The concept of plant stress refers to the physiological, biochemical, and morphological responses that plants exhibit when they encounter unfavourable environmental conditions or external factors that disrupt their normal growth and development. Just like humans and animals, plants can experience stress, and their responses are aimed at minimizing the negative impact of the stressors and maintaining their survival.

COVID-19 had a catastrophic effect on the world resulting in numerous deaths worldwide. It possessed a risk of spread, hence there was a need in modification of dental treatment of children. AAPD and WHO suggested modifications in treatment protocols/techniques like Hall’s technique, rubber dam, Tell-show-do, silver diamine fluoride and “limiting the use of syringes” which were adapted by dentists. A survey using Google forms was composed referring to various scientific journals and articles to assess the changes adopted by the pediatric dentists post pandemic. This survey was circulated amongst 400 pediatric dentists. In this survey, the techniques and methods adopted by the dentists during the covid pandemic period and their continuation in their clinical practice post covid were evaluated.
Keywords: children; modified pediatric treatment protocol; post covid

After exodontia, some biological tissue repair phenomena occur. Invagination of the gingival epithelial tissue and subsequent resorption of the alveolar bone walls is expected. Clinically, bone resorption can compromise the future installation of osseointegrated implants, hindering the rehabilitation of edentulous areas. Guided Tissue Regeneration and Guided Bone Regeneration techniques can be used to prevent post-exodontia bone resorption. These techniques should also be associated with more cautious and preservative exodontias to safeguard regenerative results. The polypropylene membrane has been used after exodontia with the main aim of maintaining and immobilising the blood clot inside the alveolus and, due to the possibility of exposure to the oral environment, without suffering contamination or adsorption of dental biofilm and subsequent infection. The purpose of this article is to present the case of the use of a polypropylene membrane after the exodontia of a molar, in order to preserve and maintain bone tissue for the future installation of an osseointegrated implant and the respective implantoprosthetic rehabilitation. The case has been followed up for 10 years.
Keywords: Tissue Regeneration; Bone Regeneration; Bioengineering; Oral Surgery; Implantology; Rehabilitation

When patients are admitted to Intensive Care Units, they become more prone to the risk of opportunistic infections. These infections can be both systemic and stomatological. As a result, the length of hospitalisation increases, as do the costs, and the need for pharmacological therapy increases, which can lead to an increase in the morbidity and mortality rate. From a preventive perspective, the presence of a dental surgeon in hospital, particularly in intensive care, plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of stomatological alterations, sometimes temporary or permanent. The purpose of this article is to discuss preventive aspects and the importance of infection control through the presence of a dental surgeon in Intensive Care.
Keywords: Dentistry; Hospital; Intensive Care Unit; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene

     Intraductal carcinoma of salivary gland is an exceptionally discerned neoplasm exhibiting distinct histological variants with unique molecular characteristics and specific reactions upon immunohistochemistry. Commonly, parotid gland is incriminated. Characteristically, tumefaction is composed of intra-cystic or intra-ductal proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells.
     Tumefaction is additionally designated as low grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma, low grade intraductal carcinoma, low grade salivary duct carcinoma or salivary duct carcinoma in situ.
     Intraductal carcinoma of salivary gland simulates ductal carcinoma in situ of mammary gland and represents with distinctive architectural configurations as cribriform, micro-papillary, solid, comedo or clinging subtype.

The study of illness prevention, treatment, and comprehension, as well as the examination of physical and mental health, are all included in the field of medicine and health. The Latin word "ars medicina," which means "the art of healing," is where the word "medicine" originates. Egyptians at the time possessed sophisticated medical systems. The practice of diagnosis and physical examination was developed by the Egyptians and the Babylonians. Greece made additional advancements to the medical and surgical systems. Thus, the history of medicine is a bigger subject.

     Physics is a basic science for biology, chemistry, agriculture and medical as well as engineering. And the engineering is a comprehensive to cover our daily life. Here is good evidence. It is essential to involve physics.
     I regard a cooking in our everyday constituents engineering when we look at our work in cooking room; See if the meat is cooking at the right heat. Heat relates really physics. Calorific value of “right heat” is thermodynamics, and taste control is supposed to be a chemistry besides human tasting which is difficult to define. Seasoning is to form a compound with the materials by reaction with it.

To live a healthy life style and be free from diseases, fruits must be incorporated in one’s daily food. Fruits are of high nutritional value and provide the body with the required daily allowance. They are highly perishable, but can be made into different products to make them available all year round. They can be processed into products which includes; fruit juice, jellies, marmalades, candies, fruit bars and jams. This study analyses jam produced using date powder and compared it with commercial jam produced using table sugar. The percentage compositions of the blends considered were 50%:50%; 70%:30%; 30%:70% of orange and apple pulps respectively with constant amount of date powder (50%). In addition to the pulp blends, 2.9% commercial pectin was added together with citric acid, and date powder. The entire mixture was heated at 120°C for 25 mins to enhance the viscosity of the blends. Proximate, microbial, physico-chemical analyses, sensory evaluation and Vitamin constituents of the experimental samples and the commercial jam were evaluated. The commercial jam was found best having higher scores in all the sensory parameters. However, in respect to proximate composition, the experimental samples had the highest in protein, ash, moisture, and fibre while the commercial jam only scored high in fat, carbohydrate. In respect to microbial count minimum fungal and bacterial growth, 1.00 cfu X 103 g-1 and 1.00 cfu X 105 g-1 respectively were recorded in the experimental samples at 3 weeks after production. The control sample had the highest value in vitamin A content (130.35mg/100g) and the least in vitamin C content (1.64mg/100g).The nutritional analysis and sensory evaluation obtained proved that the orange and apple jam samples made with date powder is a promising functional product which can be consumed by both young and adults.
Keywords: Orange; Apple; Date; Jam; Composite; Nutritional properties; Sensory analysis

Polyphenols are a large category of chemicals that include phenolic acids, flavonoids, and many other compounds. They have piqued the interest of both society and industry in food production. These chemicals are well-known for their antioxidant properties and potential health advantages, such as anti-inflammatory properties and the prevention of diet-related chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. However, they have a low bioavailability, which limits their applicability due to their instability during digestion, which is caused by pH, enzymes, and interactions with other nutrients, among
other factors (Bamba et al., 2018).

Objective Confirm the exploratory factorial structure of an explanatory model of the conformation of community health networks before risk events.
Method Two non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational studies were carried out with non-probabilistic selections of 107 students for the first job and 101 users of community health services for the second research, considering the professional practices and the social service of the first ones, as well as Access to services by the second group.
Results In the first study, the instrument was validated and in the second, the three dimensions reported in the consulted literature were confirmed.
Conclusion The design of the research limits the findings to the scenarios and the study samples, suggesting the extension of the work to other contexts for the contribution of empirical support to the proposed model.
Keywords: Governance; health; model; intervention; network

The present study investigated microbial diversity in the hindgut microbiota of Odontotermes obesus(Rambur). Colonies were isolated both aerobically and anaerobically by using tryptic soy agar medium. Isolates were characterized and identified by means of biochemical tests. Based on tentative identification, all the isolates belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family. All the colonies were screened for cellulase, amylase and invertase activity. Enzyme assays were performed for positive colonies. The enzyme assay for amylase activity was found to be highest for strain No.16 at 1.46 the highest invertase activity was found in strain No.17 at 1.332 the enzyme assay for cellulase activity was found to be highest for strain No.12 at 0. 09 The results showed that termite gut bacteria play a significant role in biofuel production in terms of plant decomposition and conversion to simple sugars.
Keywords: Odontotermes obesus; Enterobacteriacae; cellulose; amylase; invertase

Ozone is a significant concern for our environment today. The ozone molecule, outside of the ozone layer, is Harmful to the air quality. It also affects humans in a wrong way. Various works are going on to stop the depletion of ozone.
A remarkable improvement was seen, which can predict ozone level three days ahead with accuracy up to 3 days advance. Random Forest and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines are some models used for research.
The new AI system developed could cause improved ways to regulate serious ozone problems and even contribute to solutions for global climate change issues. The research team used a singular loss function in developing the machine learning algorithm.
This could help make the planet secure.

Gene therapy is a fantastic new technology that has opened up a plethora of options to treat or prevent previously untreatable diseases. Gene therapy is the use of nucleic acids (either DNA or RNA) is used to  manipulate the genetic information of a patient’s cells. This is particularly helpful for diseases like Cystic Fibrosis where the ability to add a gene that makes the protein product the patient lacks or to just the gene itself is ideal. The addition of CRISPR-Cas for easier and more streamlined gene editing has also been a boon. However, the unfortunate truth is that despite decades of research, only a few gene therapies have made it to market. One of those reasons is the problems with carriers of gene therapy. For over three decades viral vectors were considered the go to for gene therapy carriers however they aggravate the immune system and can cause unwanted genotoxicity. This compromises their usefulness as a therapeutic treatment or preventative. So other methods of gene therapy carriers have been considered. Nanotech deliverers such as exosomes, gold nanoparticles, and others have shown great promise of being able to transport gene therapy with mitigated or no toxicity to the patient. This review will briefly go over both viral vector and nanotech non-viral vector alternatives to delivery of gene therapy.
Keywords: Gene therapy; nanotechnology; gene delivery; CRISPR; exosomes; viruses; magnetosomes

Transdermal drug delivery refers to the drug administration route through the skin that achieves the local or systemic treatment approved for clinical use. It is the third-largest drug delivery system after oral administration and injection. The advantages of the transdermal route are that the administration route of the drug is convenient and could reduce the fluctuation of blood drug concentration and toxic side effects. What is more, the drug could bypass the first-pass side-effect of the liver to prevent the drug from being destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract. Invasomes are new modified liposomes that differ from the liposomal vesicles in that they contain essential volatile oils, which are called terpenes. Also, ethanol in a low percentage is present in the vesicle either in the phospholipid layer or in the hydrous core. These modified newly discovered vesicles are intended to be used for topical and transdermal drug delivery due to their permeation effect and high deformability as compared to transferosomes.
Keywords: Invasomes; Transdermal drug delivery; phospholipids; terpenes; deformable vesicles

Design and use of enzyme inhibitors against viral enzymes is one of the new and effective ways to control viruses and treat viral infections, Enzyme inhibitors inactivate these enzymes by binding to the nucleotides functional groups of the virus vital enzymes, thus can directly disrupt the virus replication cycle and indirectly prevent the spread of viral infections by reducing and controlling the population and number of viruses, these inhibitors, on the one hand, inhibit the virus by filling and Occupying the active sites of the enzyme and on the other hand, they change the stereochemistry of the enzyme by binding to the structure of the enzyme, for this reasons, they are used as an effective and complementary drug in the treatment of infections and viral diseases. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus because it has the reverse transcriptase enzyme. Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) are a class of Antiretroviral HIV drugs. Non- ucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) block HIV reverse transcriptase enzymes by connecting to it. Tetrazole derivatives have strong antiviral activity against efavirenz and nevirapine-resistance viruses that have different genetic mutations. In this research, we study NNRTIs function and overview synthesis of 5-aryloxy- etrazole derivatives in the development path of NNRTIs.
Keywords: Anti-HIV Drugs; NNRTIs; Tetrazole; HAART; Retrovirus; Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme 

Therapeutic bioengineering is a rapidly growing discipline in medical science that combines biology and medicine with engineering principles to create products and methods that can tackle the widest range of a variety of medical and health-related issues in today’s society