For thousands of years, pharmaceuticals have been utilised to cure diseases. Pharmaceutical firms are continuously pursuing novel therapies to help people live longer and more healthy lives. A huge strain on the pharmaceuticals sector arose in 2019 when the new kind of corona virus arose. Pharmaceutical firms and other healthcare professionals are in the frontline in the fight against any pandemic. As healthcare practitioners learned how the virus should be treated, pharmaceutics providers examined whether current medicines may aid to treat people with COVID-19, possible novel treatments to assist reduce the symptoms, long-term consequences and vaccine manufacturing. Since then, several efforts have been developed to produce a vaccine against corona virus. Several companies have worked hard to create and expand the production of COVID-19 vaccines in order to provide and continue to support people across the world.

Abstract
Water is one of the major components used by the pharmaceutical industry. It may be present as an excipient or used for reconstitution of products, during synthesis, during production of the finished product or as a cleaning agent. Different grades of water quality are required depending on the different pharmaceutical uses. Chemical, physical and microbiological quality controls are essential to verify that the produced water meets the regulations in force. The methods that must be applied for quality control of water for pharmaceutical purpose are described in the international Pharmacopeia. However, laboratories have few means at their disposal to check obtained results and to prove their competence to drug regulatory agencies and customers associations. As Certified Reference Materials (CRM), Proficiency Testing Schemes (PTS) is an excellent tool to objectively check laboratories performances. Moreover, data collected in PTS represent a snapshot of the state of the art of tested analytical methods.

Keywords: Proficiency-testing schemes; Purified pharmaceutical water; Endotoxins, IN total organic carbon; Total viable aerobic germs; Quality control; Laboratory performance

Abstract
The experimental chemistry competency is considered to be the core and specific competency that needs to be formed and developed for students in chemistry education. In recent times, there have been some educators and teachers interested in researching these capacity development measures for students. This article researches the principle, suggests the process of virtual experimental construction of oxygen - sulfur chemistry 10, and applied in teaching to students at the high school in Tay Ho-Hanoi for the school year 2019-2020. The initial experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of using virtual chemical experiments to develop chemistry experimental competency for students in teaching chemistry.

Keywords: Experimental chemistry competency; Virtual chemistry experiments; Students

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially reported in December 2019 in China and cause an acute respiratory disease. Since then, no specific therapy or vaccine is being available for the treatment or prevention of the disease. Teams of scientists around the world are racing to develop a treatment to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Extensive clinical trial data are required to identify safe and effective treatments for COVID-19. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of antiviral drugs, their pharmacological features, and their outcome against the disease based on the available data. We have discussed their mechanism of action, doses, and adverse effects in detail. In addition, a close review of vaccines that are in the developmental state has also been discussed.

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially reported in December 2019 in China and cause an acute respiratory disease. Since then, no specific therapy or vaccine is being available for the treatment or prevention of the disease. Teams of scientists around the world are racing to develop a treatment to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Extensive clinical trial data are required to identify safe and effective treatments for COVID-19. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of antiviral drugs, their pharmacological features, and their outcome against the disease based on the available data. We have discussed their mechanism of action, doses, and adverse effects in detail. In addition, a close review of vaccines that are in the developmental state has also been discussed.

Water pollution is a global issue that has significant economic and social consequences for both environment and human health [1, 2]. The rising shortage of useable water resources necessitates adequate wastewater treatment. In this context, finding less expensive, safer, and more efficient wastewater treatment technology is critical. The use of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment is one potential technique that has seen success in numerous studies. Pharmaceuticals compounds (PhCs) are one of the most common types of emerging pollutants [3]. Their inadequate disintegration and the indiscriminate dumping of waste from the industries, farms and medical centers have allowed for these chemicals to become part of various water bodies of the surrounding region. The presence of PhCs in water sources has been well documented all around the world. They have a negative influence on the growth of organisms, especially aquatic one.

Abstract
Objective: To determine how best to manage subsequent deliveries after one lower segment caesarean section and to examine the advantages and disadvantages involved in trial of labour after caesarean section.
Method: Retrospective study of Trial of Labour After Caesarean Section was conducted in Buraimi regional hospital under ministry of health, Sultanate of Oman from 1st January 2018 till 31st December 2018.
Results: There were total 278 patients who opted for TOLAC. Successful vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) was in 145 patients (52.1%) Out of 145 VBAC, 73.1% (106) patients were <35 years of age. 121 patients (83.4%) were < 41 weeks of pregnancy. 108 patients (74.4%) were with history of previous vaginal delivery. 94 patients (64.8 %) were with last childbirth > 2years. 84.1% (122) patients were with BMI (Body mass Index) of <30. Out of 145 VBAC, 136 (93.7%) patients were in spontaneous labour & 92 (63.4%) patients Bishop’s score was >5 cm at admission. Failure of TOLAC resulting in emergency repeat caesarean delivery was for 133 patients (47.8 %). Out of 133 failed TOLAC, 29 patients (21.8%) were > 35 years of age. 5.2% (7) patients had induction of labour. Bishop’s score of majority of the patients 116 (87.2%) was < 5 cm & 58 patients (43.6%) received augmentation of labour. Non recurrent indications of caesarean section were seen in 101 patients (75.9%). No complications like uterine rupture, fetal demise etc. reported in the 278 women who opted for TOLAC.
Conclusion: TOLAC is a potential strategy for decreasing caesarean section rate if proper selection criteria are adopted.

Keywords: Trial of Labour After Caesarean Section (TOLAC); Lower uterine Caesarean Section (LSCS); Elective Repeat Caesarean Delivery (ERCD); Vaginal Birth After Caesarean Section (VBAC); BMI (Body mass Index)