-crystalline silicon-MAPbI₃ tandem; silicon-MAPbBr₃ tandem; MAPbI₃ - MAPbBr₃ tandem solar cells; Power conversion efficiency; thermal analysis; simulation

The advent of ChatGPT and other generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools has sparked significant discourse in academic writing, raising both opportunities and challenges. This study examines the impact of ChatGPT on academic writing, particularly in higher education, with a focus on South Africa but extending a global perspective. The primary concerns revolve around the accuracy of AI-generated content and ethical issues like plagiarism, which threaten academic integrity. The problem statement identifies the core issue as the ethical and effective integration of ChatGPT in academic writing, affecting students, faculty, and researchers who utilize these tools. The purpose of this research is to critically analyze the challenges and benefits of using ChatGPT in academic writing and to develop recommendations for its ethical and effective use. Utilizing a systematic review methodology with a mapping review design, the study synthesizes literature from 22 countries, providing a broad understanding of the global perspective on GAI tools in academia.
The findings reveal that while ChatGPT can significantly enhance productivity, improve language support for non-native English speakers, and provide immediate feedback, it also poses risks related to plagiarism, accuracy, and over-reliance on AI. Ethical concerns are paramount, with the need for transparent disclosure of AI use, proper attribution, and policies to prevent misuse. To address these issues, the study proposes the OTHA (Openness, Transparency, Honesty, and Accountability) Framework. This framework aims to guide the ethical integration of ChatGPT by fostering a collaborative approach, ensuring transparency in AI use, promoting ethical training, and establishing accountability mechanisms. The study recommends comprehensive policies, targeted training, equitable access to AI tools, and regular monitoring and evaluation to ensure responsible AI use in academic settings. By implementing these recommendations, educational institutions can leverage the benefits of ChatGPT while maintaining academic integrity and promoting inclusive educational practices.
Keywords: Academic Writing; Artificial Intelligence; ChatGPT; Education Policy; Generative AI; Higher Education

Antenna designers are constantly challenged with the temptation to search for optimum solutions for complex Electromagnetic device designs. The ever- increasing advances in computational power have fuelled this temptation. The well-known brute force design methodologies are systematically being replaced by the state-of-the-art optimization techniques. The ability of using numerical methods to accurately and efficiently characterize the relative quality of a particular design has excited the EM engineers to apply stochastic global Evolutionary optimizers (EO). The EO techniques have been applied with growing applications to the design of Electromagnetic systems of increasing complexity. The recent popularity experienced by EO methods is not unique to the field of Electromagnetics. Among various EO techniques, the Improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) has attracted considerable attention. These schemes are finding popularity within Electromagnetic community as design tools and problem solvers because of their versatility and ability to optimize in complex multimodal search spaces applied to non-differentiable cost functions. The overall radiation pattern of the antenna array can be shaped by the structure of the array, distance between the elements and its amplitude and phase excitations. Synthesis of linear arrays have been extensively studied from the past decades. Applied to linear antenna array optimization to optimize the excitation weights and element positions for better side lobe level reduction and advanced null control have been studied. IPSO has been used to non-uniformly optimize the element positions to produce a minimum side lobe level with no back lobes pattern of the linear antenna array. The design of linear array for applications in Wi-Max (World wide Interoperability for Microwave access) base stations for improved signal to interference ratio, lower cost, resistance to multipath and fading, improved co-channel Interference, enhanced frequency reuse, improved spectral efficiency and space-time diversity for MIMO channels in Wireless communications is a burning topic of discussion nowadays in the Electromagnetic Community.

Cement has been a part of almost everything that man has built to improve his life. The chemistry and technology involved in its production have significantly contributed to the development of the world that we have today. The cement industry is one of the largest industrial energy consumers, contributing significantly to global CO2 emissions. Enhancing energy efficiency in the cement industry is crucial due to its high energy consumption and significant carbon emissions. The industry is responsible for approximately 7-8% of global CO2 emissions, making energy efficiency improvements a key strategy for reducing its environmental impact. The present paper will study the energy consumption in cement industry in Nigeria through real auditing and identify technological opportunities in order to decrease energy consumption of the relevant factories, increase the productivity, and improve the production process. Relevant standards planned by government that can provide significant potentials, are discussed too, Moreover, the results prove that consulting sector experts enables the collection of updated ideas for improving technologies, thus giving valuable inputs to the scientific research. One of the challenges for the cement industry in developing countries is the wet manufacturing process. Outdated technologies consume a huge amount of energy, which negatively affects the competitiveness of products. In addition to switching to a dry process in cement production, our engineering company implements other projects leading to increase the efficiency of existing cement plants. This includes the modernization of cement kilns, the introduction of vertical cement mills, as well as the design and installation of renewable energy equipment. The increase in production and efficiency is reflected in the achievement of the impressive financial results that our customers demonstrate shortly after modernization.
Keywords: Cement Industry; Energy Efficiency; CO2 Emissions; Industrial Energy

Third places are those which have emerged to become points of positive social interaction between users of cities. They allow more connection between people in a way that fills the blank in communities. This paper tracks, studies and analyses types of third places along time and how they have been formed to fulfill and suit needs of people. It also compares between different types regarding communities and users. It hypothesizes that suitable third places differ from a place to another according to types of users.
Keywords: Third Places; Social Interaction; Connection

During the intense pandemic, a new and initially unpopular concept emerged: working from home. As everyone was forced to stay inside, businesses couldn't come to a halt. So, a new way of working was introduced: setting up virtual offices at home, allowing employees to work and communicate with colleagues online. Although the traditional office environment was missing, many companies found that employees' productivity increased significantly.

78 pollen loads recovered directly from the honeycombs of Apis dorsata (Rock Bee) collected in 29 March 2012 to 31 may 2013 from Moudholi and Chandankheda forest area of bhadrawati Tahsil of Chandrapur District of Maharashtra State, were analysed. 32 (41.02%) pollen loads were found to be Uniforal, 31 (39.74%) bifloral and 15 (19.23%) multifloral. The Unifloral pollen loads were contained Terminalia sp. and Mangifera indica. The pollen of Terminalia sp. was recovered from 71 (91.02%) of the total pollen loads studied. The study high lights Terminalia sp. (combretrceace) do the major pollen source and Mangifera indica (Anacardeaceae), Delonix regia (Caesalpiniaceae), Prosopis juliflora (Mimosaceae) as fairly important sources of pollen of the honeybees during the summer period.
Keywords: Pollen Sources; Honeybee; Bhadrawati Tahsil. forest area

Biotechnology, with its roots in molecular biology, is a powerful tool in agriculture. It has already shown its transformative impact by enhancing crop yields, improving resistance to pests and diseases, and promoting sustainable farming practices. These innovative solutions are particularly crucial in the face of challenges posed by climate change and food security. Biotechnologies significantly improve animal productivity, disease resistance, and sustainability while contributing to medical advancements such as recombinant vaccines and research into human diseases. rDNA technology has enhanced food quality and nutritional value. However, the application of biotechnology in agriculture faces several critical challenges. The lack of standardized regulations across countries complicates international trade and collaboration. Another challenge is the financial and technical barriers to access. However, perhaps the most urgent need is for adequate training and education to ensure farmers can effectively utilize biotechnological tools. Despite the challenges, the prospects of biotechnology in agriculture are promising, potentially enhancing food production and sustainability significantly. Biotechnology can be crucial in improving food quality and safety.
Keywords: Agriculture; Application; Biotechnology; Crops; Technology

Field experiments were conducted at Regional Research Station farm, Paiyur, India during 2014-2016 in vegetable field bean under rain fed conditions to study the efficacy of insecticide molecules viz., Novaluran, Rynaxiper, Emamectin benzoate, Spinosad, Flubendanide, and Indoxicarb along with untreated check was evaluated for the management of vegetable field bean pod borer complex. The two season results indicate that Flubendanide 480 SC 0.4 ml/lit was found to be the best chemical for the management of pod borer complex in vegetable field bean (Mochai) in terms of higher larval reduction (96.1 per cent), lower pod damage (4.40 per cent) translating into higher green pod yield (2,340 Kg/ha) and monetary returns (Rupees 15,853 net profit/ha) with no residue deducted at test concentration. The other promising treatments with distinct advantage were Indoxicarb 14.5 SC @ 0.5 ml/lit and Emamectin benzoate 5 SG 0.2 g/lit which can be used for cost effective management of pod borer complex in field bean.
Keywords: Pod borers; Novaluran; Rynaxiper; Emamectin benzoate; Spinosad; flubendamide; Indoxicarb

Climate change poses a significant threat to global agriculture, with rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and altered precipitation patterns disrupting food production. As we seek sustainable solutions, the role of microbial communities emerges as a promising avenue for mitigating climate change's impact on agriculture. This paper explores the multifaceted contributions of microbes to agricultural sustainability, focusing on their ability to enhance carbon sequestration, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve soil health.

Basically, climate change is the increase in the atmospheric temperature due to enhanced levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) i.e. CO₂, Methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in the atmosphere. It is manifested in terms of occurrence and repetition of events like droughts, melting of glaciers and rising sea levels. Climate change affects directly or indirectly the agricultural activity including crops, soils, livestock and pests. Directly, increase in temperature reduces crop duration, increase crop respiration rate, alteration in photosynthesis process, survival and distribution of pest population, hasten nutrient mineralization in soils, decrease fertilizer use efficiency and increase evapo-transpiration. Indirectly, it influences agricultural land use pattern, intensity of droughts and floods, soil organic matter transformation, soil erosion, changes in pest complex and decline in arable areas. In India, where half of the agricultural land is rainfed, climate change directly affects crop yields, soil processes, water availability, and pest dynamics (Pathak, 2023).

The global climate is experiencing significant shifts and one of the most profound impacts is being observed in the hydrological regimes of river basins. As climate change alters precipitation patterns, evaporation rates, and snowmelt dynamics, the hydrological cycle at the basin level is being reshaped. This transformation has critical implications for water resources, agriculture, ecosystems, and human settlements.

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms preexisting beliefs, and significantly impacts healthcare and patient outcomes. This literature review explores the various impacts of confirmation bias on medical professionals, patients, caregivers, etc, and draws from a variety of studies, observations, and surveys. For healthcare providers, confirmation bias can result in diagnostic errors, specified treatment decisions, and biased/skewed interpretation of data regarding a patient which has detrimental effects on clinical judgments and healthcare quality. Similarly, on the patient side, confirmation bias influences health behaviors, following medical advice, and thoughts regarding illnesses, which cause adverse health outcomes. The review emphasizes key mechanisms by which confirmation bias appears in clinical settings, including cognitive heuristics, diagnostic anchoring, and patient-practitioner interactions. Furthermore, the review discusses ways to alleviate the negative impacts of confirmation bias, such as incorporating specified guidelines, increasing training and awareness, and enhancing open communication. By understanding current research, this literature review emphasizes the need for proactive measures addressing confirmation bias to improve decision-making processes and healthcare solutions/outcomes in medical practice.

Digital devices have become essential in our lives. They're used for work, school, and fun. In particular mobile gaming has become more popular, especially among young adults. Millions of people play games on mobile which keeps growing yearly. Mobile gaming is becoming increasingly popular, with serious health concerns. The visual and physical demands during prolonged mobile gaming due to smaller screen size and poor posture, have potentially negative consequences such as visual problems, musculoskeletal discomfort, sleep disorders, stress, and behavioral concerns. Despite these issues, mobile gaming has cognitive advantages, such as better memory, concentration, problem-solving abilities, and response times, particularly in action games. Adopting good gaming habits with a balanced diet is crucial to reducing health concerns. Addressing the health consequences of mobile gaming is critical as its popularity grows, demanding further study to better understand long-term implications and develop effective measures for encouraging healthy gaming behaviors.
Keywords: Mobile gaming; Health; Digital Devices; Ocular health

VI is a worldwide societal issue with significant economic and social consequences. This review provides an overview of the economic burden due to the direct costs of health care, loss of productivity, and costs of informal care. In developed countries such as the United States, the estimated cost of VI from an economic viewpoint is in billions of dollars annually. In developing countries, such as India, the economic loss is even more. The review also underlines the consequences of socio-economic inequity, which further heightens the burden that is imposed by VI, especially in those settings where eye care services are scarce. These results point to the urgent need for better eye care infrastructure and targeted public health interventions, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, to reduce economic and social burdens from VI and improve quality of life among affected individuals.
Keywords: vision impairment; economic burden; health care costs; productivity loss; socio-economic inequalities; eye care services

Infectious keratitis(infectious corneal ulceration) is the fifth leading cause of preventable blindness globally. However, it continues to be a neglected health problem, and is rarely considered to be an environmental work hazard. This is surprising since 20 % to 92 % of infectious keratitis, especially in Asia, is reported to occur following ocular trauma in workers engaged in agricultural chores or other forms of outdoor manual labour. Reported traumatising agents include mud and dust particles and plant material (leaves, tree branches, paddy grain), cow’s tail, sticks, stones and iron particles. Any form of corneal damage is a potential threat to vision, and unilateral or bilateral corneal blindness resulting from infectious keratitis is a devastating economic and psychological occurrence for any individual. Individuals with unilateral or bilateral corneal opacity arising from infectious keratitis have been found to suffer from disturbances in vision-specific mobility (general function), psychosocial vision and visual symptoms, resulting in a poorer vision-related quality of life than normal individuals. Treatment of infectious keratitis may take several days, hence cost of treatment may be prohibitive. Since prompt prophylactic treatment of corneal abrasions with antibacterial and antifungal ointment has been shown to prevent occurrence of infectious keratitis, committed grassroots workers and a fairly extensive rural health network are needed to make this a reality. Campaigns (either official or by word of mouth) are needed make the general public aware of this condition and its possible prevention.
Keywords: infectious keratitis; ocular trauma; prevention; vision-specific quality of life

Background: Right atrial thrombus (RAT) is a rare finding that is almost exclusively found complicating pulmonary embolism (PE) and carries a high mortality rate. Emergency treatment is usually required to save life. There is no algorithmic approach of the management of this condition due to the lack of evidence-based guidelines and randomized control trials. Management of RAT is still a subject of debate.
Objective: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of thrombolysis in resolution of right atrial thrombus.
Case Report: Sixty one year-old female, presented with a history of fainting, exertional dyspnea, easy fatigability, and lower limb swelling. A transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed a right atrial mass that was moving into right ventricle. Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) confirmed a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
The patient was thrombolysed with tenectaplase and a repeat TTE confirmed that the thrombus had resolved with and improvement in the patient’s clinical symptoms.
Discussion: This demonstrates thrombolysis is a rapid and life-saving therapeutic measure reducing the risk of death from thromboembolism.
Keywords: Cardiac Thrombus; Pulmonary Thromboembolism; Thrombolysis

Although relatively rare in developed countries, ileal perforations of typhoid origin are a public health problem in developing countries, particularly in Mali.

The aim of our study was to study ileal perforations of typhoid origin in the surgery department of the Sominé Dolo Hospital in Mopti.

This was a prospective study that took place from November 1, 2017 to October 31, November 2018, i.e. 12 months.

During this study, we observed 58 cases of ileal perforations of typhoid origin, i.e. 8.41% of emergency consultations.

It is a pathology of young people with an average age of 19.7 years.

We found a predominance of men (63.8% males) with a sex ratio of 1.76.

Emergency was the most frequent method of recruitment (91.4%).

The mean time to consultation was 13.1 days after symptoms.

Among the signs suggestive of intestinal perforation, abdominal pain (100%), abdominal defense or contracture (100%), pain on digital rectal examination (94.9%) and abolition of abdominal breathing (74.1%) were the most frequent. Radiography of the abdomen without preparation taking the diaphragmatic cupolas suspected the diagnosis of intestinal perforation through the intercosto-diapragmatic crescent gas in 53.4% of cases.

Widal's serodiagnosis was positive in 74.1% of cases.

Excision-suture was the most used operative technique in our series (58.6%).

Early morbidity was 51.5% and overall mortality was 29.3%, i.e.

17 deaths out of 58 cases of ileal perforations of typhoid origin.

Keywords: Peritonitis; Typhoid; Perforation; Ileum; Surgery

The possibility of regenerating teeth in people who lose them for varied different reasons is the following step that scientists involved in Regenerative cure are aiming for. The idea of replacing missing teeth with an own individual’s regenerated natural teeth is every Dentist's dream!

Epilepsy monitoring equipment has recently shown innovative promises for metaverse-integrated devices tailored for professional pediatric use. The specification emphasizes critical biomechanical elements, including structure-to-topology optimization, for weight and durability. Key components are collected by a scoped review of books from the identification used for the design. Key components reveal high-stress areas, optimize material efficiency, and ensure biocompatibility through careful material selection. Ergonomics and comfort are prioritized for long-term wear by children, along with considerations for the device's lifespan and durability. The device's integration with Metaverse facilitates real-time monitoring and more extended data collection. The specification also outlines qualification and validation protocols. Further refinement could benefit from additional details, as simulating sensor placement, specific wear locations, and data on typical wear patterns and stress points.
Keywords: Biomechanics; User Requirements; IoT-based device; Epilepsy monitoring; Mechanical design

In the Republic of Guinea, many populations still suffer of water shortages today, particularly in the capital Conakry. The reasons include the rapid increase in population and the lack of water supply infrastructure as well as the degradation of certain fresh water resources due to human activities. In this context, new water supply technologies must be considered. This paper propose a model for transforming seawater into drinking water. The method used is thermal distillation. To achieve this objective, seawater samples were collected in Banares beach to determine the physicochemical parameters before and after treatment using electrometric and nephelometric experimental technic. Ten (10) liters of seawater were treated and 1.5 liters obtained after thermal distillation process. The seawater physicochemical parameters were compared before and after treatment. The results shown dissolved salt rate went from 95g/l to 0.7g/l after treatment (thermal distillation). The pH varied from 5.56 to 6.89 respectively before and after treatment (thermal distillation) showing a decrease of the seawater acidity. The conductivity before and after treatment are respectively 174300 and 1402 µs/cm indicating a drastic reduction of the seawater conductivity. The turbidity varied from 92.7 to 1.11 UTN respectively before and after treatment.
Keywords: Model; Desalination; Distillation; Seawater; Thermal; Transformation

The effects of multiple earthquakes of different frequency content on the global response of steel building are presented in this paper. Multiple earthquakes forming sequences as mainshock-aftershock pairs, three (3) steel moment resisting frames of 10-storey (H10), 15-storey (H15) and 20-storey (H20) were analyzed according to the code provisions of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016 using sequential nonlinear response history analyses. The frequency content of mainshock and aftershock records were varied based on the PGA/PGV ratio. The result produced expected differences in structural responses conditional on the frequency content and the dynamic characteristics of each model. The outcome is measurable differences in the structural response, with the inter-storey drift and other structural response parameters changing due to the different frequency characteristics of the aftershocks. It is expected that the conclusions drawn in this paper will lead to an improvement of the IS 1893 with regards to multiple earthquake effect for an improved design and construction of steel frame structures in India, which will lead to better seismic performance.
Keywords: foreshock; aftershock; ground motion; frequency content; steel building; earthquake

The X-ray is a fantastic invention that has found widespread use in the medical area and as a metal detector, among other things. However, because the conventional X-ray generating technique requires a high voltage of several kilovolts, it is expensive. Here, we've presented a reliable technique that makes use of quantum technology to produce X-rays with just a few volts. In addition, we have implemented an X-ray method for the identification of lung and breast cancer. The next step is precisely positioning gold nanowires for tailored drug delivery. The interaction of light with metal nanoparticles has been studied for a very long time, both theoretically and experimentally. Silver and gold nanoparticles, which usually have sizes between 5 and 150 nm, are very interesting because they have the ability to modify their binding affinity. This means that the formulation of the nanoparticles may be perfectly matched to a particular type of cancer by excitation with the resonance of the generated X-ray spectrum range. On the other hand, when these particles are arranged as grating elements in a gold nanowire network structure (AuNW), several interesting occurrences take place.
Keywords: Molecular FCN; QHO; X-ray; AuNW; Targeted drug delivery

This editorial explores the implementation of Digital Twin technology in personalized medicine. By creating virtual replicas of physical assets, Digital Twins enable real-time monitoring and data analysis, leading to significant improvements in equipment reliability and performance. This technology facilitates early detection of potential failures, reduces downtime, and optimizes maintenance schedules. Digital Twin technology stands out as a game-changer, bridging the gap between the physical and virtual worlds. A Digital Twin is a highly detailed virtual model that serves as the real-time digital counterpart of a physical object or system. This innovative technology has found applications across various sectors, from manufacturing to urban planning. However, its most promising and transformative impact is being witnessed in the field of healthcare.

After China's exchange rate reform, the exchange rate has changed more frequently. The foreign exchange market has an increasing impact on the securities market. This paper analyzes the link between Tesla's stock price and exchange rate of the renminbi against US dollar by establishing VAR model and ARMA-GARCHX model. In the empirical analysis, this paper uses Tesla's daily stock price from June 29, 2010, to June 9, 2023 and the daily exchange rate in the same period as the research data. And the unit root test, impulse response analysis and ARMA GARCHX estimation are used to test the data. Through empirical analysis, this paper concludes that the exchange rate will indeed have an impact on Tesla's stock price, and this impact is mainly negative. Compared with other studies in the same field, the research object selected in this paper is more detailed and specific. This study helps to predict the change of Tesla's share price and preserve the stability of financial markets in the event of exchange rate changes, and investors, policy makers and Tesla itself can also adjust their strategies and plans according to this law. Policy makers can apply the conclusions of this paper to affect the stock market by manipulating exchange rate changes.
Keywords: Exchange rate; Stock Price; VAR Model; ARMA-GARCHX Model

Field experiments were conducted at Regional Research Station, Paiyur, India during January 2012 - July 2014 to assess the efficacy of the TNAU talc and liquid commercial formulations of the native bio agents Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) and Trichoderma viridi, as turmeric rhizome treatment, soil application, foliar spray and in combination so as to develop nematode centric ipm and to standardize the management practices for nematode disease complex in turmeric. IPM module viz., turmeric rhizome treatment with talc formulations of Pf @ 10 g/kg seed rhizome plus soil application of Pf @ 2.5 Kg/ha along with 50 kg of well decomposed FYM plus Pf foliar spray application @ 2 lit/ha at three months interval recorded higher germination of 94.90 per cent, least injury causing nematode population of 223.0/250 g of soil at two months after sowing, 250.3 numbers/250 g of soil at termination, 32.3 endoparasitic nematodes/10 grams of root sample, 18.47 egg mass/10 g root, 177.40 eggs/egg mass, lower Gall index of 1.87 with 16,638 kg of wet turmeric rhizome/ha and found to be the best treatment followed by standard check viz., Carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i/ha, 2 rounds at 3rd and 5th month after planting and drenching with copper oxy chloride 0.25%. The bioinoculants treatments have higher BC ratio when compared to standard chemical check treatment.

Energy is crucial to the overall growth of any nation, as urbanization and industrialization increase, so does the rate at which fossil fuels are consumed. Refuse poses a serious challenge to developing nations and undermines the goal of sustainable development that most nations aspire to. Due to inadequate management systems these causes negative effects on the environment and population health, are another significant issue. Converting them to sustainable energy is an economically viable and environmentally advantageous alternative, especially in light of the fast-rising expenses connected with trash management and energy supply. This paper is based on current developments in the process of producing green energy from refuses of Institute Canteen, with the attention to production of bio fertilizers required for sustainable agriculture. In our institute there are two Boys’ hostels and one Girls’ hostel and all having their own individual mess, where daily a large amount of canteen waste is obtained which can be utilized for variety of functions, such as heating, cooking, and lighting. Wastes were collected and mixed with cow dung in various proportions kept for 90 days for production of bio energy under Cryophilic condition i.e. at very low temperature as the climate is very cold in this hilly region (5-18 °C) which is very challenging for the researchers. It is observed from the study that approximately 4 nos. of cylinder can be saved in 90 days, biogas produced from a 1 m³ digester tank with 2 hours daily consumption. The digestate produced after gas production which is treated as excellent fertilizer for the growth of flower plants in the campus and in the farms of the nearby villages. Different flames are being observed with batch wise feeding of the raw materials to the chamber. With increasing the Hydraulic retention time (HRT), the intensity, color and temperature of the flames changes. The color of the flame observed during the combustion of biogas from organic waste varies from blue color to reddish yellow mixture.
Keywords: Greenhouse gas (GHG); Biogas Digester; Organic wastes; Anaerobic digestion; digestate; Cryophilic condition; flames; fertilizers

There is a need for a strategic semantically inclined model for tagging web pages in the era of the latest Web 3.0. This paper proposes a strategic semantic oriented knowledge driven learning infused model for tagging of web pages which encompasses extraction of terms and categories of web pages and application of models like TF-IDF and Structural Topical Modelling (STM) which is in-turn followed by generating the RDF instances and enriching the entities that come out of this pipeline through the Wikidata API. The proposed framework also uses a Logistic Regression Classifier Unit (LRU) which encompasses the RDF subject and object instances as the features to classify the web page dataset. A dynamic knowledge stack generation via a semantic agent and classification of the dynamically generated knowledge stack using a strong deep learning CNN classifier helps in increasing the overall learning capability of the model. Semantics oriented reasoning is achieved using the Adaptive Pointwise Mutual Information (APMI) measure with differential step deviance measures and the shuffled frog-leap algorithm takes care of the meta-heuristic optimization by improving the intermediate optimization results and overall precision of 95.18%, with a False Discovery Rate (FDR) of 0.05 and an F-measure of 96.30% which makes it the best in class model when compared to the other baseline models for semantics-oriented learning through webpage tagging.
Keywords: Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information (NPMI); Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI); Adaptive Pointwise Mutual Information (APMI); Logical Regression Unit (LRU)

Crop rotation, an enduring agricultural approach is crucial for the promotion of sustainable agriculture. Through the practice of crop rotation, the soil's condition is enhanced, the occurrence of pests and diseases is reduced, and crop yields are improved. Utilizing natural processes, this method effectively sustains soil fertility, controls pests, and enhances biodiversity, making it a fundamental aspect of sustainable agricultural systems. Although crop rotation may be complex and require significant upfront investment, its long-term advantages, as shown by many scientific investigations and practical implementations, emphasize its essentiality for ensuring agricultural sustainability in the future.

This editorial delves into the intricate world of beneficial insects, emphasizing their critical role in sustainable agriculture and ecosystem health. Through their diverse functions as predators, parasites, and pollinators, beneficial insects contribute significantly to pest management, pollination, and overall biodiversity. By recognizing their importance and advocating for their conservation, we can foster resilient agricultural systems that rely less on harmful chemicals and more on natural processes.

We tried to connection of the basic biophysical sense of virus science, in which we discuss the amount of element and chemical bond energy every element in every amino acid relating to a virus. I found some relationship with a virus’ strength, infectious, remedy, etc. We indicate the wide viewpoint meaning virus spread. Furthermore, we introduce the latch circuit for virus-forming variant and associate with the extended--pico-particle water since I research and developed for more than ten years.
Keyword: KP.3 virus; mutant; spike protein; amino acids; extended--pico-particle water

The article traverses through the issues that have emerged regarding TB in India & at global level. The issues revolve around socio economic, pharmacology in modern system, role of AYUSH & other stakeholders.
The article concludes that nutrition is a big factor in dealing with TB. Immunity is another factor. Life style & health promotion activities are cross cutting. Hence, all these factors should be the part of the entire TB intervention in which pharmacology is just one part.
Keywords: TB; RCT; BCG; Chemotherapy; ATP; AYUSH

Human biology is extremely complex. It is in fact a real reflection of vast Cosmic Mind`s creation. Every bodily system is running cyclically and orderly like a systemic bodily clock. This biological clock is the human circadian system which has a period of 24 hours. Recent studies on circadian rhythm and on the consequences of its disruption- “Chronodisruption” have been expanded to a great extent. Modern life-style and environmental factors can disrupt the circadian system of the body and may lead to adverse effects on individual`s health. Furthermore, complex reciprocal relationship between metabolism and the circadian system of the body have been demonstrated. Current research evidences also provide the impact of the interaction between the circadian system and nutrition and the way this link can influence the epigenome and microbiome. Based on this whole concept, it is possible to develop nutritional strategies to manage circadian-aligned feeding that is what and when to eat in order to reduce the prevalence and burden of chronic diseases.
Keywords: Chronodisruption; Epigenetic; Nutrigenetics; Nutrimicromics

Introduction: this study aimed to investigate the aetiological aspects and management of postoperative peritonitis in the surgical department of the Kankan Regional Hospital.
Methodology: this was a 12-month prospective, analytical study of postoperative peritonitis regardless of the location of the initial operation.
Results: out of 737 operations, 50 cases were postoperative peritonitis accounting of 6.78%. The average age was 20.42 years. Women were the most affected (54%). Housewives accounted for 38% and rural women 54%. The initial operation was conducted in private clinics (46%) and health centers (30%). Appendicitis was the initial pathology in 56% of cases, and general practitioners and nurses were the first operators in 64% and 26% of cases respectively. Removal of the appendicular stump was performed by 56% of patients. The operation lasted an average of 95.74 minutes. Follow-up was straightforward in 78% of cases. The average length of stay was 16.4 days. The case fatality rate was 16%.
Conclusion: postoperative peritonitis was frequent and serious. A multicentre study would be necessary to collect data on the aetiological aspects and management.
Keywords: Peritonitis; Post-operative; Hospital; Regional; Kankan

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the indications and results of early reinterventions in individuals of the abdomen in the general surgery department of HRK.
Material and Methods: This was a one-year prospective study, carried out in the Surgery department of the Kankan Regional Hospital, focusing on early re-interventions regardless of the location of the intervention.
Results: During this period, we operated on 1075 patients, among whom 38 cases required re-laparotomies, representing 3.53%. The average age of our patients was 29.68 years, with extremes of 7 and 75 years, mainly affecting individuals aged between 16-25 years, with a predominance of males. The majority of these patients were initially operated on in private clinics (60.53%) by unqualified personnel (76.32%). Appendicitis was the most involved condition, accounting for 44.73%. Peritonitis (68.42%) followed by digestive fistulas (18.42%) were the main postoperative indications. Clinical signs were dominated by abdominal pain. The main re-intervention procedures were peritoneal lavage (92.11%), drainage (81.58%), release of adhesions or bands (31.58%), and resection + anastomosis (26.32%). We recorded a mortality rate of 23.68%.
Conclusion: Better management of initial pathologies through the strengthening of surgical teams' skills, raising awareness and banning unqualified personnel from health centers, and improving technical facilities could contribute to a better prognosis.
Keywords: Early re-interventions; visceral surgery; indications; results; regional hospital; Kankan