Medicon Publications

Heap is a topic of interest among security researchers and exploit developers who are looking for vulnerabilities in modern-day software. The complexity of allocators like the one used by GLIBC incur a broad attack surface. Attackers can exploit an application by misusing the algorithms and metadata used by the memory allocator itself due to various flaws in the implementation. As a result, there are many exploitation techniques related to the heap. However, these vulnerabilities and exploit techniques are more difficult to understand as they can be dependent on the intricate details of how the allocators are implemented. While stack-based attacks have received significant attention and have various mitigations developed, heap-based attacks remain a persistent threat.
This paper provides an analysis of the dynamic memory allocation mechanism used in GLIBC, one of the most widely used C library implementations. We describe the key implementation details of the memory allocator, including the use of segregated free lists, in-band metadata within heap chunks and support for multithreading using arenas. We then demonstrate how vulnerabilities can occur in the heap due to incorrect usage of the memory allocation facilities provided, such as use-after-free, invalid free, heap overflow, and others. To illustrate the severity of these vulnerabilities, we provide an overview of two heap exploit techniques: tcache poisoning and fast bin dup. This paper aims to help developers who want to understand how dynamic memory allocation works under the hood and how to avoid common pitfalls that can lead to serious security vulnerabilities.

Keywords: Heap exploitation; Memory corruption; Low-level vulnerabilities

One of the important factors for dry blend processes of Suspension Polyvinyl Chloride resin is porosity.

Many parameters have direct and indirect impacts on it.

Direct parameters are operationally controlled and related to the selection of a secondary emulsifier, know as a porisifier.

This parameter is controlled by Reaction Recipe parameters, including agitation intensity, emulsifier ratios, catalyst type, polymerizer temperature, conversion rate, interfacial tension, and PVA degree of polymerization.

On the other hand, the indirect parameters are related to system impurity levels in the reactor. Such impurities are originated from two main sources: namely, Vinyl Chloride monomer, (VCM), and charging water quality.

The application of Nano-Buffer materials in the polymerization phase has revealed the economical improvement of resin porosity.

The results have shown porosity improvements in some applications of around 7%, resulting in operating costs reduction of about 15% in some applications.

A predominant approach for organisational inquiry is Action Research, but it comes in many forms and in some cases ends up as all research and no action or vice versa. A prevalent feature of all action research is the importance of meeting stakeholders in order to gain an understanding ‘from within’; This is specifically the case where Soft Action Research is the basis of the inquiry.
In this paper, the author reflects, briefly, upon the history of action research and the lessons learnt from the outcomes of a recent research he conducted using the Appreciative Inquiry Method (AIM). The author discusses the adoption of soft action research to investigate the domain of decision-making in complex engineering organizations in a bid for technical managers to learn about their own decision-making practices and optimise their decisions. The main study findings conducted across 2 different agencies were largely consistent and they include the following: superior officer’s view/opinion, technical know-how and integration with other departments are the most important to the technical managers when making their decisions. Within the concept of power-play in decision-making making - the superior officer’s influence was found to play a key role in addressing varying judgements or split opinions due to their experience, and also in getting management’s support on their critical decisions.
The lessons learnt from the researcher’s experiences will help inform other researchers and professionals using the Soft Systems Method of inquiry and open opportunities for others to explore further the merits and demerits of Soft Action Research.
The method discussed in this paper can be used to acquire quality data which can be used to develop training prompts for artificial intelligence applications and help develop a repository for multi-criteria decision analysis and algorithm/method for analysis of enterprise risk. The overall research is part of the organization’s management (CSTP-NASRDA) plan to improve decision-making amongst its technical managers.
Keywords: Appreciative Inquiry Method (AIM); Appreciation; Decision-making; Intuition; power-play

This article covers the issues of determining the diagnostic parameters of electric motors, predicting the state of failure and its prevention, effective usage of electric equipment and increasing its reliability. It analyzes the state of failures of asynchronous motors used in our country and gives appropriate conclusions.
The main failure factors of electrical equipment were analyzed, their technical condition was assessed, and the main diagnostic parameters causing the failure state were determined, and the necessity of the parameter of the influence of the operational period on useful work coefficient was substantiated. The most common type of damage to electric motors was the burnout of the insulation or black discoloration of the coil insulation - 78.9%. In the electric motor failure case, there was three-phase burnout at 37.7%, two-phase burnout at 21.3%, and single-phase burnout at 19.9%.
Keywords: agriculture; technological process; electric motor; failure; operation; interphase circuit; insulation resistance; rotor braking

Regarding the medical or chemistry of the omicron virus, I usually go back to the amino acids of the spike protein vs. the formed protein by the virus, along with bonding strength between atoms in the chemical compounds.
The most challenging theme is to relate brain biology to medicine or disease, and I always think about the cause in view of substance, even if we do not understand it. The method is an estimation of the substance(s) to the disease or remedy and considers the mechanisms with physics (Medicon Medical Sciences 2.4 (2022): 11-20). It is successful when the estimation connects to evidence; here is the example of cerebral infarction, which involves injecting electrons onto acupuncture points through the instrument. (Medicon Agriculture & Environmental Sciences 2.2 (2022): 13-20. & Medicon Medical Sciences 3.6 (2022): 20-26).

The integration of aquaponics as a comprehensive and sustainable framework for backyard farming is methodically examined in this review study, with a particular focus on balancing the ecological, economic, and social elements of agriculture. This study explores the complex interactions between hydroponics and aquaculture that are present in the aquaponic system and clarifies how these interactions may be used to create a symbiotic relationship that maximizes resource use while also reducing environmental impact. The review thoroughly examines the principles of nutrient cycling in aquaponics while examining ecological aspects, emphasizing the efficient transformation of fish waste into nutrient-rich water for plant development. This paper presents aquaponics as an environmentally conscientious alternative to conventional farming methods, highlighting the closed-loop system's effectiveness in lowering water usage and reducing dependency on external fertilizers. The study assesses the financial feasibility of aquaponic systems for backyard farming, taking into account variables such as setup costs, ongoing expenditures, and yield potential. After a thorough analysis of the opportunities for small-scale business, the assessment highlights aquaponics as a financially viable option for those who want to become self-sufficient in their food production. The review also explores aquaponics' social aspects and how it might be used as a tool for community development and education. Through an examination of its capacity to advance sustainable farming methods, increase consciousness, and encourage community involvement, the research underscores the wider societal advantages linked to aquaponic systems.
This thorough analysis concludes by presenting aquaponics as the ideal home farming method, balancing ecological, economic, and social factors in a well-thought-out manner. The combined results add a great deal of understanding to the discussion of sustainable agriculture and support the broad use of aquaponics in order to develop a resilient and balanced agricultural environment.
Keywords: Aquaponics; Hydroponics; sustainability; backyard farming; ecological harmony

The potential impact of climate change on olive cultivation in Mediterranean regions, with a specific focus on Djibouti, is studied, and a smart agriculture approach, based on climate change adaptation, is proposed. This study, conducted in Djibouti, examines the utilization of advanced technologies such as data mining, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, drones, and cloud computing to anticipate the damage caused by climate change on agricultural yields. The overall objective of this study is to create sustainable and intelligent agriculture, often referred to as Agriculture 4.0, by controlling soil, water, and weather conditions to optimize plant growth in the unique context of Djibouti. By integrating these technologies, the project aims to increase yields and profits for farmers in Djibouti, thereby promoting more resilient agriculture in the face of climate change. Expected outcomes include pilot projects, policy models, blueprints, and the development of human resources specialized in the field of smart agriculture tailored to the conditions of Djibouti. In summary, the article presents an innovative approach to address climate challenges in olive cultivation in Djibouti and other Mediterranean regions, utilizing advanced technologies.
Keywords: Climate change; Smart agriculture; Artificial intelligence; Agriculture 4.0; Sustainable agriculture and Djiboutian agricultural human resources

Lignin is a three-dimensional, amorphous polymer that forms a network within the plant cell wall. Thus, Oil spills have significant economic impacts on various industries, particularly those dependent on fisheries and tourism. Contaminated fishing grounds result in damaged or destroyed fishing fleets, ecology and long-term contamination. Ultimately, effective and sustainable oil spill cleanup methods play a critical role in mitigating the environmental and economic impacts of oil spills, as well as in promoting the long-term health and resilience of affected ecosystems. the concept of lignin-based aerogels as a potential solution for petroleum refineries oil spill treatment, as well as a sustainable solution for the cleanup. Therefore, research can focus on further optimizing the properties of lignin-based aerogels to enhance their oil sorption capacity, porosity, and mechanical strength. This can be achieved through modifications in processing parameters such as solvent choice, drying methods, and cross-linking techniques.

Keywords: Petroleum; Refineries; Lignin; Aerogels; Oil; Treatment

Mycotic keratitis is a sight-threatening disease, caused by infection of the cornea by filamentous fungi or yeasts. This paper reviews data on the prevalence, diagnosis, therapy and prevention of mycotic keratitis in different states in India, and in other countries, namely Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Bhutan, in the Indian subcontinent. In vivo confocal microscopy and molecular techniques(polymerase chain reaction) have improved management of the condition.
Keywords: Keratitis; etiological agents; clinical features; therapy; prevention

Patient admission to the Intensive Care Unit leads to pathological changes in the stomatognathic system. Most of the time, due to the absence of enteral feeding when patients are intubated, xerostomia is widely observed, increasing the risk of intraoral opportunistic infections. These infections, in turn, can lead to other systemic complications, increasing hospitalization time and costs and requiring prolonged pharmacological therapies, thus increasing the morbidity and mortality rate. In view of this, considering the preventive aspects, the presence of a dental surgeon in the Intensive Care Unit promotes oral hygiene care for patients, favouring quality of life and improvements in hospital care.
Keywords: Dentistry; Hospital; Intensive Care Unit; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene

Supernumerary teeth are defined as additional teeth to normal series of primary and permanent teeth. These additional teeth can occur anywhere in the oral cavity, presenting challenges in diagnosis and treatment [1]. The etiology of supernumerary teeth is thought to be both genetic and environmental factors like hyperactivity of dental lamina, tooth bud dichotomy, trauma, infection etc. [2, 3]. Often in regular dental practice the supernumerary tooth is often missed unless it affects the treatment process. Understanding the rate of incidence, causes, and management of supernumerary teeth helps dental practitioners to provide effective care. This is an attempt to record some cases seen among the expat patients of different nationality in the UAE.

Introduction: Convulsions are attacks of muscular contracture of cerebral origin, of multiple etiologies.
Objective: To determine the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic profile of convulsions in children.
Method: This was a prospective descriptive study lasting six months involving 137 patients hospitalized in the pediatric department of the Labé regional hospital.
Results: out of a population of 522 patients, we recorded 137 cases of convulsions in the pediatric department, representing a frequency of 26.2%.
The etiologies of seizures in children were dominated by severe malaria with a frequency of 72.2% followed by lower respiratory infections with 24.8% and epilepsy 11.6%.
In our study, antipyretics were the most used with a frequency of 90.5% followed by antimalarials 72.2% and anticonvulsants 37.9%.
Conclusion: convulsions are very common symptoms of multiple etiologies, treatment remains symptomatic and etiological.
The availability of EEG and blood ionogram would facilitate diagnosis and improve management.
Keywords: convulsions; epilepsy; child; Labé

This research aims to clarify the PRF / CGF membranes and sticky bone preparation together with other platelet concentrates. A few clinical cases will show how sticky bone is together with PRF membranes applicative in different oral surgery indications [1]. Growth Factor are polypeptide hormones or biological factors. They mediate many cellular processes for the various stages of growth. Endodontic therapy, commonly known as root canal treatment, is indeed highly successful in most cases, with success rates typically ranging from 85% to 97%. However, in a minority of cases, symptoms may persist or reoccur despite initial treatment. In such situations, periapical surgery, also referred to as apical surgery or apicoectomy, may be recommended as the next step. Periapical surgery involves accessing the tip of the tooth's root (apex) and removing any infected tissue or lesions in the surrounding area. This procedure is often indicated when conventional root canal treatment has failed, or when there are persistent issues such as chronic periapical lesions or apical periodontitis. During periapical surgery, the endodontist or oral surgeon will make a small incision in the gum tissue near the affected tooth to access the root tip. The infected tissue is then removed, and the tip of the root may be reshaped or sealed to prevent further infection. Finally, the gum tissue is sutured back into place.
Keywords: Autologous platelets concentrate; concentrated growth factor; endodontic surgery; sticky bone

Background: From healthcare associated infections surgical site infection is the most commonly encountered in problem surgically admitted patients which results undesirable outcome and treatment cost burden.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to determine magnitude of surgical site infection and associated factors in patients to whom surgery was done at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College.
Methodology: A longitudinal study design was used to conduct the study and all patients admitted to the surgical wards for which surgery was done in July and August 2022 was included. Binary logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated with surgical site infections and statistically significant associations were declared for p value less than 0.05 using adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.
Result: In the current study, 24 of 419 5.7% (95% CI: 3.7, 8.4%) patients developed surgical site infections out of which 3 of 419 (0.7%) died from surgical site infection complication. Surgical site infections were significantly associated with hospital stay (AOR: 35.3, 95% CI: 11.2, 112.8) ** and gastrointestinal surgeries (AOR: .299, 95% CI: .090, .999) *.
Conclusion: The magnitude of surgical site infection in this study was slightly higher than the accepted infection rate but by far low than other studies with comparable set ups.
Keywords: Surgical site infection; wound class; surgical wards

In recent years, there has been a notable shift from plastic packaging to fibre-based alternatives. Ensuring that fibre-based packaging maintains all functionalities of its plastic counterpart is essential. This research focuses on a specific aspect of this transition: the resistance to water and moisture.
A critical divergence in material properties between LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene) and fibre-based materials lies in water resistance. The inherent lack of natural water resistance in fibre-based materials underscores the importance of coatings in the success of fibre-based packaging. To address this challenge, two specially designed coatings were developed in collaboration with chosen companies. Following to a promising lab testing phase, a dedicated testbench was constructed for practical real-life evaluations.
Close cooperation with a coating research company played a key role in unveiling the true potential of these coatings. Particularly, a bio-based coating emerged as a viable solution to enhance water resistance in paper packaging.
Keywords: Cobb test; water barrier; Recyclable; coating; sustainability

Artificial Intelligence products have seen an unprecedented rise in the last few years, with GPT-3 and ChatGPT considered the most powerful AI tools in history. Recently, people have been concerned that services such as ChatGPT may be a threat to education. Specifically, teachers are concerned about students using the free and accessible tool as a Wikipedia replacement to complete homework and to write assignments for them. It poses importance for both researchers and practitioners in AI, and community stakeholders including teachers and parents, to understand the capability of AI text generative models in answering questions that may appear in an educational assessment or the school’s curriculum. In this research, we follow a widely adopted framework in defining educational question types, namely Bloom's taxonomy. We perform an experiment comparing the quality of answers retrieved from Google and GPT-3 on a series of questions identified along the hierarchy of Bloom’s taxonomy.
We summarize the capabilities and limitations of using GPT-3 to answer educational questions along Bloom's taxonomy. We discuss the implications on designing educational assessments to combat the threats introduced by such AI services.
Keywords: Generative language models; Question answering; AI in education; Bloom’s taxonomy

The process of obtaining antimony trioxide from Unified Mining Company S.A. (EMUSA) has two production lines. The refining slag from the second production line was stored since the plant started operations, registering high antimony contents which is the reason for this research project. To recover antimony from the slag, it was necessary to carry out a reducing fusion with slag using pyrometallurgical methods with ternary diagrams; FeO: Na₂O: SiO₂ and FeO: SiO₂: CaO the Sb recovery was done in two parts; the first part consisted of melting in a flame furnace and the second a melting in the IIMETMAT thermobalance. The flow of oxygen necessary for antimony recovery was 0.1 l/min higher flows oxidize antimony and lower recovery. The experiments showed that the reaction that controls the process is PbSb₂ O₆ + 6C= 2Sb + Pb + 6CO. For the melting in the flame furnace, the best slag ratio used was 35:15:50 with the system and with the system, the best ratio was 35:15:50, with Sb recoveries of 98% in both cases.
Keywords: Refining slag; Melting in the thermobalance; Antimony recovery

The demand for lightweight and high-performance materials in product design has increased recently in the automotive, marine, transportation, and aerospace industries (Schweitzer, 2003; Kaufman, 2000). In these kinds of enterprises, losing weight is necessary to increase fuel efficiency, increase payload capacity, and comply with greenhouse gas emission regulations. Using more sophisticated light materials is the most efficient technique to reduce weight without compromising design performance (Mouritz, 2012, Singh et al. 2019a-c). The industry offers a wide range of lightweight technical materials, such as alloys made of titanium, magnesium, and aluminium. Aluminium alloys are widely utilised in the aerospace, transportation, shipbuilding, and other industries due to their high strength to weight ratio and resistance to corrosive agents.

Endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) during childhood is rare and mostly due to steroid taken for treatment of other diseases. Due to delayed diagnosis of endogenous Cushing syndrome it results high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of CS is about 2 to 3 cases per million of populations and 10% of them occur in children. Patients with endogenous CS are presented with typical features of facial plethora, weight gain, glucose intolerance, hypertention, osteoporosis, proximal body weakness, fracture opportunistic infections, easily bruising and striae. We are reporting that an 8-year-old boy presented with central body weight gain, facial plethora, hypertension, and delayed weight gain. He was diagnosed to have left suprarenal mass with imaging and corticotrophin-independent crushing’s syndrome from a laboratory profile. Although laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy is mentioned as the gold standard treatment, with the introduction of surgical robotic systems, surgeons are experiencing different approaches to adrenalectomy. Our patient was operated on with a robotic adrenalectomy through a posterior retroperitoneoscopic approach successfully, and the final histopathology report was adrenocorticaladenoma. Corticotrophic-independent CS is more common in young children mostly younger than 7-year old, hence our patient is 8-year old which goes with possible explanation.
Keyword: Cushing’s syndrome/disease; ACTH; Robotic surgery

Automated wound detection using computer vision has emerged as a promising approach in healthcare, offering efficient and accurate identification of various acute injuries such as burns, abrasions, and traumatic wounds. Traditional manual assessment methods are time-consuming and subjective, leading to potential human errors. Leveraging state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, this study investigates the application of YOLO v8, a real-time object detection framework, for automated wound detection in diverse clinical scenarios. The research focuses on delineating the architecture and implementation details of YOLO v8, emphasizing its adaptability and efficiency in identifying and localizing acute injuries. Additionally, the paper discusses methodologies for dataset preparation, including collection, annotation, and augmentation of wound images crucial for training and validating the model, while addressing challenges such as class imbalance and ensuring model robustness across different wound appearances.
Keywords: Customized First Aid; YOLO V8; Object Detection; Transfer Learning

Introduction: The article substantiates the importance of production of organic agro-food products in Georgia. Based on the assessment of the natural-resource potential of the production of bio products, the opportunities for the production of Georgian bio products and the expansion of positions on the local and international markets have been studied.
Aim and tasks: The aim of the study is to reveal the challenges of production of organic agricultural products in Georgia and develop recommendations on development opportunities.
Research results: As the findings of the research as the main challenges are identified small amount of certified products, complex certification process, lack of knowledge and skills of farmers, low access to credit and finance, lack of information about both local and export bio products markets, etc.
Conclusions: Through bibliographic research and interviews with experts, conclusions are made on the main challenges of production of organic agricultural products in Georgia. As a result of the analysis, the ways to overcome them are proposed and relevant recommendations are made.
Keywords: Bio Economy; bio products; Georgia; bio production challenges; bio certificates; export expansion opportunities

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have emerged as a compelling candidate for revolutionizing plant science, offering unique attributes that can positively impact plant growth and development. This review delves into the synthesis and characterization methods of ZnO-NPs, elucidating their physicochemical properties. The subsequent exploration of the biological relevance of ZnO-NPs in plant systems encompasses their influence on seed germination, nutrient absorption, and stress resilience. Through a comprehensive analysis, this review aims to provide insights into the promising potential of ZnO-NPs in advancing sustainable agricultural practices.
Keywords: Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles; synthesis; characterization; plant science; sustainable agriculture; seed germination; nutrient absorption; stress resilience; nanomaterials

India is the largest producer of milk, pulses and 2nd largest producer of rice, wheat etc., Even though we are the supreme producer of major agricultural commodities we are not up to the mark in order to feed the growing population. Along with this climate change again acts as a Barrier in producing agriculture produce and Global population and changing diet are driving up to the demand for the food. Ocean health declining, natural resources including soil, water and biodiversity all are depleting. A 2020 report found that nearly 8.9% of the global population are hungry, it also estimated that we should produce about 70% more food by 2050 to feed an estimated 9 billion people. Along with this agriculture is intensified by extreme vulnerability to climate change. Climate change negative impacts are already felt in form of increase in temperature, weather variability etc., So in order to tackle climate variation and feed large population we may use climate smart practices as a means. Climate change refers to the variation in the Earth's global climate or in regional climates over time. It could show up as a change in climate normal for a given place and time of year, from one decade to the next.

Background: Elective surgical case cancellation refers to scheduled patients not operated on the scheduled date. The reason for cancelations on mostly related to patients, organizational issues, and clinical staff. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of surgery cancellation and associated factors in Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College. All patients scheduled for surgery in the major Operating room (OR) from June 01/2022 to September 30/2022G.C were included in the study and data were collected from the patient registry for cancelation and recovery registry logbook using data extraction checklist and entered into EpiData and then exported to SPSS version 25 for data analysis.
Results: In this study, about 692 patients were scheduled for elective surgeries and the surgery of 42 (6.1%), (95% CI: 4.4, 8.1%) patients were canceled. The most common reason identified for cancellation -facility-related (40%), patient-related (16.7%), staff-related (11.9%), emergency (11.9%), acute medical illness (7.1%), lack of investigation (7.1%), and emergency (4.8%). General surgery (20%) and orthopedic surgery (6%) were the most common cases of canceled surgeries.
Conclusion: The magnitude of elective surgery cancelation in this study was 6.1% and it was relatively lower than most other studies. Causes for cancellation are preventable and feedback of appropriate data to surgeons and other healthcare workers involved in the care has been shown to be an important component of strategies to reduce cancellation.
Keywords: Cancellation; elective surgery; Yekatit 12 hospital medical college; Ethiopia

Antimicrobial resistance increases morbidity and mortality for individual patients as well as pose a threat to public health. Antimicrobial resistance threatens human, animal and environmental health, killing at least 1.27 million people worldwide and is associated with nearly 5 million deaths in 2019 [1, 2]. The widespread and often inappropriate use of antibiotics is the root cause of antimicrobial resistance and it needs to be addressed urgently [3].
Drug resistance is a consequence of the evolution of microorganisms in the presence of antibiotics. The resistance is inevitable, but the pace and extent of propagation of resistant organisms can be governed by monitoring antibiotic consumption by humans and animals, hygiene, sanitation and infection control [3]. Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) reported that ciprofloxacin resistance varies from 8.4%-92.9% for Escherichia coli and 4.1%-79.4% for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, colistin-resistant bacteria have been found in numerous locations, and are producing diseases with no effective antibiotic treatment [3, 4].

When considering the technical and systemic concerns of the sustainability of science centres as agents for science awareness, communication, engagement and education that are at the forefront of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), the impact of science centres on the National System of Innovation (NSI) interventions should certainly be measured empirically, through monitoring, evaluation, and review mechanisms. This paper argues that science centres have a key role to play in Science, Technology and Innovative (STI) imperatives as well the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). To this end, the South African Framework for the Promotion of Excellence in a National Network of Science Centres (2005) is evaluated. Moreover, the positioning and role of science centres in this landscape is examined, in terms of science awareness, communication, engagement and education. The case study of the Sci-Bono Discovery Centre - the largest science centre in the Southern Hemisphere - will be utilised to further understand the role of science centres in the NSI, STI and the 4IR.

Keywords: science centres; policy; STI; 4IR; Sci-Bono Discovery Centre

We back to 2019 in the world by SARS-CoV-2 which was acute respiratory disease. I calculated the cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases according to WHO data. The increasing data for one year period from January 2023 up to the present; Japan:15.7%, China:14.0%, India:0.76%. In Europa; France 2.3, Germany 2.8, UK 2.7%, 4% in USA, 0 % in Australia, and 8.9% in Russia each country.