Medicon Publications

With growing attention to children's safety and educational needs in China, study tours have become a popular approach combining travel and learning. This paper proposes the design of a compact, portable intelligent robot-Smart Travel Leader-to enhance safety during children's school trips. The system includes a student-friendly robot, teacher tools, and a supporting mobile app. The design process involves user analysis, journey mapping and service blueprinting. Based on the findings, an innovative concept is developed using conceptual design and 3D modeling. The robot integrates AI, GPS, voice interaction, and environmental sensing to monitor children's location, health, and surroundings in real time. It offers intelligent navigation, emergency alerts, learning assistance, and coordination features. By combining multi-sensor data and real-time analysis, it can identify risks and issue early warnings. The system also enables real-time communication among parents, teachers, and students, aiming to deliver a safer, smarter, and more personalized study tour experience.

Keywords: children's school trips; intelligent robots; travel safety; school trip experience

This paper focuses on different standpoints regarding the thermal stability of a horizontal porous layer under the action of vertical vibration. Different time scales are distinguished (i.e. vibrational, viscous, conductive and buoyancy). For the case in which the vibrational time-scale is much smaller than other time scales and the amplitude of vibration is smaller than the height of the layer, the so-called time-averaged method is adopted. The linear stability analysis reveals that the response of the system in this case is harmonic and vibration has a stabilizing effect. Weakly non- linear stability analysis reveals that bifurcation is of the supercritical pitchfork type and an expression for the Nusselt number has been obtained. Although the time-averaged method has the advantage of simplifying the governing equations and providing closed form expression for the optimum choice of control parameters, it fails to describe sub-harmonic modes. In the follow up, it is shown that the stability analysis under arbitrary time-scale relations, called the direct method, leads to the study of a second order parametric oscillator (Mathieu equation). The harmonic and sub-harmonic responses are distinguished. We have put forward a set of conditions from which the stability results obtained by the direct method may be compared with those of the time-averaged method. The validity of the time- averaged method for thermos-vibrational problem has been proved for the first time in porous media. The criterion for the onset of convection has been obtained and this result has been generalized. The behavior of sub-harmonic solution is emphasized. It is shown that at very high frequency, the onset of convection corresponding to this mode does not depend on frequency and is independent of gravity. The response of the solution will be in sub-harmonic mode.

Green energy recovery technologies facilitate the transformation of green energy into electricity, thereby reducing reliance on fossil fuels and optimizing the energy efficiency of transportation facilities. This publication analyses the advanced principles of ambient energy recovery technologies in the transport sector, focusing mainly on road and rail networks. The use of thermal energy from heat losses generated by engines and braking devices, the incorporation of solar energy into vehicles and facilities, and innovative wind power solutions that exploit air movement in tunnels or around rail networks are highlighted. Hydraulic energy, magnetic energy and piezoelectric vibration recovery devices are also being explored for their ability to power sensors, vehicles and installations. Despite encouraging results, obstacles remain in the way of improved performance, cost-effectiveness and adaptation to practical circumstances. Intensified cooperation between researchers, industry and policy-makers is crucial to accelerate the uptake of these technologies, while fostering a more environmentally- friendly and resilient transport ecosystem.

Keywords: Energy harvesting; Road transportation; Railway transportation; vibration harvesting; Solar energy harvesting; Wind energy harvesting; Thermal energy harvesting

Unchecked Growth, Land-Use Changes, and Flood Risks in the City of Lakes:
Hyderabad, once celebrated as 'the City of Lakes,' is grappling with the aftermath of rapid urbanization, leading to significant alterations in its land-use pattern. The impact of this transformation has not only altered the city's landscape but has also increased the risk of urban flooding, a phenomenon exacerbated by the surge in population and climate change.

Postoperative fever is a common clinical challenge, and its etiology varies with the timing of onset. While infectious causes dominate the differential diagnosis, non-infectious etiologies such as drug- induced fever must not be overlooked, especially when clinical findings are inconclusive.

We report the case of a 43-year-old male with a prior diagnosis of appendiceal adenocarcinoma, who underwent a completion right hemicolectomy following an open appendicectomy. The early postoperative period was uneventful until postoperative day (POD) 5, when the patient developed intermittent fever spikes. Extensive workup—including laboratory investigations, imaging, and clinical examination—failed to identify any infective focus. A temporal correlation was noted between the administration of intravenous cefuroxime and the onset of fever. Discontinuation of the antibiotic on POD-7 led to complete resolution of symptoms, confirming the diagnosis of cefuroxime-induced drug fever.

Drug-induced fever, particularly due to β-lactam antibiotics like cefuroxime, remains an underrecognized yet significant postoperative complication. Characterized by a lack of systemic toxicity and resolution upon drug cessation, it should be considered when infectious causes have been ruled out. Awareness of this phenomenon is crucial to avoid unnecessary investigations and prolonged antibiotic use.

Contemporary periodontology is grounded in a detailed understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the tissues that support and surround the teeth. The periodontium, composed of the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone, forms a dynamic functional unit designed to absorb and distribute occlusal forces, facilitate nutrient exchange, allow controlled tooth mobility, and preserve the integrity of the gingival environment.

Historically, periodontal diseases, particularly periodontitis, were viewed primarily as infectious conditions. However, recent advances in molecular biology and genetics have clarified their multifactorial etiology, where disease progression is influenced by the interplay between genetic predisposition, host immune-inflammatory responses, and environmental factors. Periodontitis is now widely recognized as a probabilistic genetic disorder, in which the mere presence of a susceptible genotype does not ensure disease manifestation—additional external and internal risk factors are required.

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the anatomical structures comprising the tooth attachment apparatus, describe their physiological roles, and contextualize the current understanding of periodontal disease etiology, with emphasis on the biological interactions that drive its initiation and progression.

Achieving optimal control over plaque is crucial for the effectiveness of both nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy. Brushing alone is insufficient to achieve this; additional interdental cleaning tools are necessary. There are many different types of interdental aids, including water jets, oral irrigators, rubber tips, wooden toothpicks, interdental brushes, and dental floss. Each of these has unique benefits and drawbacks. The size of the interproximal space, along with the individual's acceptance, dexterity, and motivation, all influence the selection of the appropriate interproximal cleaning aid. Consequently, the dentist can offer guidance tailored to the specific characteristics of each patient.

Keywords: Brushing; water jets; oral irrigators; rubber tips; wooden tooth picks; interdental brushes; dental floss

Objectives: Immediately loaded implants have evolved due to the constant need to achieve more efficient and satisfactory prosthetic restorations for patients.

The main aim of this study was the radiographical assessment of peri-implant marginal bone loss when immediate load was applied to rehabilitate patients with partially edentulous (when the extraction of all remaining teeth was indicated) or edentulous mandible or maxilla, using full-arch fixed metal or peek prosthesis.

Methods: Prospective, single-blind clinical study with a control group (metal) used to be compared to the experimental material (peek). An initial descriptive analysis and a bivariate analysis were carried comprising all the statistical contrasts needed for the evaluation of the relationship to bone loss.

Results: In the radiographic study performed after 4 months in the maxilla and after 3 months in the mandible, a vertical bone loss of 0.07 mm and a horizontal bone loss of 0.02 mm were observed. It is noticeable that smokers and patients with parafunctions showed a greater bone loss, compared with those patients who did not have these habits. These results were also observed in cases with immediate post-extraction implants, where immediate loading with full-arch prosthesis was performed. On the other hand, the insertion torque and the materials used are factors that result in lower bone loss.

Conclusions: The material peek, as well as the insertion torque applied to the implants, are factors that protect against peri-implant bone loss, both the risk of suffering bone loss and the amount of bone loss.

Keywords: Immediate loading; osseointegration; bone loss; immediate implants after extraction

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent approximately 33.8% of work-related health conditions in India, significantly contributing to occupational morbidity. This narrative review explores the economic burden posed by MSDs in sectors such as healthcare, information technology, construction, and agriculture. A focused cost-benefit analysis of ergonomic interventions—including physical workplace redesign, administrative controls, and digital tools—is presented, with evidence supporting productivity gains and a return on investment (ROI) of up to 15:1. Based on empirical studies and sector-specific data, this review proposes evidence-based ergonomic strategies to guide employers, policymakers, and occupational health practitioners in mitigating MSD prevalence and optimizing workforce performance in India.

Keywords: Musculoskeletal Disorders; Ergonomic Interventions; Workplace Health; India; Occupational Safety; Cost-Benefit Analysis

In the current digital era, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) remain a leading cause of disability worldwide. The traditional, center-based model of physiotherapy is rapidly evolving into technology-enabled, user-driven platforms that prioritize accessibility, personalization, and continuity of care. Two such pioneering models—Hinge Health in the United States and BJM Health in India—are redefining how musculoskeletal and preventive care can be delivered at scale.

India is suffering from the worst water crisis in its history with some 6000 million facing acute water shortage. This crisis will worsen as the demand is projected to be twice the available supply in 2030. The extent to which surface water and ground water is becoming polluted by anthropogenic activities including untreated sewage discharge, is adding to the complexities. Thus building understanding about the basic fundamentals of water, waterbodies as a bioreactor and role of microbial community are pertinent for the revival of lakes or riverine system. Prioritizing the nature based strategies this paper attempts to identify the characteristics, diversity and distribution of microbes in waterbodies to work on it, for an appropriate treatment mechanism to ensure its use as an alternative water resource. Metagenomics tool was first time used to study sewage dynamics in contaminated Varal devi lake and Kamvari river in Bhiwandi city, Thane dist. MS, as Varal devi lake supply 5 MLD potable water and may have adverse consequences. Findings of soil and water samples revealed potential environmental and health risk as the lake and river water showed presence of novel or less-characterized Leptospira and Turneriella species dominant in the system localized in Varal devi lake pumping and inlet discharge site. Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens were detected in soil samples, where as it was absent in water. A detailed microbiome taxonomic breakdown, abundance across samples, and insights into its ecological and health significance is comprehended with the recommendations to take appropriate measures of nature based strategies for ecological restoration of the lake and riverine ecosystem. Decentralized sewage treatment by septic tanks interception and constructed wetlands is suggested, simultaneously with Kamvari river rehabilitation from zero order stream onwards. Restoration of flood plains and buffer zones are also necessary by action on the encroachments, for self-regulation mechanism of the nature to prevail. This paper is an attempt to create awareness among the stakeholders about the waterbodies with river basin approach and strengthen scientific communication for good water governance. Engineering infrastructures like conventional STPs lack understanding and design of biological concepts and operationalization, this has led to the deterioration of almost all waterbodies. Hence it is imperative to work with integrated approach for future demand and water resources management by handholding between the community and government agencies. Disseminating the idea of decentralized community driven water conservation, river rejuvenation initiatives and to encourage use of advanced genomic technology to understand sewage degradation science for wastewater treatment, was the main goal of this research work.

This study aimed at assessing the amino acid profile and nutritional properties of bread produced from wheat, acha and date fruit flour blend using standard methods. The flour was formulated at different ratios of wheat: acha: date 80%:10%:10% (sample B); 70%:20%:10% (sample C) and 60%:30%:10% (sample D), with 100% wheat serving as control (Sample A) to produce the bread. Sample D (60:30:10) had the highest value of about thirteen (13) amino acids including essential amino acids. The minerals (iron, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, calcium) and vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B12 and C) all increased with corresponding increase in the level of substitution of wheat flour with acha flour and date fruit flour. There was significant difference between the control and the bread made from the blended flour samples. This study therefore deduced that healthy, nutritious and acceptable bread can be produced with up to 40% substitution of wheat flour with acha flour and date palm fruit flour. Sample D was deduced to be higher in amino acid including the sulphur amino acids (methionine and cysteine) which makes the bread sample less susceptible to denaturation, and also minerals and vitamins which are needed to reduce cases of malnutrition fight off diseases thus sample D should be recommended for baking.
Keywords: Amino acid profile; assessing; bread; flour blends; nutritional

The study was conducted in 2019, 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons in three locations; Makurdi, Abuja and Zaria within the Guinea Savanna Agro-ecological zone of Nigeria, considered as non-traditional cowpea growing region. Six improved cowpea varieties (IT99K-573-1-1, IT99K-573-2-1, IT89KD-288, UAM09-1055-6, UAM09-1046-6-1, and UAM09- 1051-1.) were planted across the three locations for correlation study. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between grain yield and the other traits; days to first flowering, days to 50% flower, days to 95% maturity, leaf area index, plant height, total dry matter, harvest index, 100 grain weight, peduncle per m², branches per m², number of seeds per m², number of pods per m² and pod length was computed using PROC CORR of SAS. The result in Abuja showed that significant and positive correlation was observed between grain yield and total dry matter (g/m^-2), peduncles/m^-2, branches/m^-2, number of grains (m^-2), number of pod /m^-2 and pod length. Significant and positive correlations were obtained between grains per pod and harvest index and number of grains/m^-2. The results in Makurdi showed highly significant and positive correlation were observed between number of grains per pod, number of grains (m^-2) and pod length. The result in Zaria revealed the same trend with highly significant and positive correlation were observed between grains per pod and leaf area index. From the present study, it can be concluded and recommended that, since number of peduncles, number of branches/m², number of pods per plant, pod length and number of grains/m² were consistently positively correlated with grain yield across locations; therefore, these traits could serve as good characteristics to use for improvement of yield.
Keywords: Cowpea; Agronomic traits; yield; correlation

This article proposes the academic restructuring of the traditional Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Agriculture into a Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) in Agro technology in India. Grounded in the rising need for a tech-integrated agriculture sector, agriculture education must aligns with modern industry demands, national policy goals, and global agri-tech trends. The transition is not merely nominal but foundational, demanding interdisciplinary curriculum reform, faculty upskilling, infrastructure enhancement, and institutional policy alignment. The benefits of such a shift span increased employability, improved academic prestige, and a stronger innovation ecosystem. This article consolidates current trends, policy guidelines, and global practices to justify the transformation.